胶束扫集毛细管电泳快速测定止咳露中的麻黄碱和可待因

采用胶束扫集毛细管电泳, 建立了快速测定止咳露中麻黄碱和可待因含量的方法, 并通过日间实验、柱间实验等对方法的稳定性进行了考察研究.胶束扫集电动色谱缓冲体系含60 mmol/L 十二烷基磺酸钠, 10 mmol/L NaH2PO4 (pH 2.20), 18%乙腈(V/V), 分离电压-14 kV, 测量波长200 nm. 讨论了pH、 SDS浓度、样品溶剂等对分离效果的影响. 在优化条件下, 麻黄碱和可待因均在5 min内出峰, 方法检出限(μg/mL)、线性范围(μg/mL)、相关系数分别为: 麻黄碱 0.433、 1.73～27.7、 0.9997, 可待因0.833、 3.33～50.3、 0.9996, 回收率在96.7%～103.5%之间. 峰面积日内RSD≤4.2% (n=5), 日间RSD≤8.0% (n=5), 柱间实验RSD≤2.3% (n=3).     

高效液相色谱法测定小儿化痰止咳颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的:测定小儿化痰止咳颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量.方法:采用高效液相色谱法.色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);乙腈-0.02%磷酸二氢钠溶液(含0.1%三乙胺,磷酸调pH 2.7)(5∶95)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长210 nm.结果:盐酸麻黄碱在0.2~4.0μg范围内具有良好线性关系,平均回收率为98.61%,RSD为0.97%.结论:该法可用于小儿化痰止咳颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量测定.     

溴甲酚绿分光光度法测定麻黄碱含量的研究

建立了溴甲酚绿分光光度法测定麻黄碱的方法。该方法最大吸收波长为620nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.78×104L.mol-1.cm-1,盐酸麻黄碱含量在20~120μg/mL范围内遵守比耳定律。用该法测定麻黄饮片及麻杏止咳片中的麻黄碱,平均回收率分别为98.9%、101.2%(n=3),相对标准偏差(RSD)<2.31%。方法简单、快速,适用于生药及产品的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定体液中麻黄碱和秋水仙碱

建立了血液与尿液中麻黄碱和秋水仙碱的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)的同时测定方法。血液与尿液样品经三氟乙酸-乙腈(1∶99)溶液提取后,用Waters Oasis(MCX固相萃取小柱进行净化,在XDB-C8柱上以甲醇-0.04%(体积分数)三氟乙酸(33+67)为流动相,采用电喷雾电离(ESI)在选择离子监测(SIM)模式下测定。定量分析离子:麻黄碱(m/z)166[M+H]+;秋水仙碱(m/z)400[M+H]+。麻黄碱和秋水仙碱在4.0~1 000.0和6.0~1 000.0μg.L-1范围内均呈线性关系,检出限分别为4.0和6.0μg.L-1,回收率在81.0%~109.0%范围内,其日内精密度<6.4%,日间精密度<9.9%。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时检测尿样中的麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-ESI MS/MS)联用方法,定量测定尿样中的麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱。样品经Oasis MCX柱提取、纯化和富集后,采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源电离,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式质谱进行定性和定量分析。麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱在0.0250~2.50 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数分别为0.9998和0.9992,提取回收率高于80%,提取效率的RSD小于5.0%,检出限均达到0.01 μg/L,可大大延长尿样检材中麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱的检测周期。结果表明,该方法快速、准确,为尿液中痕量麻黄碱和N-甲基麻黄碱的分析提供了灵敏的分析方法。     

阳离子选择性耗尽进样-胶束扫集法测定尿液中的麻黄碱和可待因

联用选择性耗尽进样和胶束扫集两种在线富集技术,建立了尿样中麻黄碱和可待因含量测定的灵敏方法,并通过日内、日间、柱间实验考察了方法的稳定性.胶束扫集电动色谱缓冲体系为80 mmol/L 十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)-20 mmol/L NaH2PO4(pH 2.20)-18%乙腈(V/V),分离电压-20 kV,进样电压10 kV,进样时间150 s,测量波长200 nm.同时讨论了pH值、SDS浓度、选择性耗尽进样萃取液电导、进样电压、进样时间和进水长度等对分离效果的影响.结果显示,方法富集功能很强,对麻黄碱和可待因含的富集倍数分别达5800和2490以上.在优化条件下,方法线性关系良好(r=0.9999),麻黄碱和可待因的线性范围分别为0.500～16.0 μg/L和2.00～48.0 μg/L,检出限分别为0.10和0.80 μg/L.方法稳定性良好,日内、日间和柱间的RSD分别为2.6%,5.9%和6.6%.应用于实际尿样分析,回收率在96.8%～106%之间,RSD≤4.7%,结果比较满意.     

