Pt/TiO2催化剂上CO氧化反应动力学研究

利用沉积沉淀法制备了Pt/TiO₂催化剂, 将其在不同温度下焙烧, 以得到不同颗粒尺寸的Pt. 并将这些样品用于CO催化氧化反应以及反应动力学研究. 结果表明: 焙烧温度对催化剂有明显影响, Pt 颗粒尺寸随着焙烧温度的升高而增加; 与此同时, CO催化活性随焙烧温度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势, 其中, 400℃焙烧的样品表现出最高的催化活性. 反应动力学结果表明, 催化剂上CO氧化反应表观速率方程为r=5.4×10^-7p_CO^0.17p_O2^0.36,说明在该催化剂上CO氧化遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理. 同时, 对催化剂进行了CO化学吸附红外光谱和O₂化学吸附表征. 结果表明, 随着焙烧温度的升高, 催化剂上CO和O₂吸附量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 这与反应结果和反应动力学方程一致, 说明反应受到催化剂表面上CO和O₂吸附浓度的影响. 而在400℃焙烧的催化剂上, CO和O₂吸附量均最高, 因此其反应活性也最好. 这可能是焙烧过程影响了Pt 和TiO₂之间的相互作用引起的.     

Study of CuO/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

Summary Copper oxide catalysts supported on Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂ were prepared via an impregnation method and characterized by XRD and H₂-TPR techniques. The catalytic activity of the samples for low-temperature CO oxidation was investigated by means of a microreactor-GC system. The influence of calcination temperature, calcination time and different CuO content on the catalytic activity was studied. TPR analysis indicated that well-dispersed CuO was responsible for the low-temperature CO oxidation. The results of the investigation showed that the calcination temperature and CuO loadings had larger influence than the calcination time.     

Reactivity of RuO species in RuO2/CeO2 catalysts prepared by a wet reduction method

The paper deals with the reactivity of RuO₂/CeO₂ prepared by a wet reduction method: ruthenium was supported on Ce(OH)₃, which was precipitated by alkali-hydrolysis of Ce(NO₃)₃, under a reduction condition with formaldehyde at pH 11 and transformed into RuO₂/CeO₂ catalysts by calcination in air at 773 K. The catalysts were investigated with an ESR technique and were tested for oxidation of propylene. They had no ESR signals by themselves at room temperature, but gave two sets of anisotropic signals upon contact with propylene. These signals were derived from the reaction products between RuO and propylene. The intensities of the signals were kept unchanged at room temperature for more than 1 h in the absence of excess propylene. The signals decayed in the presence of excess propylene and the upfield signal decayed more rapidly. A prior heating of the catalyst in air at 473 K or above caused the increase in the intensity of the upfield signal. The time course of the signal changes discriminated between ethylene and olefins with allylic hydrogen toward RuO species.     

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Ru/Al2O3 catalysts

Fischer-Tropsch syntheses (FTS) were carried out in a slurry phase over Ru/Al₂O₃ catalysts using hexadecane as a solvent. The outcome of the FTS was dependent on the oxide support, calcination temperature, synthesis gas composition and sulfur content. The addition of Mn/Na to Ru/Al₂O₃ was effective in raising the initial activity and C5+ selectivity, but after 20 hours, the performance of the modified catalyst was similar to that of the unmodified catalyst. An additional investigation involving the use of fresh vs used catalysts demonstrated that an agglomeration of the metallic Ru, at least in part, does occur during the reaction.     

TiO2基固体超强酸的制备及光催化性能研究

半导体氧化物TiO2对很多有机污染物吸附较强、催化氧化活性高,因此它在环境污染治理方面扮演极其重要的角色,被广泛用于光催化处理多种有机物,但常规二氧化钛半导体光催化剂较低的量子效率(约4%)使其应用受到一定程度的制约[1]。1979年H ino[2]等首次报道无卤素型SO42-/M xO y固体超强酸体系以来,引起化学工作者极大关注。固体超强酸催化剂如SO42-/TiO2,SbF5/SiO2/TiO2等是一类新型酸催化剂,广泛用于酯化反应、苯衍生物烷基化、烯烃齐聚等。研究发现,基于SO42-改性的TiO2固体超强酸催化剂对于有机物具有较高的光催化氧化活性[3,4],…     

