二氧化锰化学氧化法合成导电聚苯胺

研究了以二氧化锰为氧化剂，苯胺（ANI）化学氧化聚合的新型反应，探讨了氧化剂的用量、反应体系酸度、苯胺用量，反应温度，酸的种类等条件对聚苯胺（PANI）的产率和电导率的影响，在2．7mol/L的盐酸介质中二氧化锰与苯胺摩尔比为0．7的条件下室温氧化聚合4h，可得到电导率为12．5S/cm的聚苯胺，产率为73％，对产物聚苯胺的结构用红外光谱和紫外－可见光谱进行了表征。     

聚苯胺膜修饰电极对儿茶酚及对苯二酚的催化氧化

研究了电化学条件下聚合生成的聚苯胺膜对儿茶酚及对苯二酚的催化氧化。实验分析了影响电催化的几个因素：聚合电位、膜厚、溶液酸度及底物浓度，同时分析和比较了聚苯胺膜对两种不同多酚类化合物的催化反应。提出电化学测试分析多酚类化合物的可能性。     

苯胺的化学聚合

本文研究了氧化剂浓度、聚合溶液酸浓度、苯胺浓度以及氧化剂种类对苯胺化学氧化聚合的影响.结果表明,聚合条件的改变强烈地影响聚合物收率、电导率以及分子结构.本文初步给出了合成具有较高电导率聚苯胺的实验条件范围.     

导电聚苯胺/橡胶复合材料的研究进展

聚苯胺是一种结构型导电高分子,因其特殊的结构和优异的物理化学性能,使它在二次电池、金属防腐、传感器、电容器、电磁屏蔽及抗静电等领域有着广泛而深入的应用前景。本文概述了导电聚苯胺的结构和特性,主要综述了聚苯胺/橡胶基复合材料的制备方法。其制备方法主要有共混法和聚合法,共混法主要有机械熔融共混法、溶液共混法和乳液共混法;聚合法主要包括电化学聚合、原位乳液聚合法、吸附聚合法等,总结了聚苯胺/橡胶基复合材料的研究情况及发展应用。     

恒电位条件下制备聚苯胺PAn及其电化学行为

恒电位条件下在玻碳电极上用电化学聚合法制备了聚苯胺膜，研究了聚合条件如聚合电位，聚合介质，苯胺浓度等对聚苯胺膜化学性质的影响，从而确定了制备聚苯胺的最佳聚合方法和条件，并讨论了在不同支持电解质溶液中和不同ＰＨ值条件下ＰＡｎ膜的循环伏安行为，认为５５０ｍＶ出现的氧化还原峰与阴离子的掺杂有关。     

导电聚苯胺/钙基膨润土复合材料的制备

采用插层聚合法制备了导电聚苯胺/钙基膨润土、聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料.以电导率为考核指标,通过正交设计优化了苯胺的加入量、反应温度和反应时间等参数.结果表明,苯胺的加入量影响较显著,反应温度对聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料影响较聚苯胺/钙基膨润土体系明显,反应时间的延长,有利于聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料电导率的提高.聚苯胺/钙基膨润土复合材料制备的最佳工艺条件为:苯胺加入量为70%,反应温度为0℃,反应时间为6 h;聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料制备的最佳工艺条件为:苯胺加入量为70%,反应温度为室温,反应时间为8 h.利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和四探针技术表征了材料的组成、结构和性能.结果表明:膨润土经有机化后,晶面间距增大较多;苯胺单体与钙基膨润土插层聚合后,膨润土晶面间距增大不多;苯胺单体与有机化膨润土复合后,破坏了膨润土的晶格结构,形成了混杂复合体系,电导率达10-3S.cm-1.     

盐介质环境对苯胺聚合、产物结构及导电性能的影响

本文研究了苯胺在室温下,以H_2O_2/HCl为氧化体系的聚合过程,深入探讨了不同盐(Na Cl、Cu Cl_2、Ni Cl_2、Fe SO_4、Cu SO_4)介质环境对苯胺聚合速率及产率的影响,并对产物的结构及性能进行了分析表征.结果发现, Na Cl对苯胺聚合具有很好的催化作用,过渡金属Cu~(2+)和Fe~(2+)对苯胺聚合速率提高更显著;在室温下, Cu Cl_2可使苯胺聚合产率达到95%以上,在盐介质影响下,苯胺聚合产物从纤维状转变为短棒状,或以珊瑚状纳米结构及球形粒子出现; Na~+、Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)介质环境有利于聚苯胺的掺杂,使其具有一定的导电性, Fe~(2+)介质中产生的芬顿反应降低了苯胺聚合产物的掺杂程度,所制聚苯胺为无定型结构,且主要为还原态,不导电.     

