甲基橙指示抑制光度法测定药物中水杨酸

水杨酸在医药和工业生产中应用非常广泛,具有杀菌、消毒、溶解角质等功效,大面积使用吸收后可出现水杨酸全身中毒症状。目前测定水杨酸的方法有紫外分光光度法、荧光法、化学发光法、导数光谱法、流动注射分光光度法等。本文发现在酸性条件下,水杨酸对溴酸钾-溴化钾-甲基橙反应体系有明显的抑制作用。据此建立了测定水杨酸的抑制光度方法。该法准确、快捷、操作简单。     

流动注射化学发光测定水杨酸

基于在甲醛存在下 ,水杨酸与KMnO4在酸性介质中直接化学发光反应 ,建立了测定水杨酸的流动注射化学发光的方法 ,该法测定水杨酸的线性范围为5 .0× 1 0 -7～ 1 .0× 1 0 -3 mol L ,检出限为 3.0× 1 0 -7mol L ,相对标准偏差为 2 0 %(水杨酸 5 .0× 1 0 -5mol L ,n =1 1 )。该法已应用于脚癣药水中水杨酸的测定。     

流动注射化学发光法测定水杨酸

1引言 水杨酸具有消毒、防菌、抑制真菌生长、溶解皮肤角质等功能.在医药及化工中得到广泛的应用.目前,测定水杨酸的方法主要有分光光度法、荧光法、高效液相色谱法等.而化学发光分析法测定水杨酸大多是基于与KMnO4或Ce(Ⅳ)的化学发光反应.     

水杨酸在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

用循环伏安法(CV)研究了水杨酸(SA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,并初步探讨了反应机理.实验结果表明,水杨酸在该电极上为一个2e/H~+的完全不可逆过程.在pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,用循环伏安法在该电极上测定了水杨酸.方法线性范围为2.0×10~(-5)～1.0×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限为8.93×10~(-6)mol/L.将该电极用于药品分析,结果令人满意.     

化学发光法测定水杨酸

根据在硫酸酸性溶液中高锰酸钾能氧化水杨酸产生化学发光反应 ,而乙二醛的存在可使发光强度增强 ,建立了一种测定水杨酸的化学发光分析法 ,检出限为 8.0× 1 0 -6mol/L,线性范围为 4.0× 1 0 -3～ 6.0× 1 0 -5mol/L。该法巳用于样品复方苯甲酸醇溶液中水杨酸的测定。     

水杨酸分子印迹膜电化学传感器的制备

以水杨酸为模板分子,采用循环伏安法电聚合形成聚吡咯膜,以固定电位过氧化法去除印迹分子,制备了水杨酸分子印迹膜电极.本印迹电极能促进水杨酸电氧化过程,有效地避免结构类似物(如苯甲酸)对其测定的干扰.循环伏安法用于电化学检测,当富集时间为10 min,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH=6.86 时,在1.0×10-6～2.0×10-3 mol/L浓度范围内,水杨酸氧化峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.8 μmol/L, 用分子印迹膜电极对加标样品进行分析,回收率为94.6%～103.4%.     

疏水/亲水大孔聚二乙烯基苯/聚(N-2-氨基乙基丙烯酰胺)IPN树脂的合成及对水杨酸吸附性能研究

采用分步悬浮聚合法制备了聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸甲酯(PDVB/PMA)大孔互穿聚合物网络,将其中的聚丙烯酸甲酯用乙二胺氨解,合成了具有疏水/亲水性能的聚二乙烯基苯/聚(N-2-氨基乙基丙烯酰胺)(PDVB/PNAEAM)大孔互穿聚合物网络(IPN);测定了该树脂的孔结构、含水量、弱碱交换量和溶胀性能;测定了该树脂对水杨酸在不同温度下的吸附等温线,利用热力学函数关系计算出了吸附焓、自由能和熵.推测PDVB/PNAEAM IPN树脂中疏水性的PDVB一网具有疏水作用吸附能力、亲水性的PNAEAM一网具有氢键作用吸附能力.动态吸附及脱附实验表明湿态PDVB/PNAEAM IPN树脂对水溶液中水杨酸的饱和吸附量达到46.1mg/mL.树脂可以通过4%NaOH溶液再生.PDVB/PNAEAM IPN树脂在分离工业废水中水杨酸等芳香有机酸有良好的应用前景.     

氨氮标准样品测定中影响因素的探讨

氨氮作为环境监测的一项重要指标,在一定程度上反映了水体被污染的状况。氨氮在水中通常以游离氨或铵盐形式存在,测定方法有纳氏比色法、苯酚-次氯酸盐(或水杨酸-次氯酸盐)比色法和容量法等。纳氏比色法因操作简便、灵敏,而被作为测定氨氮的首选经典方法,但是在分析过程中,实验     

姜黄素法测定微量硼

硼的吸光光度法已有不少报道,次甲基蓝法是被广泛采用的方法之一,但要使用大量有毒的二氯乙烷。其他的显色剂还有1,1′-二蒽醌亚胺、醌茜素、胭脂红酸,但操作麻烦。后来又研究了硼水杨酸-乙基紫及硼水杨酸-罗丹明6C等三元络合物的方法,但灵敏度仍提不高。所以,灵敏度很高的姜黄素法仍然是目前广泛采用的方法。蒸干法的姜黄素法较费时,我们试验了直接显色法的条件。研究结果,本法简单快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,用于粮食、水质等样品中微量硼的测定,结果满意。　 1 试验部分     

高效液相色谱法测定防晒化妆品中水杨酸酯类紫外线吸收剂的含量

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定防晒化妆品中8种水杨酸酯类紫外线吸收剂(水杨酸乙基己酯、水杨酸三甲环己酯、水杨酸辛酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸异十六酯、水杨酸己酯、水杨酸乙二醇酯和水杨酸苄酯)的含量。1.000 0g样品经5mL乙酸乙酯于20℃超声萃取10min,萃取液在Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱上分离,以甲醇-四氢呋喃-0.1%(质量分数)甲酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测波长为340nm。8种水杨酸酯类紫外线吸收剂质量浓度在5.0~100.0mg·L~(-1)内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.5~2.5mg·kg~(-1)之间;加标回收率在90.6%~98.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~3.6%之间。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。