In situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) study of the adsorption of NO2-, NH2OH, and NH4+ on Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3

In relation to the heterogeneous hydrogenation of nitrite, adsorption of NO2-, NH4+, and NH2OH from the aqueous phase was examined on Pt/Al2O3, Pd/Al2O3, and Al2O3. None of the investigated inorganic nitrogen compounds adsorb on alumina at conditions presented in this study. NO2-(aq) and NH4+(aq) on the other hand show similar adsorption characteristics on both Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3. The vibrational spectrum of the NO2- ion changed substantially upon adsorption, clearly indicating that NO2- chemisorbs onto the supported metal catalysts. On the contrary, adsorption of NH4+ does not lead to significant change in the vibrational spectrum of the ion, indicating that the NH4+ ion does not chemisorb on the noble metal but is stabilized via an electrostatic interaction. When comparing the adsorption of hydroxylamine (NH2OH(aq)) on Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3, significant differences were observed. On Pd/Al2O3, hydroxylamine is converted into a stable NH2(ads) fragment, whereas on Pt/Al2O3 hydroxylamine is converted into NO, possibly via HNO(ads) as an intermediate.     

（PdCl2—PVP）／Al2O3催化剂中Pd状态的探讨

氯化钯先锚定在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮上后进一步负载到Al_2O_3上所制的催化剂[简称(PdCl_2-PVP)/Al_2O_3]是一种活性、选择性高,稳定性好的烯烃、二烯烃和多烯烃加氢催化剂。本文结合加氢反应,使用XPS、FT-IR、电镜及用CO为探针的FT-IR,对这种催化剂进行了考察。实验说明,在这种催化剂中,钯的价态是在0—2之间。红外光谱在486cm~(-1)处有一微弱的小峰,说明存在Pd—N的配位键。催化剂中钯含量低时(0.2wt％)稳定性好,不吸附CO,活性中心是络合钯原子;当钯含量较高时(0.7wt％),催化剂的初活性虽不低,稳定性却较差,这种催化剂能吸附CO,IR谱图上仅在1919cm~(-1)处有CO桥式吸附态的伸缩振动。表明除络合钯原子外,还有聚集的钯金属存在。FT-IR尚表明,PVP在Al_2O_3上可能并非单纯的物理吸附。电镜结果表明,PVP在Al_2O_3上呈30—70(?)的微球状,(PdCl_2-PVP)/Al)_2O_3上的(PdCl_2-PVP)亦呈微球状,与前者无明显区别,这种催化剂中其活性中心是络合钯原子。     

铈和镧改性γ-Al2O3担载Pd催化剂的结构效应

分别以镧-铈、铈-镧顺序浸渍和镧铈共浸渍的方式在γ-Al2O3载体上引入助剂La2O3和CeO2，然后担载Pd制备了一系列催化剂.以甲醇分解为探针反应，采用XRD、EXAFS和XPS对催化剂的体相和表面结构进行表征，用BET法测定比表面积，并进行了吸附态CO的FTIR研究.结果表明,La2O3容易进入CeO2的晶格中，促进了CeO2在γ-Al2O3上的分散.但不同的La2O3、CeO2加入方式对活性组分Pd在改性载体上的分散度、优势暴露面及其与CeO2之间的相互作用产生不同的影响.关联甲醇分解性能测试结果说明,Pd在载体上的高度分散以及Pd和CeO2之间通过界面产生的强相互作用是催化剂具有高活性的关键.     

二苯并噻吩在MoO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂上的自发单层分散

二苯并噻吩(DBT)在80 ℃下，保持24 h即可在催化剂表面发生自发单层分散，通过XRD分析测定其分散阈值为0.23 gDBT/g MoO3/γ-Al2O3，大于经计算得出的0.15 g/g的平躺吸附密置单层分散容量，在排除实验误差后，推测DBT在MoO3/γ-Al2O3表面存在通过硫原子的端连吸附，FT-IR分析结果与上述推测相一致，分析认为DBT可能通过硫原子吸附在MoO3/γ-Al2O3表面的酸中心上。     

Effect of preparation parameters on properties and performance of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst in saturation of olefins

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The complete saturation of commercial olefin-containing (3.3 mol%) C4 stream over Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts was studied. The catalysts were prepared by...     