GC法同时测定酚氨咖敏片中4种组分

建立了同时测定酚氨咖敏片中对乙酰氨基酚、氨基比林、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏4组分含量的毛细管气相色谱法。采用SE-30大口径毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm,1.0μm),柱温190℃,汽化室温度220℃,检测器为FID,检测温度250℃,载气为高纯N2,分流比为1∶6,内标为盐酸麻黄碱,以无水乙醇为溶剂,样品无需衍生化处理,直接进样测定。样品中各组分完全分离,辅料无干扰,对乙酰氨基酚、氨基比林、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在20~2000μg/mL、15~1500μg/mL、10~500μg/mL和20~100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),各组分的平均回收率在99.6%~101.2%范围内,RSD2%。     

高效液相色谱/荧光法测定血浆、红细胞与尿液中的硫胺素及其磷酸酯

建立了同时测定血浆、红细胞、尿液中硫胺素(T)、一磷酸硫胺素(TMP)、二磷酸硫胺素(TDP)的柱前衍生/反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法。样品经高氯酸除蛋白,铁氰化钾衍生后,采用反相色谱柱分离,荧光检测器测定,外标法定量。色谱柱为C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm i.d.),流动相为0.2 mol/L KH2PO4溶液(pH 7.0,含0.000 3 mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵)-甲醇和甲醇-水,采用梯度程序进行洗脱,流速为0.8mL/min。荧光检测器激发波长为365 nm,发射波长为435 nm。结果表明:T,TMP在0.5~20.0μg/L,TDP在5.0~200.0μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.99,0.98,0.99。T,TMP,TDP的平均回收率为86.8%~110.2%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.5%~10.9%。3种化合物在血浆及红细胞中的检出限(LODs)为0.03~0.35μg/L,定量下限(LOQs)为0.09~1.18μg/L。T在尿液中的检出限(LODs)为1.58μg/L,定量下限(LOQs)为5.26μg/L。该方法的准确度和精密度均较高,能够满足临床检测和科研需要。     

毛细管离子色谱法测定饮用水中的阴离子

研究了毛细管离子色谱法检测饮用纯净水、矿物质水及天然矿泉水中的7种无机阴离子(F–,Cl–,Br–,NO2–,NO3–,PO43–,SO42–)含量的方法。实验采用Ion Pac AS19 Capillary阴离子交换色谱柱(250 mm×0.4 mm,Thermo Fisher),以KOH溶液为淋洗液。测定7种阴离子的线性范围F–为10~1 000μg/L,Cl–为15~1 500μg/L,Br–,NO2–,NO3–为50~5 000μg/L,PO43–,SO42–为75~7 500μg/L,线性相关系数除PO43–为0.998外,均大于0.999,检出限为0.001~0.1μg/L,各离子加标回收率在94.53%~101.1%之间。用该法对实际水样进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=3)。该方法简单实用,适用于饮用水中常见阴离子的分析测定。     

HPLC法测定新疆红景天根中总黄酮的含量

建立测定红景天根中总黄酮含量的HPLC法。采用Thermo-C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,V(甲醇)∶V(0.4%H3PO4溶液)=50∶50为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长360 nm,柱温25℃。槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素的线性范围分别为O.0128~0.0384、0.24~0.48及0.12~0.44μg;平均回收率分别为106.30%(RSD=1.97%)、102.30%(RSD=1.69%)和100.90%(RSD=1.62%)。所建立的HPLC法可用于测定红景天属植物中总黄酮的含量。     

Continuous capillary electrophoresis with flow injection and its application for determination of Ephedrine and Pseudo-ephedrine in Chinese medicinal preparations

This article presents a new, simple and rapid continuous separation method by combination of flow injection with capillary electrophoresis designed for the analysis of basic traditional Chinese medicines. The device was produced using commercial capillary and components readily available in analytical laboratory. In double-T configuration, the designed horizontal separation channel was 25 microm i.d. x 146 mm length (an effective separation length of 93 mm) quartz capillary, with two vertical elicitation arms produced from 0.5 mm i.d. pump tubing. The capillary was embedded in a 40 x 20 x 3 mm organic glass base. Using the double-T configuration, continuous introduction of a series of samples was achieved. More than 3.00 resolution for ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine were obtained using 100 mm borate buffer (pH 9.80) within 8 min in 25 microm separation channel with an electrical field strength of 137 V/cm (UV detection at 215 nm). The linear calibration range was 50-1500 microg/mL (ephedrine, r = 0.9982; pseudo-ephedrine, r = 0.9990) for both analytes. The limits of detection were 2.65 micro g/mL for ephedrine and 2.92 microg/mL for pseudo-ephedrine. In this device, the contents of ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine in five Chinese medicinal preparations were determined with RSDs (n = 5) in range 1.16-4.51% and recoveries in range 90.4-114.6%.     

