高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用分析PPMP衍生化的壳寡糖

以1-(4-异丙基)苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PPMP)为衍生化试剂在氨水介质中对壳寡糖链进行衍生化,衍生化产物用RP-HPLC分离和ESI-MS分析。结果表明在确定的衍生化条件下,PPMP和壳寡糖的衍生化产物主要为单分子衍生物,此单分子PPMP衍生物在ESI-MS的正负离子模式下均有较好的响应,并且在RP-HPLC柱上能够实现很好的分离。据此建立了PPMP柱前衍生HPLC/ESI-MS在线联用检测壳寡糖混合物组成的方法。该法可作为壳寡糖样品在质量控制、构效关系研究等方面的方法参考。     

单糖衍生物的电喷雾质谱裂解规律研究

以1-(2-萘基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(NMP)作单糖标识剂, 经在线串联的LC-ESI-MS建立了单糖衍生物的电喷雾质谱裂解方法.衍生物在质谱裂解中糖类化合物特有的规范信息.借助糖类化合物在ESI-MS条件下表现出的分子离子峰m/z [M H] , 及在ESI-MS/MS条件下呈现出的特征碎片离子峰m/z 473, 可有效地确定出单糖类化合物的组成. 尽管一些脂肪醛和芳香醛也能同时被标识, 然而在质谱条件下不产生m/z 473的特征碎片离子峰, 且它们的洗脱远在糖类组分之后, 因此不干扰糖类化合物的分离和结构确定.通过建立的LC-ESI-MS方法, 对水解蜂花粉中的单糖进行了分析.结果表明: 水解的蜂花粉中含甘露糖(Man)、半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcUA)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖 (Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、木糖(Xyl)和岩藻糖(Fuc).本方法为环境样品中单糖类化合物的确定提供了准确、可靠的技术手段.     

原位衍生化技术在液相色谱和液相色谱-质谱联用分析中的应用

衍生化是将待分析物转化为更适合的物质形式以便于分析的有效手段。原位衍生化技术作为一种常用的柱前衍生化方法,可以在样品基质中同时完成分析物的萃取和衍生化,具有高效、灵敏和选择性好的优点。原位衍生化结合其他前处理技术广泛用于胺类、醛酮类、醇类、酚类、羧酸和巯基化合物的分析中,在生物、药物、食品、环境、化妆品分析等领域有广泛的应用。该文概述了原位衍生化的反应类型和代表性衍生试剂,综述了原位衍生化技术在液相色谱和液相色谱-质谱联用分析中的应用,并展望其发展趋势。     

化学衍生用于代谢物异构体质谱分析

内源性代谢物是机体生命活动的中间体和终产物,对其进行定性和定量分析在生命科学研究中具有重要意义。质谱能够同时提供化合物的定性和定量信息,已经成为一种通用的内源性代谢物分析技术。由于质谱是通过检测离子质荷比获取化合物组成信息,区分生物体内复杂多样代谢物同分异构体仍然是质谱分析亟待解决的难题之一。化学衍生通过放大同分异构体理化性质差异,能够增强质谱检测的灵敏度和特异性。本文介绍了化学衍生用于代谢物异构体质谱检测的研究进展,对用于脂质、糖类和手性氨基酸等精细结构异构体的化学衍生质谱分析方法及应用进行了综述。特别强调了微液滴化学反应加速在衍生化质谱分析中的发展,其有望成为代谢物实时原位衍生化检测的新方法。此外,将生物组织原位衍生化与质谱成像分析技术相结合,对于研究低丰度、非极性和异构体代谢物的空间分布及其功能具有重要价值。     

光诱导的糖类化合物的合成与修饰

近年来光诱导的氧化还原催化反应在糖类化合物合成与修饰中取得重要进展.概述了该领域的最新成果,重点介绍光催化策略在O-糖苷化反应、C-糖苷化反应、糖类化合物的官能团修饰和硫醇-烯烃偶联反应等四个方面的应用.     