Effect of Nd-doping on the Thermal Stability and Pore-structure of Al2O3 Membranes

Unsupported Nd-doped Al2O3 membranes have been prepared with a sol-gel treatnt by using aiuminium isopropoxide and Nd(NO3)3 as the main raw materials. The properties of Nd-doped Al2O3 membranes were characterized by XRD, DTA-TG, IR and N2 adsorption. The effects of Nd-doping on the phase composition, thermal stability as well as applications of porestructure of Nd-doped Al2O3 membranes at high temperature were discussed. The results show that Nd-doping can raise the transition temperature rom γ-Al203 to α-Al2O3, enhance the thermal stability of Al2O3 membranes, and evidently improve the pore-structural parameters of Al2O3 membranes applied at higher temperatures.     

Al含量对Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

通过向S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和高稳定性的Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂的异构化性能的影响, 并采用XRD, BET, FTIR, TPR, TG-DTA, NH₃-TPD和ICP手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够延迟ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解; Al能够增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃质量分数为2.5%时, Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最高, 正戊烷异构化收率可达60.02%, 选择性在98.2％以上.     

镍钼杂多酸制备NiMo/γ-Al2O3催化剂及硼、钴或镍改性氧化铝的影响（英文）

A hydrotreating NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst(12 wt% Mo and 1.1 wt% Ni) was prepared by impregnation of the support with the Anderson-type heteropolyoxomolybdate(NH4)4Ni(OH)6Mo6O18.Before impregnation of the support,it was modified with an aqueous solution of H3BO3,Co(NO3)2,or Ni(NO3)2.The catalysts were investigated using N2 adsorption,O2 chemisorption,X-ray diffraction,UV-Vis spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,temperature-programmed reduction,temperature-programmed desorption,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The addition of Co,Ni,or B influenced the Al2O3 phase composition and gave increased catalytic activity for 1-benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization(HDS).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the prior loading of Ni,Co or B increased the degree of sulfidation of the NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts.The highest HDS activity was observed with the NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with prior loaded Ni.     

In situ infrared spectroscopic analysis of the adsorption of aromatic carboxylic acids to TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and Ta2O5 from aqueous solutions

In situ infrared spectroscopy has been used to investigate the adsorption of a range of simple aromatic carboxylic acids from aqueous solution to metal oxides. Thin films of TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3 and Ta2O5 were prepared by evaporation of aqueous sols on single reflection ZnSe prisms. Benzoic acid adsorbed very strongly to ZrO2, in a bridging bidentate fashion, but showed only weak adsorption to TiO2 and Ta2O5. Substituted aromatic carboxylic acids; salicylic, phthalic and thiosalicylic, were found to adsorb to each metal oxide. Salicylic and phthalic acids adsorbed to the metal oxides via bidentate interactions, involving coordination through both carboxylate and substituent groups. Thiosalicylic acid adsorbed to the metal oxides as a bridging bidentate carboxylate with no coordination through the thiol substituent group.     

SnO2—Al2O3复合氧化物催化剂的一氧化氮选择催化还原性能

采用双股并流共沉淀方法制备的锡铝复合氧化物,对有氧条件C3H6选择还原NO反应有较高的催化活性和较宽的反应温度区间。具有最佳配比（Sn:Al(摩尔比）＝1：1.94）的锡铝复合氧化物样品,在反应温度350℃时可使NO转化率达71％,XRD、H2－TPR及NH3－TPD的研究结果表明,锡与铝难以形成氧化物固溶体, 而SnO2是以微晶形态分散于无定形的Al2O3上,Al2O3的中等强度酸性与SnO2微晶适度的氧化还原性能相结合,使锡铝复合氧化物具有较高的催化活性。     

镧系元素对Pd/Al2O3的修饰及其与丙烯腈气相加氢的关联

用浸渍法制备了镧系元素(Ce,La,Sm)修饰的低负载Pd(0.05 w.t%)/A l2O3催化剂,并应用于丙烯腈选择性加氢反应,实验结果表明:这种方法制备的催化剂对丙烯腈具有很好的选择性,镧系元素的添加大大促进了催化剂的活性和稳定性。XRD的测试结果表明稀土元素铈的添加减弱了Pd和载体A l2O3之间的相互作用,从而导致了Pd从载体表面游离出来。从TEM照片上可以看出催化剂颗粒尺寸的变化。XPS的测试结果表明用镧系元素修饰的Pd的结合能向较高能级发生了转移,从而使得钯被还原为零价。     

助剂对Pd/γ-Al2 O3催化剂上NO选择催化还原的影响

研究了含氧条件下钯催化剂上进行丙烯选择催化还原NO的反应,考察浸渍法制备的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中加入碱(土)金属或稀土氧化物助剂对NO转化率的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征及在氧化气氛中饱和吸附NO后的TPD研究.结果表明,助剂CeO2、 Li2O能较大幅度提高催化剂的低温活性,使NO的最高转化率增加1～3.5倍.Pd/CeO2-Al2O3、 Pd/Li2O-Al2O3催化剂有较高的Pd分散度及较强的NO解离吸附能力.并讨论了NO、 N2O、 NO2-和NO3-等吸附态物种在催化剂表面的形成及脱附特性对催化剂选择催化还原NO性能的影响.     