荧光XAFS表征Pt/BaAl2O4-Al2O3催化剂中的微量铂物种

随着稀薄燃烧(lean-burn)发动机的推广使用和环保法规的日趋严格,消除稀燃尾气中的氮氧化物(N O x)已刻不容缓。N O x储存还原技术被认为是最具应用前景的方法之一[1,2]。目前,对Pt/BaA l2O4-A l2O3体系中N O x储存与还原机制的研究较多[1￣4],但对该体系中微量铂物种微观结构及其与性能的关系研究较少,这主要是由于Pt含量(0.1w t%￣0.5wt%)太低,分散度较高,使表征方法受到很大限制。本文采用共沉淀-浸渍法制得具有较高比表面积和热稳定性的N O x储存还原催化剂Pt/BaA l2O4-A l2O3,应用荧光X-射线吸收精细结构方法(Fluores-cence-…     

Effect of the calcination temperature on the properties of Fe2O3/SiO2 catalysts for oxidation of hydrogen sulfide

The effect of the calcination temperature on the properties of supported iron oxide catalysts for hydrogen sulfide oxidation prepared by impregnation of silica with iron(III) nitrate has been studied. An increase in the calcination temperature was found to diminish the catalytic activity of the Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts in hydrogen sulfide oxidation. This behavior can be explained by the agglomeration of iron oxide particles and by a decrease in the surface concentration of active sites. It has been shown that an increase in the calcination temperature makes the catalyst more stable towards the sulfidation of the active component (Fe₂O₃) to the iron disulfide phase.     

改性介孔Al_2O_3负载的高分散铜基催化剂的结构与催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了LaCeZr或YCeZr改性的γ-Al2O3负载的系列Cu基催化剂,运用XRD、BET、EXAFS、XPS和H2-TPR等技术对催化剂的结构进行了详细表征,探讨了催化剂中Cu物种的存在形式及其还原性能,并与CO的氧化性能相关联。氮气吸附-脱附测试结果表明,催化剂具有很高的比表面积以及较均一的介孔结构。XRD结果表明,未改性的γ-Al2O3负载的Cu基催化剂经800℃高温焙烧后,Cu物种与载体作用强烈,形成了CuAl2O4尖晶石相,而EXAFS结果显示,助剂改性后的γ-Al2O3负载的Cu基催化剂上Cu物种主要以高分散的CuO形式存在,促进了催化剂对CO的低温氧化性能。H2-TPR结果表明,同一系列样品随焙烧温度提高,CuO的还原温度升高,晶格氧的活动度降低,导致活性的下降。LaCeZr改性的γ-Al2O3负载的铜基催化剂于650℃焙烧后显示出了较强的抗硫和抗水性能。     

CrOx/SiO2催化剂上丙烷在CO2气氛中脱氢反应的研究

采用XRD、UV-vis DRS、ESR和微分吸附量热等技术,考察了铬担载量分别为2.5、5和10wt%的CrO_x/SiO₂催化剂的结构、表面性质和氧化还原性能。结果表明,催化剂表面上存在多种Cr的氧化态和聚集形式。随着Cr担载量从2.5wt%到10wt%的逐渐增大,催化剂表面占主导地位的Cr物种由CrO₃单体转为多聚CrO₃和Cr₂O₃晶相。在CO₂气氛中催化剂对丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性的大小顺序为2.5wt%CrO_x/SiO₂>5wt%CrO_x/SiO₂>10wt%CrO_x/SiO₂,反应过程中的原位ESR和UV-visDRS测定结果表明,催化剂表面的反应活性中心为Cr⁵⁺,Cr⁵⁺可由催化剂预处理过程中Cr³⁺的氧化及丙烷反应过程中CrO₃单体的还原产生,在反应中CO₂可使Cr³⁺重新氧化为Cr⁵⁺.     

