镍促进CuO-CeO2催化剂的结构表征及低温CO氧化活性（英文）

制备了一系列CO低温氧化的Ce20Cu5NiyOx催化剂,并采用氮气低温物理吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱以及拉曼光谱等手段对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,Ce20Cu5Ni0.4Ox催化剂活性最高.NiO的添加可以使得较多的Cu物种掺杂到CeO2晶格中,通过形成铈镍固溶体产生更多的氧空位.表征结果显示,Ce20Cu5Ni0.4Ox催化剂中存在大量的Cu+,Ce3+及晶格氧,催化剂中的Cu+很容易进入到氧化铈晶格,形成Cu-O-Ce固溶体,从而增强了在还原气氛下晶格氧的释放能力.Ce20Cu5Ni0.4Ox催化剂高的催化活性主要归因于大量Cu+以及形成的Cu-O-Ce和Ni-O-Ce固溶体.     

Mn掺杂Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂同时去除碳烟和氮氧化物的性能

采用柠檬酸络合燃烧法制备了一系列x%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(x=0,5,10,15,30,50)复合金属氧化物催化剂,对其同时去除柴油机尾气中碳烟颗粒物(PM)和氮氧化物(NOx)反应的催化活性进行了评价,并采用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、H2-TPR、O2-TPD和原位漫反射红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)等技术对催化剂的性能进行了表征。结果表明,不同含量Mn掺杂入铈锆固溶体中均形成了三元固溶体催化剂,在同时去除PM和NOx的催化反应中,固溶体催化剂的催化活性与其氧化能力直接相关。其中30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂具有较好的同时去除PM和NOx的催化活性,催化去除PM的Ti和Tm分别为298和504℃,NO的转化率达到30.6%。结合O2-TPD和原位红外结果可知,30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2表面吸附的超氧物种(O2-)及其与NO反应生成的硝酸盐物种(NO3-)是同时去除PM和NO反应的主要活性物种,进而指出PM和NO在30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2表面反应过程中形成了异氰酸盐(-NCO)中间物种,在原位红外实验的基础上提出了30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2复合氧化物催化剂同时去除PM和NOx的反应机理。     

限域纳米空间制备高效HCl氧化CuO-CeO_2催化剂

利用KIT-6的有序介孔作为限域空间制备了一系列的介孔Cu O-Ce O2催化剂.借助XRD、BET、Raman、ESEM、TEM和H2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行表征,并考察其在HCl氧化反应中的催化性能.结果表明:铜含量35%时,Cu O物种高度分散在催化剂的表面或者进入Ce O2晶格,催化剂具有高比表面积(140 m2·g-1)和较小的晶粒尺寸,其中25Cu O-Ce O2催化剂具备最高的表面氧空位浓度和最优的低温氧化还原性能,并在HCl氧化反应中表现出最佳的催化活性,O2/HCl=6,370℃时转化率达到90%.反应动力学结果表明,25Cu O-Ce O2中更多的高分散的Cu O促进了HCl在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,更高浓度的氧空位增强了氧分子的吸附和活化.     

A位离子掺杂种类对La_(0.7)M_(0.3)Ni_(0.7)Fe_(0.3)O_3(M=Pr,Y,Sr,Zr,Ce)催化性能的影响

以聚苯乙烯胶晶(PS)为模板剂,用共沉淀法分别制备了La0. 7M0. 3Ni0. 7Fe0. 3O3(M=Pr、Y、Sr、Zr和Ce)钙钛矿复合氧化物,以乙醇水蒸气重整反应为探针,探讨了A位离子掺杂种类对La0. 7M0. 3Ni0. 7Fe0. 3O3催化活性、选择性以及积碳性能的影响。结果表明,掺杂离子均能进入了La Ni0. 7Fe0. 3O3钙钛矿晶格中,掺杂离子种类影响其晶相结构,掺杂Ce离子的样品产生较多的晶格缺陷,表面结构疏松,孔道丰富,表面吸附较多的活性氧物种,比表面积和孔径均较大。A位掺杂后钙钛矿复合氧化物还原温度有所降低,同时掺杂种类影响金属中心的形成,掺杂Ce离子的样品在还原过程中产生较多的金属中心。乙醇重整制氢反应的活性和抗积碳性能取决于样品表面活性氧物种和还原过程中产生的金属中心,表面活性氧物种协同金属中心有利于提高钙钛矿复合氧化物的活性和稳定性。     

Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能的研究

采用一次浸渍法分别制备了 Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ及Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2整体式蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,考察了不同温度焙烧的两类整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、比表面积、拉曼光谱(Raman)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、PdO分散度等表征结果与催化活性进行关联.结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂比表面积下降,Raman图谱CeO2及PdO峰强度增加,H2-TPR中Ce4+还原峰向高温方向移动,同时PdO分散度下降,相应甲苯催化氧化活性下降.与CeO0.8Zr0.2O2涂层催化剂相比,La3+掺杂催化剂在高温焙烧时,其比表面积下降较小,Raman光谱表明其氧缺位比铈锆涂层催化剂多,H2TPR谱图中Ce4+还原峰低约60～80℃,PdO分散度亦比末掺杂催化剂高.1000℃焙烧下的甲苯氧化反应活性远高于未掺杂催化剂,说明镧的掺杂提高了铈锆涂层催化剂的高温反应活性及热稳定性.     