炭黑/聚苯胺纳米复合粒子的制备与表征

用现场原位聚合法制备了炭黑/聚苯胺纳米复合粒子,讨论了聚合反应条件对产物电导率的影响,并表征了复合粒子的形态和耐热性能.结果表明,所得的炭黑/聚苯胺纳米复合粒子粒度约为50 nm并具有核-壳结构,其电导率达30 S.cm-1,热分解温度约为600℃.     

微电极研究 ⅩⅢ.聚苯胺修饰微盘电极的研究

用恒电流法在盐酸介质中以最佳聚合条件将聚苯胺修饰在Ｐｔ微盘电极上。制得的聚苯胺修饰微盘电极对ｐＨ有能斯特响应，稳定性好，用于样品测定，结果满意。     

强磁场作用对聚苯胺颗粒形貌及电性能的影响

聚苯胺的聚合掺杂条件对其颗粒结构及其导电性能有着很大的影响. 本文在10 T强磁场的作用下用化学氧化溶液原位聚合法得到聚苯胺并观察充分聚合后聚苯胺的颗粒结构、形貌特征及与其形成复合材料的电性能. 实验表明, 在没有强磁场作用下掺杂聚苯胺颗粒呈现礁石状, 而强磁场作用下的原位聚合聚苯胺颗粒呈现直径大约50 nm的棒状, 但其复合材料的电阻率与没有强磁场相比高出3个数量级; 本征态聚苯胺在强磁场下再掺杂得到20～30 nm的球状颗粒, 其复合材料电阻率却降低1个数量级. 分析认为这主要由于强磁场对聚苯胺晶粒的取向作用以及强磁场对聚合掺杂过程的影响所至.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Dual Acidic Ionic Liquids

Novel ionic liquids with dual acidity, of which the cation contains Brφnsted acidity and anions contain Lewis acidity were synthesized. These ionic liquids obtained were identified by NMR, FF-IR, SDT and FAB-MS. Their acidities were determined by pyridine probe on IR spectrography.     

硼对HZSM-5分子筛酸性和择形性的影响

用不同含量的硼对HZSM-5分子筛进行改性,研究硼对HZSM-5酸性和对甲苯甲醇烷基化制对二甲苯反应的影响.通过XRD, SEM, N_2物理吸脱附, NH_3-TPD和Py-IR对催化剂进行表征,结果表明硼改性的催化剂仅有弱酸位,随着硼含量增加,弱酸位酸量和B/L增加,并且硼改性后在HZSM-5分子筛中产生新的弱B酸位.弱酸位有利于抑制二甲苯异构化反应和二甲苯进一步烷基化反应,提高对二甲苯选择性.实验结果表明随着弱酸酸量的增加,对二甲苯选择性增加,甲苯转化率减小.与HZSM-5相比, 1.7%B/HZSM-5催化剂弱酸酸量增加了226%,因此在1.7%B/HZSM-5催化剂上获得98.57%的对二甲苯选择性.     

Y沸石的酸性

用^29Si MAS NMR(MAS为Magie Angle Spinning), 统计计算,NH3-TPD 等方法对(NH4)2·SiF6去铝补硅得到的高硅Y型沸石的酸位分布情况进行了研究, 并与典型酸催化反应数据相关联, 证实了Y型沸石的酸位强度取决于A1原子的周围环境, 即与次邻位A1原子数目n-NNN(NNN为Next Nearst Neighbor)有关, 沸石的强酸性来自次邻位无A1原子的AIO^-4四面体。 NH3-TPD法测量的沸石酸量和酸强度数据与^29Si MAS NMR 实验结果和统计计算得到的不同n-NNN A1位的分布是一致的。 随着A1含量减少, Y型沸石表面的总酸量是单调下降的。但强酸量却是先增加后下降, 在A1/(A1+Si)为0.15左右出现极大值。不同硅铝比的Y型沸石对典型的强酸性和弱酸性催化反应的活性变化规律亦与酸性相吻合。     

Measurements of acidic property of zeolites by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia

The overall view of the TPD of ammonia to measure the acidic property of zeolites is described. The desorption peaks were identified and the significance of readsorption of ammonia was pointed out for the first time. This part of the work was done using reference catalysts of the Catalysis Society of Japan. The theoretical equation for the TPD with free readsorption of ammonia was then derived. Two methods for determining the strength of zeolite acidity based on the derived equation were proposed. A curve fitting method was then proposed to determine the zeolite acidity; based on this method, not only the strength of acidity but also its distribution could be determined. This method was applied to mordenite and ZSM-5 zeolites with different contents of Al and Na cations, and a simple conclusion was reached; namely, the strength of the acidity was not influenced by the number of acid sites but by the structure of the zeolite. Finally, water vapor treatment to rub out the l-peak (lower temperature peak) was briefly mentioned. This method was applied to precisely determine the acidity of Y-zeolite. A case study about the beta zeolite as the catalyst for the amination of phenol was exemplified; the catalytic activity was discussed in terms of the measured acidity.     