Al2O3-TiO2二元氧化物的制备条件对酸性的影响

用两种方法制备了Al₂O₃-TiO₂二元氧化物。经不同温度焙烧后,用Hammett指示剂滴定法、吡啶吸附IR法、正丁胺——TPD法对其表面酸性质进行了测定。结果表明：随着Al₂O₃含量增加,Al₂O₃-TiO₂二元氧化物的总酸量、酸强度和L酸比例都增加;随着焙浇温度的增大,总酸量下降,L酸比例和酸强度较大的酸量、百分数则增加。     

SO42-/SnO2-Fe2O3固体酸催化下的环酮Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应及缩合反应

采用共沉淀的方法制备了不同Fe 掺杂量的SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Fe₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂. 利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱, 粉末X射线衍射(XRD), N₂吸附-脱附实验(BET), 热重(TG)分析和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对样品进行了表征. 考察了所得催化剂对4-叔丁基环己酮与乙二醇缩合反应的催化性能. 实验结果表明, 与未经过掺杂改性的SO₄^2-/SnO₂固体酸催化剂相比, 改性后催化剂的催化性能得到了改善. 研究了以Fe/Sn 摩尔比为0.5的SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Fe₂O₃固体酸为催化剂, 部分醛酮类化合物与乙二醇及1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应. 考察了反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响. 同时, 将所得催化剂应用于环酮Baeyer-Villiger 氧化反应中, 催化剂表现出良好的催化活性, 且催化剂具有一定的循环使用性.     

合成方法对Rh/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3催化剂的结构、表面性能及DeNOx活性的影响

用沉积沉淀法合成两种不同系列的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3混合氧化物(ZrO2和La2O3沉积CeO2粒子(标记为A-x)以及CeO2和La2O3沉积ZrO2粒子(标记为B-x)),并用作Rh催化剂的载体。XRD、拉曼、TPR、XPS和O2脉冲等表征结果显示出不同的沉积顺序将导致不同的结构和氧化还原性能,且B-x具有更高的氧迁移性、储氧能力和表面Ce浓度。当其负载Rh后,Rh/B-x催化剂具有更高的NO和CO转化率及N2选择性,且Ce的最佳含量为50at%。这可能归因于Rh负载于富铈表面形成更多有利于NO分解的表面Ce3+活性位。     

Catalytic oxidation of no to NO2 over Cr/TiO2 and Cu/TiO2 under oxidizing atmosphere

The catalytic activity of Cr/TiO₂ and Cu/TiO₂ for the oxidation of NO under an oxidizing atmosphere has been examined. Both catalysts had excellent ability for the oxidation of NO to NO₂ in the temperature range of 350–400°C.     

Thermal Stability of Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared by Sol-Gel

A series of Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method. The influence of several parameters used in the synthesis including: metal content, identity of the metal precursor, and the water/alkoxide ratio on the structural properties of the fresh (dried) and calcined samples were studied. It was found that the BET surface area decreased with an increase in the platinum content. A surface area of 500 m²/g was obtained following calcination at 773 K. The structure of fresh samples as determined by FTIR corresponded to that of a pseudoboehmite structure. Samples prepared using a water/alkoxide ratio (H₂O/ATB) of 9 showed a well-defined, uniform pore size distribution following calcination at 773 K. Metal dispersions comparable to those obtained using impregnation methods were obtained. Aging studies (calcination at 873 K for 24 h) performed on these catalysts, exhibited sintering behavior which were similar to Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared by other methods. The sample prepared using a H₂O/ATB ratio of 9 had the highest surface area and was more thermally resistant towards metal sintering. A bimodal metal particle size distribution was observed: some particles exhibited sintering while others of similar size showed a greater thermal stability to sintering. The sample having the largest surface area and the highest thermal stability following thermal treatment was a consequence of a more condensed structure and a higher pore roughness obtained after drying the gel. This enabled the formation of an alumina structure which was more amorphous and limited aggregation of platinum particles due to surface diffusion within the pore structure.     