CO分子在不同类型Al2O3表面的吸附构型和电子结构

采用基于赝势平面波基组的密度泛函理论方法对CO分子在α-Al₂O₃（0001）以及γ-Al₂O₃的（100）、（110C）、（110D）表面上的吸附构型和电子结构进行系统研究.计算结果表明,CO倾向于选取C端吸附在表层Al原子上,并主要通过其5σ轨道与表面发生作用,吸附后部分电子从CO转移到底物,导致各Al₂O₃表面功函均发生不同程度的下降,与气相相比,吸附后CO分子的C-O伸缩振动频率均发生蓝移.通过对比CO在各表面上的吸附情况,可以看出CO可作为检测Al₂O₂不同类型表面活性中心的有效探针分子.     

Density functional theory study of the adsorption of formaldehyde on Pd4 and on Pd4/gamma-Al2O3 clusters

B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/6-31G(d)-restricted and -unrestricted calculations are employed to calculate energies and adsorption forms of formaldehyde adsorbed on planar and on tetrahedral Pd4 clusters and on a Pd4 cluster supported on Al10O15. Formaldehyde adsorbs on planar Pd4 in the eta(2)(C,O)-di-sigma adsorption mode, while on tetrahedral Pd4, it adsorbs in the eta(2)(C,O)-pi adsorption mode. The adsorption energy on planar Pd4 is -21.4 kcal x mol(-1), whereas for the tetrahedral Pd4 cluster, the adsorption energy is -13.2 kcal x mol(-1). The latter value is close to experimental findings (-12 to -14 kcal x mol(-1)). Adsorption of formaldehyde on Pd4 supported on an Al10O15 cluster leads essentially to the same result as that found for adsorption on the tetrahedral Pd4 cluster. Charge density analysis for the interaction between formaldehyde and the Pd4 clusters indicates strong backdonation in the eta(2) adsorption mode, leading to positive charge on the Pd4 cluster. NBO analysis shows that the highly coordinated octahedral aluminum atoms of Al10O15 donate electron density to the supported Pd4 cluster, while tetrahedral aluminum atoms with lower coordination number have acidic nature and therefore act as electron acceptors.     

并流淤浆混合法制备铜基甲醇合成催化剂及助剂Al2O3的作用研究

采用并流淤浆混合法制备了一系列具有不同铜锌铝比的铜基甲醇合成催化剂CuO/ZnO/Al2O3，测试了其催化性能(甲醇收率和CO转化率)及物相结构，并对该制备方法进行评价。Cu∶Zn∶Al摩尔比为4∶5∶1 的铜基催化剂显示了最好的催化活性。通过对催化剂前驱物煅烧过程进行DTA分析及对前驱物进行XRD分析表明， 催化剂前驱物的物相与Al2O3的量有关。当Al2O3的量较低时，前驱物的物相以(Cu0.3 Zn0.7)5(CO3)2(OH)6为主；当Al2O3的量较高时，前驱物中物相(Cu0.3Zn0.7)5(CO3)2(OH)6的量下降，而物相Cu2CO3(OH)2的量增加。物相(Cu0.3 Zn0.7)5(CO3)2(OH)6对终态催化剂的活性是十分有利的 。     

制备方法对负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体性能的影响

采用浸渍-沉淀法制备了负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体.采用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、差示扫描量热(DSC)和程序升温脱附等技术考察了浸渍方式和干燥方法对复合载体的表面性能、热稳定性和晶相结构的影响.结果表明,ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体中没有生成ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物或固溶体,纳米ZrO2仅负载在Al2O3的表面.微波干燥法制备的ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体的比表面积(158.7 m2/g)较大,最可几孔径为19.4 nm,ZrO2的粒度为4.2 nm,晶相结构为四方相ZrO2.微波诱导作用使ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体表面产生了新的酸碱中心,微波干燥法制备的ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体具有较强的热稳定性,在873~1 073 K范围内DSC曲线没有出现吸热峰,而其它干燥方法制备的复合载体在903~1 023 K范围内出现了较明显的吸热峰,表明复合载体表面的部分四方相ZrO2转变为单斜相ZrO2(m-ZrO2).对超声波处理过的复合载体进行微波干燥能进一步提高纳米ZrO2与Al2O3之间的相互作用,纳米粒子的粒度(3.4 nm)更小,分布更均匀,但没有改变ZrO2的晶相结构.     