Zr掺杂对La（Ba）ZrxCo1-xO3-δ钙钛矿催化N2O分解性能的影响（英文）

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Zr掺杂的钴基钙钛矿La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ,并将其用于航天推进剂领域的高浓度N2O催化分解反应.发现Zr的引入明显提高了钙钛矿La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ的催化活性,尤其是当Zr掺杂量分别为0.05和0.2时,LaZrxCo1-xO3-δ和BaZrxCo1-xO3-δ催化剂性能较为优异.应用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原、O2程序升温脱附和氧脉冲吸附技术表征了Zr掺杂对La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ催化剂的物化性质的影响.结果表明,Zr掺杂增大了钴基钙钛矿的比表面积,改善了晶格结构,从而提高了钴物种的还原及氧吸附脱附能力,因而催化剂上N2O分解活性增加.     

改性二氧化钛负载贵金属Ru催化剂催化降解苯胺溶液

苯胺类废水污染物具有结构复杂、浓度高、不易生物降解、生物毒性大等特点,传统的苯胺降解措施存在着许多弊端,很难达到排放标准.催化湿法氧化技术(CWAO)主要针对降解高浓度难降解的有机废水,表现出降解效率高、反应时间短、对生物毒性物质的废水降解效果良好等优点,越来越受到人们的重视.但催化剂在使用过程中,需要在高温高压下进行,且有机物降解产生了有机酸,使得催化剂的活性组分流失和载体的物理化学性质发生变化,导致其催化活性下降.因此,需要开发出一种降解活性高,性能稳定的催化剂成为此技术在工业中广泛应用的关键.本文采用溶胶凝胶法对二氧化钛进行改性,制备了Ti0.9Zr0.1O2和Ti0.9Ce0.1O2载体,采用过量浸渍法将三氯化钌负载到载体表面制备了2%Ru/Ti0.9Zr0.1O2和2%Ru/Ti0.9Ce0.1O2催化剂.在高温高压反应条件下,以苯胺为催化湿法氧化污染物,对不同催化剂湿法降解苯胺进行比较研究,系统地探究了催化降解的反应温度和反应压力对苯胺降解的影响.此外,利用HPLC-MS鉴定出催化降解产生的中间产物,确定了催化降解的反应路径图.在改性的催化剂中,2%Ru/Ti0.9Zr0.1O2催化剂表现出最高的催化降解活性和稳定性.在初始苯胺浓度4 g/L,催化剂浓度4 g/L,反应温度180℃,O2压力1.5 MPa下,反应时间5 h后,苯胺完全转化,COD转化率达88.3%.并且催化剂进行三次循环试验后,苯胺转化率仍接近100%.X射线衍射和N2物理吸附结果表明,Ce,Zr掺杂到TiO2晶格中形成了共溶体,其晶格尺寸更小,比表面积和孔体积更大.负载贵金属后,并未出现其他晶相,说明贵金属均匀分散在载体表面.透射电镜结果表明,贵金属负载在改性TiO2上表现出较好的分散性和较小的颗粒尺寸,为催化降解苯胺提供更多的催化活性位点,而Ru/TiO2催化剂表面,贵金属发生团聚现象且颗粒尺寸大.X射线光电子能谱结果表明,Ce,Zr的掺杂使得TiO2表面活性氧和四价Ru的含量增加,更多的表面活性氧成为催化降解苯胺的直接原因.H2程序升温还原结果表明,在300?400oC处还原峰对应于催化剂载体晶格氧的还原,改性后,其还原峰增至2倍,即使在贫氧环境下,改性催化剂可以及时从载体中释放晶格氧,为催化降解苯胺提供更多的活性氧.     

铝掺杂对铜铈复合氧化物催化一氧化碳氧化性能的影响

以金属硝酸盐为原料、碳酸钠为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAlxOy复合氧化物催化剂,并用低温氮气吸附/脱附、X-射线衍射(XRD)和氢-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等对样品进行了表征,利用微反-色谱评价装置考察了催化剂对CO低温氧化反应的活性,研究了Al含量(x=0～0.3)和催化剂焙烧温度(350、500和650℃)对Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAxOy催化活性的影响。结果表明,随着催化剂中Al含量(x)的增加,Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAlxOy的催化活性先提高,至x=0.1时达到最大,之后又逐渐降低;当催化剂的焙烧温度为500℃时,Cu0.1Ce0.8Al0.1Oy的催化活性最大。Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAlxOy的催化活性与其CuO的还原性之间有较好的对应关系。     

镧、铈对Pt, In/Al2O3催化剂选择性还原NO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法(SG)制备了掺杂少量La或Ce的Pt/Al2O3贵金属催化剂和In2O3/Al2O3氧化物催化剂, 并考察了La或Ce对催化剂的比表面和晶相结构和丙烯在这些催化剂上选择性还原NO的活性. 结果表明, 掺杂少量的La或Ce, 可以改变催化剂的热稳定性, 富氧条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO的反应中, La或Ce的掺杂对催化活性和催化活性温度窗口没有明显改善.     

高比表面CexTi1-xO2催化剂的结构表征及其HCl催化氧化性能

以硝酸铈,硫酸钛为前驱体,用氨水共沉淀法制备了一系列CexTi1-xO2催化剂.利用XRD、Raman、N2吸附-脱附、H2-TPR对催化剂进行了表征并考察了其催化HCl氧化制Cl2的性能.结果表明:复合氧化物较CeO2和TiO2更加分散甚至高度弥散,大大增加了其比表面积,最高可达170.5 m2·g-1,同时CeO2与TiO2之间的相互作用显著提高了其可还原氧物种数目,改善了其氧化还原性能.催化反应结果表明,复合氧化物的活性较CeO2和TiO2显著提升,Ce0.1Ti0.9O2表现出了良好的氯化氢催化氧化能力和较好的催化稳定性,在430℃时氯气产率可以达到0.90 gCl2·gcat-1·h-1,反应60 h后,氯气产率稳定在0.76 gCl2·gcat-1·h-1.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.