麻黄碱衍生噁唑烷类化合物的立体选择性合成

麻黄碱衍生噁唑烷类化合物是由麻黄生物碱和醛酮缩合而成的杂环化合物,它既比相应的麻黄碱碱性弱,脂溶性高,又比相应的醛、酮理化性质稳定,是比较有前途的麻黄碱类前体药物。我们利用麻黄生物碱和取代苯甲醛,立体选择性地合成出十一种噁唑烷类化合物(图1)。     

高效液相色谱法测定麻黄浸膏粉中麻黄类生物碱

采用高效液相色谱法分离了麻黄浸膏粉中去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱等 5种主要麻黄类生物碱。所用分离柱为HIQSILC18,流动相为含少量 (体积分数为 0 .2 % )甲醇的 0 .0 2mol L磷酸二氢钠溶液 (用HCl和三乙胺调至pH 3.2 )。 5种麻黄类生物碱在 2 5min内得到了有效分离、峰型对称且尖锐。     

Effect of Ephedrine and Its Derivatives in KML Cell Culture and on Tumor Strains of Animals

The cytotoxic activity and the ability to inhibit growth of experimental animal tumors of about 30 ephedrine and pseudoephedrine derivatives were studied in KML cell culture. It was found that the chemical structure and the biological activity are related. Four active chlorinated ephedrine and pseudoephedrine derivatives, including N-(-chloroethyl)- and N-nitroso-groups, were found in vitro and in vivo systems and may be promising for antitumor preparations.     

镇咳宁糖浆质量标准的研究

用RP -HPLC测定了镇咳宁糖浆中盐酸麻黄碱的含量 .色谱条件 :ShimadzuODS柱 (5 μm ,id 4 .6× 2 5 0mm) ,流动相为乙腈 /醋酸铵缓冲液 (pH 4 .5 ) (2 5 / 75 ,v/v) ,流速 1mL/min ,检测波长 2 5 7nm ,平均回收率 98.96 % ,RSD0 .35 % (n =9) ,最小检测限 0 .4 μg .     

Separation of Ephedrines Using 1—Butyl—3—methylimidazolium—tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids as Eluent in High—performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC）

A simple,effective HPLC method for separation of ephedrines was achieved by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid solution (0.1% v/v) as eluent at pH3.0. The involved mechanism may be due to that the imidazolium cations can effectively shield the silanol groups of alkylsilica surface,thereby decreasing band tainling and increasing the separation efficiency.     

Corey化学酶

Corey用小分子手性化合物作为催化剂来催化有机合成反应, 从前手性反应物合成具有高度光学活性的产物, 它们的绝对构型可从催化剂和反应物的构型预测。本文主要分三部分对Corey化学酶在有机不对称合成中的应用作一综述。     

Stereoselectivity of (−)-(1<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>,2<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol preparation

Stereoselectivity of reductive amination of (R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one by methylamine was studied. From the four isomers possible, only two are produced by this reaction. These are marked as (−)-(1R,2S)-ephedrine (desired product) and (+)-(1S,2R)-ephedrine. The reaction stereoselectivity depends both on the type of the catalyst and reaction conditions. The most suitable type is the supported platinum. However, this catalyst rapidly deactivates. With a decreasing activity of Pt catalyst, the stereoselectivity decreases. It is also decreased during the production of the second liquid phase (water) in the reaction mixture.     

毛细管电泳/发光二极管诱导荧光法测定麻黄中麻黄碱与伪麻黄碱含量

基于麻黄碱及伪麻黄碱衍生物的光谱及化学性质,设计并构建了毛细管电泳/发光二极管诱导荧光检测系统.对关键光学元件进行组合选择,以蓝光发光二极管为光源,BP 470和BP 530分别为光源滤光片和荧光滤光片,光电倍增管检测信号,并对电泳分离系统的缓冲溶液、分离电压等参数进行优化;以FITC为衍生试剂,10 mmol/L Na2B4O7+ 16 mmol/L SDS为缓冲溶液,12 kV电压下可实现麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的基线分离.在0.25～10 mg/L范围内,麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱标准溶液的质量浓度与荧光响应的峰高之间呈较好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99,其检出限分别为0.38 μg/L和0.29 μg/L,峰高的日内重复性(RSD)分别为2.0％和2.2％,日间重复性(RSD)分别为5.4％和5.1％.将该方法用于中药麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的测定,加标回收率分别为94％和107％.