钙改性的Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化甲醇裂解反应

采用共沉淀法制备了未改性的和Ca掺杂的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3样品,进一步用浸渍法制备了Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(Pd/CZA)和Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-CaO (Pd/CZACa)催化剂.运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、储氧量测定、CO化学吸附、NH3程序升温脱附、CO2程序升温脱附、...     

In situ studies of butyronitrile adsorption and hydrogenation on Pt/Al2O3 using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy

The adsorption and hydrogenation of butyronitrile (BN) in hexane on a 5% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst has been studied using in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. ATR-IR measurements were conducted on thin ( approximately 10 mum) films of catalyst deposited on Ge wave guides. Multivariate analysis involving classical lease-squares (CLS) and partial least-squares (PLS) modeling was used to aid in the interpretation of the spectroscopic data. During the adsorption of BN over a concentration range from 4 to 40 mM in hexane, no clear evidence for adsorbed N-bound end-on species could be detected. However, a feature at approximately 1635-1640 cm-1 indicated the presence of an adsorbed imine species, with the C=N group existing in a tilted configuration involving a strong degree of pi interaction with the surface. This assignment is bolstered by the detection of N-H stretching bands that are consistent with imine vibrations. This imine-type intermediate is very prominent and shows transient behavior in the presence of solution-phase hydrogen, suggesting that, once formed, it can be converted into amine products that adsorb on the catalyst surface. Evidence for amine formation was observed in the form of N-H stretching and NH2 bending vibrations, with assignments confirmed through comparison studies of butylamine adsorption under identical conditions. Comparisons between Pt/Al2O3 and Al2O3 suggest that there may be some adsorption of these amines on the support surface. The mechanistic implications with regard to heterogeneous nitrile hydrogenation on transition metals under mild conditions are briefly discussed in light of these findings.     

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy of the sulfuric acid anion adsorbed on Pd(S)-[n(111) x (111)] electrodes

Adsorption of the sulfuric acid anion (HSO4- or SO42-) has been studied on Pd(S)-[n(111) x (111)] electrodes (n = 2, 3, 5, 9, 20, infinity) using in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). A single band is observed around 1200 cm(-1) on all the electrodes. The band is assigned to the SO stretching vibration of the sulfuric acid anion adsorbed with three- or onefold geometry. This result differs from the case of Pt-stepped surfaces on which two IRAS bands are observed around 1200 and 1100 cm(-1). The maximum coverage of the sulfuric acid anion is enhanced with the increase of the terrace width. The surfaces with n more than 3 have similar IRAS band shifts (dv/dE). Pd-stepped surfaces, for which the terrace is wide enough for the anion adsorption, adsorb the anion on the terrace rather than the step.     

CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 的制备及其负载钯三效催化剂的催化性能

 采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同 Al2O3 含量的 CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(CZA) 氧化物,并用 X 射线衍射、激光拉曼光谱和 N2 吸附-脱附等手段进行了表征. 以 CZA 为载体, 采用浸渍法制得钯基催化剂. 结果表明, 当 Al2O3 含量为 80%时, 新鲜 CZA 样品中出现γ-Al2O3 相. 经 600 ºC 焙烧后, Al2O3 在 CZA 样品中的溶域值略小于 80%. 经 1 000 ºC 老化后, CZA 样品中 Al2O3 含量为 60%时, 才开始出现微弱 γ-Al2O3 相, 而其他氧化物物相结构稳定. 添加 Al2O3 后材料比表面积和储氧量明显增大. 随着 Al2O3 含量的增加, CZA 样品的储氧量由 336.2 增至 486.2 μmol/g, 表现出良好的抗高温老化性能. 当 Al2O3 含量为 40% 时, 新鲜催化剂对 C3H8 的起燃温度和完全转化温度分别为 238 和 292 ºC, 同时具有良好的温度特性和较宽的空燃比窗口.