Monolith Manganese-Based Catalyst Supported on ZrO2-TiO2 for NH3-SCR Reaction at Low Temperature

Monolith catalysts were prepared using TiO₂ and ZrO₂-TiO₂ as supports with MnO₂ as active component and Fe₂O₃ as promoter. The catalytic activities at low temperature and stability at high temperature for selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ (NH₃-SCR) in the presence of excessive O₂ were studied after the catalysts calcined at different temperatures. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results indicated that the catalyst supported on ZrO₂-TiO₂ had excellent stability at high temperature, and possessed high specific surface area and oxygen storage capacity, and had strong redox property. The results of the catalytic activities indicated that the monolith manganese-based catalyst using ZrO₂-TiO₂ as support had evidently improved the activity of NH₃-SCR reduction reaction at low temperature, and it showed great potential for practical application.     

溶胶-凝胶新方法合成介孔铁酸铜纳米粉体催化剂上CO低温氧化(英文)

Mesoporous CuFe2O4 solid solution nanopowders with high specific surface areas were synthesized by a novel, very simple and inexpensive sol-gel route using propylene oxide as gelation agent, and used as the catalyst in low temperature CO oxidation. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. The results revealed that the samples have a nanocrystalline structure with crystals in the range of 10 to 25 nm, and that all the catalysts have mesoporous pores. The addition of Cu into iron oxide affected its structural and catalytic properties. The sample containing 15 mol% Cu showed the highest specific surface area and catalytic activity, and showed high catalytic stability in low temperature CO oxidation.     

Usy supported Pt-bearing SO42?/ZrO2 catalysts promoted by Cr for hydroisomerization of n -heptane

The Pt-bearing SO₄ ²⁻/ZrO₂ catalysts doped with Cr and supported on USY zeolite were prepared by impregnation, and characterized by XRD and IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption. Their catalytic activities were evaluated in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with a fixed-bed atmospheric reactor. The Cr-promoted catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity and selectivity for isomerization products than the catalysts without the Cr dopant. Both the conversion and selectivity were discussed in relation with the physicochemical properties of catalysts.     

Synthesis of nanosized TiO2/SiO2 particles using microwave processes and their photocatalytic activity on the decomposition of orange II

The nanosized titania and TiO₂/SiO₂ particles were prepared by the microwave-hydrothermal method. The effect of physical properties TTIP/TEOS ratio and calcination temperature has been investigated. The major phase of the pure TiO₂ particle is of the anatase structure, and a rutile peak was observed above 800°C. In TiO₂/SiO₂ particles, however, no significant rutile phase was observed, although the calcination temperature was 900°C. No peaks for the silica crystal phase were observed at either silica/titania ratio. The crystallite size of TiO₂/SiO₂ particles decreases as compared to pure TiO₂ at high calcination temperatures. The TiO₂/SiO₂ particles show higher activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of orange II as compared to pure TiO₂ particles.     

Influence of Calcination Temperature on Properties of Au/Fe2O3 Catalysts for Low Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction

A series of Au/Fe₂O₃ catalysts for the water gas shift (WGS) reaction were prepared by modified deposition-precipitation method. The sample calcined at 300 °C showed higher catalytic activity and better stability than other samples. Using N₂ physisorption, in situ XRD, H₂-TPR, and XPS techniques, the influence of calcination temperature on properties of Au/Fe₂O₃ catalyst was explored, and the cause of deactivation was analyzed as well. The results showed that the catalytic behaviors were related to the interaction between Au and Fe₂O₃, and the reductive property of support, both of which were significantly affected by calcination temperature. Furthermore, according to the results of XPS, although stable carbonate and carbonyl surface species were found on the spent catalysts, the semiquantitative analysis of these species indicated that they were not the main cause of the deactivation. In fact, the deactivation of Au/Fe₂O₃ was sensitive to the structure change of support. During the water gas shift reaction, Fe₃O₄ particle would aggregate and crystallize leading to increase in the crystallinity of support and a significant reduction in the surface area of the catalysts, which resulted in the deactivation of Au/Fe₂O₃.     

Characterization of Cu-ZnO-Cr2O3/SiO2 catalysts and application to dehydrogenation of 2-butanol to 2-butanone

The Cu-ZnO-Cr₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, which exhibited high activity for the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol to 2-butanone. These catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, EPR and BET. The experimental results indicated that (i) the valence states of copper play a key role, (ii) groups of copper atoms were the main active sites in this reaction, and (iii) copper oxide would lead to the condensation product of 5-methyl-3-heptanone.