类固醇类激素GC-MS分析中酮基衍生化技术研究进展

类固醇类激素以其独特的生理生化效应而备受关注,气相色谱-质谱联用技术已经成为类固醇类激素分析检测的重要手段.由于类固醇类激素含有羟基、酮基等极性官能团,GC-MS分析时检测灵敏度不高,色谱分离峰形差,需通过衍生化技术将其转化成极性较低、易挥发、热稳定性高的化合物,以改善色谱分离峰形、提高检测灵敏度,使之适用于GC-MS痕量分析.目前,类固醇类激素羟基等含有活性氢原子官能团的衍生化技术发展较为成熟,但酮基衍生化仍缺乏系统研究.本文对类固醇类激素酮基衍生化技术研究进展进行了综述,主要介绍了烯醇化-硅烷化、肟化-硅烷化等酮基衍生化技术的反应原理、应用现状,并对目前存在的问题及进一步的研究方向进行了讨论和展望,为类固醇类激素酮基衍生化技术的研究提供参考.     

咔唑-9-乙氧基碳酰肼柱前衍生中性糖的高效液相色谱分析

采用一种新型紫外、荧光衍生试剂咔唑-9-乙氧基碳酰肼(EEOC-Hydrazlde)对5种中性糖(乳糖,甘露糖,葡萄糖,鼠李糖和山梨糖)进行柱前衍生,并通过紫外、荧光检测的方法进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析。结果表明：反应温度65℃,时间6．5h,醋酸含量为3．5％(V／V)的条件下,衍生产率可达最大。衍生物的激发和发射波长为λex／λem=293／360nm,紫外检测波长254nm。检出限范围15-60fmol。该方法具有检测灵敏度高,衍生化反应简单,适合糖类化合物的分析。     

1-(2-萘基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮衍生试剂的制备及其在高效液相色谱-质谱法测定糖类化合物中的应用

以1-(2-萘基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(NMP)作为柱前衍生试剂,建立了简单、灵敏的糖类组分的反相高效液相色谱测定方法。NMP与糖在氨为催化剂的条件下,于70 ℃下反应可获得稳定的衍生产物。在Hypersil ODS 2反相色谱柱上,实现了8种单糖的基线分离。衍生物线性相关系数均大于0.9985,检出限为0.58～1.1 pmol。利用柱后在线串联质谱的电喷雾电离正离子模式监测,获得了各组分的质谱定性及裂解规律,特别是m/z 473的特征碎片离子可作为单糖NMP衍生物的判定依据。与1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)相比,NMP对糖的衍生化具有灵敏、简单、质谱裂解规律性强、重现性好等优点。该方法用于测定油菜花粉多糖中的单糖组成,结果令人满意。     

糖类物质的衍生化试剂——氘代PMP和类似物的合成及其衍生化性能

在冰醋酸催化的无溶剂条件下,于室温合成了氘代PMP及其类似物——1-五氘代苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(d5-PMP),1,3-二苯基-5-吡唑啉酮(DPP)和1-(4-异丙苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PPMP),其中d5-PMP和PPMP为新化合物,其结构经UV,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS及元素分析表征。通过ESI-MS对d5-PMP,DPP及PPMP与乳糖的衍生化性能进行了初步研究。结果表明,d5-PMP和乳糖的反应活性最高,衍生物以双分子标记物为主,衍生化性能与d0-PMP相当;DPP的反应活性最低,单分子和双分子标记物产率相当,不适用于糖类物质的衍生化分析;PPMP的反应活性仅次于d5-PMP或d0-PMP,生成稳定性较好的单分子标记物的倾向较大,优化衍生条件使其定量进行可用于糖类物质分析。     

β-环糊精类液相色谱固定相及其手性拆分应用研究进展

β-环糊精是以1,4-糖苷键首尾相连的环状低聚糖,具有手性识别功能,特别是衍生化的β-环糊精键合固定相,对手性化合物具有良好的拆分能力。本文介绍了β-环糊精的结构和性质,综述了各种衍生化的β-环糊精液相色谱键合固定相及其在手性化合物拆分中的应用。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.