异双核配合物金属胶束模拟磷酸酯酶催化磷酸单酯水解

 合成和表征了四种含过渡金属离子Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的草酰胺桥联异双核配合物,并将这些配合物与Brij35表面活性剂胶束构成金属胶束作为金属水解酶模拟物用于催化对硝基苯酚磷酸单酯(NPP)水解. 研究了金属胶束对NPP水解反应的催化机理,建立了异双核配合物催化NPP水解的动力学数学模型. 结果表明,四种草酰胺桥联异双核配合物在NPP水解反应中表现出较高的催化活性,随着胶束溶液pH的增大,配合物催化NPP水解的速率提高. 配合物中的两个金属离子在催化NPP水解过程中表现出较好的协同效应.     

在CTAB胶束中羟乙基-双胺类Zn(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ)配合物催化PNPP水解反应

本文将合成的三种配体与二价金属离子Zn(Ⅱ)，Ni(Ⅱ)形成配合物，在25℃不同pH值时，研究了它们在CTAB胶束溶液中催化水解PNPP的反应。利用金属胶束催化的三元复合物模型，处理获得了相关的PNPP催化水解反应的动力学参数及热力学参数。结果表明：在PNPP催化水解中，活性物种为配体与金属离子形成l：2的双核金属配合物。不同金属配合物的催化活性与配合物的桥联基团及反应的微环境相关。     

聚醚桥连二异羟肟酸双核配合物催化PNPP水解的反应动力学

 合成了4种聚醚桥连二异羟肟酸双核配合物,并将其用于催化α-吡啶甲酸对硝基苯酯(PNPP)水解反应,研究了聚醚桥连二异羟肟酸双核配合物催化PNPP水解反应的动力学和机理,提出了配合物催化PNPP水解的动力学模型. 结果表明, 在25 ℃条件下,随着缓冲溶液pH值的增大, 聚醚桥连二异羟肟酸双核配合物催化PNPP水解速率逐渐提高,表现出很高的催化活性. 根据阿累尼乌斯公式和不同温度下的表观一级常数,求出了水解反应的表观活化能.     

草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物金属胶束催化BNPP水解的动力学和机理研究

合成了草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物(RCu2(H2O)2(ClO4)2)(A)和(R′Cu2(H2O)2(ClO4)2)(B)。研究了A、B与表面活性剂LSS和CTAB形成的金属胶束催化二(对硝基苯酚)磷酸二酯(BNPP)水解机理,建立了动力学模型。结果表明在25℃、pH=7的条件下,该类金属胶束对BNPP水解有催化作用,BNPP催化水解速率比其自水解速率提高1×106倍,这是由于双核铜配合物中两个铜离子的协同作用、表面活性剂胶束的浓聚效应和pH效应所致。因此含双水的草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物金属胶束是一较好的磷酸二酯水解酶的模拟模型。     

草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物金属胶束催化PNPA水解反应动力学

研究了草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物和不同表面活性剂胶束组成的金属胶束催化PNPA水解的动力学特征。结果表明：金属胶束催化PNPA水解为双分子反应；不同配体结构的配合物的催化活性不同；三种不同类型表面活性剂胶束对催化PNPA水解的影响也不同。     

Schiff碱钴(Ⅱ)配合物催化PNPP水解研究

摘要：两种分别带吗啉侧基和氮杂冠醚侧基的Schiff碱钴(Ⅱ)配合物CoL¹ 和CoL²，作为模拟水解金属酶，用于羧酸酯（PNPP）的催化水解。通过对水解反应体系的特性吸收光谱的分析，表明在PNPP催化水解的反应过程中形成了由PNPP和Co(Ⅱ)配合物组成的关键中间体。在分析特性吸收光谱的基础上提出了PNPP的催化水解的机理，由此机理上建立了PNPP催化水解的动力学数学模型。在本文中讨论缓冲溶液酸度、配合物结构以及反应温度对配合物催化PNPP水解速率的影响。     

金属胶束催化对硝基苯酚吡啶甲酸酯水解的动力学研究

合成了两种大环过渡金属配合物NiR和CuR(R表示高氯酸-5,7,7,12,14,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷),将NiR和CuR分别与表面活性剂正月桂酸肌氨酸组成金属胶束,并以其为模拟水解金属酶用于催化对硝基苯酚吡啶甲酸酯(PNPP)水解.特征光谱分析表明,在催化PNPP水解过程中形成了由Ni(Ⅱ)或Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与PNPP组成的中间物种,并由此提出了催化PNPP水解的机理,建立了用于计算动力学常数的动力学模型.     

氮杂冠醚化单Schiff碱锰(III)配合物催化PNPP水解研究

将4种氮杂冠醚或吗啉取代的单Schiff碱锰(III)配合物作为仿水解酶模型催化α-吡啶甲酸对硝基苯酯(PNPP)水解。考察了单Schiff碱配体中取代基类型、氮杂冠醚取代的位置对其仿水解酶性能的影响;探讨了Schiff配合物催化PNPP水解的动力学和机理;提出了配合物催化PNPP水解的动力学模型。结果表明,在25℃条件下随着缓冲溶液pH值的增大,配合物催化PNPP水解速率提高,氮杂冠醚化单Schiff碱锰(III)配合物在催化PNPP水解反应中表现出良好的催化活性,Schiff碱配体结构显著影响配合物催化活性。     

氮杂冠醚化双Schiff碱配合物催化羧酸酯水解的研究

将4种氮杂冠醚取代的双Schiff碱钴(H)、锰(m)配合物作为仿水解酶模型催化羧酸酯(PNPP)水解.考察了Schiff碱配合物中氮杂冠醚取代的位置、氮杂冠醚的数目对其仿水解酶性能的影响;探讨了Schiff配合物催化PNPP水解的动力学和机理;提出了配合物催化PNPP水解的动力学模型.结果表明,在25℃条件下随着缓冲溶液pH值的增大,配合物催化PNPP水解速率提高;四种氮杂冠醚取代的双Schiff碱配合物在催化PNPP水解反应中表现出良好的催化活性;氮杂冠醚3-取代的Schiff碱配合物CoL2的催化活性高于5-取代的Schiff碱配合物CoL1,含有2个氮杂冠醚的配合物CoL3的催化活性高于含有1个氮杂冠醚的配合物CoL2.     

草酰胺桥联大环二羰四胺Cu(Ⅱ)-M(Ⅱ)(M=Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn)异双核配合物的合成与表征

合成了四种新型具有草酰胺桥联大环二羰四胺结构Cu(Ⅱ ) -M(Ⅱ ) (M =Mn ,Ni,Cu ,Zn)的双核配合物 ,并用元素分析 ,红外光谱 ,紫外光谱 ,摩尔电导 ,热重分析 ,室温磁矩等手段对其进行了结构表征 .经研究推定 ,此配合物具有草酰胺桥联结构 ,Cu(Ⅱ )处于平面正方场M(Ⅱ )处于八面体场中 .室温磁矩测定表明通过草酰胺桥联配体金属离子间有一定的反铁磁性自旋偶合相互作用     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.