基于亮蓝为显色剂的高酸度试纸

研究了色素亮蓝对氢离子浓度大于1 mol/L溶液的颜色响应及其变色机理,并将其作为显色剂应用于高酸度试纸的研发。 研究表明,固定于改性基纸上的亮蓝处于氢离子浓度为0.1~9.0 mol/L范围的介质溶液中时,其颜色变化表现出明显的酸度响应特征,即随着溶液酸度的提高,亮蓝逐渐由蓝色转化为蓝绿色、绿色、黄绿色直至黄色。 该响应具有普适性,不受无机酸的种类与氧化性强弱的影响。 采用分光光度法研究了溶液酸度对亮蓝光吸收特性的影响,提出其可能的变色机理。 以亮蓝为显色剂开发出高酸度试纸,该试纸可以直接检测溶液中0.1~9.0 mol/L范围内的氢离子平衡浓度,精确度为±1 mol/L。     

Gastric acidity-dependent bioavailability of commercial sustained release preparations of indomethacin, evaluated by gastric acidity-controlled beagle dogs

The relationship between gastric acidity and the bioavailability of two kinds of sustained-release indomethacin (IM) formulations was investigated in gastric acidity-controlled beagle dogs, and compared with that of rapid-release IM formulations. All test dosage forms were more rapidly dissolved in simulated intestinal fluid than in simulated gastric fluid. Gastric acidity did not affect the bioavailability of IM from the rapid-release formulation. However, the bioavailability of IM from the two kinds of sustained-release formulations were markedly influenced by gastric acidity. The rates of IM bioavailability from both of the sustained-release formulations were faster under low acidity conditions than under high acidity conditions (p less than 0.01). In addition, Tmax and mean residence time (MRT) were approximately the same for the rapid-release and sustained-release formulations under low acidity conditions. These results suggest that the IM sustained-release formulations showed a rapid-release profile under low acidity conditions.     

三氧化钼-二氧化硅的制备方法与表面结构、表面酸性的关系

用共沉淀法和浸渍法制备样品. 测定了样品的表面酸性. 通过XRD, XPS、IR和激光喇曼光谱测定了样品的结构、MoO3的表面浓度和酸位类型. 结果表明, 两系列样品的表面结构、酸性变化的规律、MoO3的表面化学状态都与制备方法密切相关.在用共沉淀法制备的样品中, MoO3以两种不同的化学形态存在在表面上, 它们对表面酸性的影响然不同.     

SAPO分子筛的酸性及其孔道分布对丁烷异构脱氢反应的影响

 合成了四种磷铝及硅磷铝系列分子筛,并用XRD表征了分子筛的晶体结构,用X荧光光谱测定了其元素组成,用NH3－TPD和物理吸附考察了其酸性和孔道分布．考察了以合成的分子筛为基质制备的催化剂上丁烷异构脱氢反应的性能．结果表明,以弱酸性的SAPO－5分子筛和孔口狭窄的SAPO－34分子筛为载体的催化剂,它们的催化性能较差;以十元环的SAPO－11分子筛为载体的催化剂显示出较高的活性和选择性．同时,考察了不同分子筛催化剂上Pd金属粒子的分散状态,分析了分子筛的酸性和孔道结构对反应性能的影响．     

Surface acidity and basicity of functionalized silica particles

Tetraethoxysilane has been co-hydrolyzed with functionalized organosilanes in a modified Stöber process to produce silica particles with amino, carboxylate or dihydroimidazole groups on the surface. The effects of reaction conditions and the loading of the functionalized organosilane on particle size was examined by TEM. Fluorescence spectroscopy of the surface amino groups covalently modified with fluorescamine, and the surface carboxylate groups with 4-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, demonstrated that these functional groups were accessible for further reaction. Changes in surface acidity and basicity caused by the presence of functional groups (amine, dihydroimidazole, carboxylate) on the particle surface were determined using an indicator titration technique. Particles with surface imidazole and amine groups and particles with surface carboxylate groups have enhanced basicity and acidity, respectively. Dihydroimidazole-modified silica had greater surface basicity than the amine-modified silica. The effect on basicity and acidity increases as the amount of added functionalized silane increases. However, this increase is nonlinear with respect to the increase in added functionalized silane. Particles with both surface dihydroimidazole and carboxylate groups demonstrated reduced surface basicity and acidity.