化学专业本科生创新能力培养的探索与实践

化学是一门实践性很强的学科,因此,在化学专业人才培养的教育中实施大学生科研训练计划尤为重要,是培养学生创新精神与实践能力、提高学生综合素质的重要环节。本文介绍了浙江大学化学专业本科生科研训练计划实施的实践和取得的成效。     

由香茅醛合成薄荷呋喃反应研究——南开大学本科生创新科研“百项工程”的实践

南开大学为了提高本科生培养质量,促进理论教学与科研实践相结合,在全校范围内开展了本科生创新科研“百项工程”项目。化学学院结合本学科自身特点,引导学生积极参加科研创新实践教学环节,取得了良好的教学效果。介绍了在本科生创新科研“百项工程”项目中以香茅醛为原料合成薄荷呋喃的新方法和“百项工程”的具体实施过程。     

通过校际协作促进化学教育改革--选用《近代化学导论》的体会

广西师范大学化学化工学院与南开大学化学学院建立了化学教育改革协作关系,成立了教育改革协作组.参考南开大学化学学院的教育改革计划,广西师大以新建的应用化学专业作为改革试点单位,于2002年秋季开始执行改革的新教学计划.大一化学课程选用<近代化学导论>作为教材,试行单独课程的全面改革.     

大学生创新创业训练计划助推化学专业双创育人

以四川大学化学学院大学生创新创业训练计划为例,从学生创新创业理念培养、教育条件支撑建设和制度保障完善三个方面简要介绍以大学生创新创业训练计划为突破口的双创教育模式。本文剖析了四川大学化学学院2015–2019年大创实施成效,探讨了大学生创新创业训练计划实施过程中存在的不足,结合线上主题问卷调查结果进一步指出了今后改进的方向。     

化学专业公费师范生第二课堂建设的探索和实践——以北京师范大学化学学院卓越化学教师社团为例

北京师范大学化学学院对化学专业公费师范生的培养目标是面向全国各级各类中学培养卓越化学教师。但目前公费师范生培养存在低年级公费师范生主动摄取教师教育知识的意愿不强,高年级公费师范生无法快速适应自身从学生向职前教师的角色转变等问题。通过将北京师范大学化学学院卓越化学教师社团纳入公费师范生第二课堂,针对不同年级的学生开展分类别的、有针对性的教师教育活动,以实现“一、二课堂”互通共融,协同育人。2018至2019学年期间卓越化学教师社团活动的开展情况及有关成效,证明这种形式符合北京师范大学化学学院对公费师范生的培养要求,有助于在第一课堂学习的基础上提升公费师范生的各项能力。这种把社团作为第二课堂培养公费师范生的形式,对培养各专业公费师范生均具有一定的参考价值。     

如何从化学学科的角度理解化学生物学的内涵

化学生物学作为一个新兴的交叉学科,已经引起了我国各个高校化学院系密切关注,为了顺应这一新学科发展的需要,众多高校纷纷建立与化学生物学学科相关的实验室或研究组,并开始招收化学生物学专业的本科生和研究生。但是,有关化学生物学的基本知识结构仍然不清楚,化学、生物学和药学家对于化学生物学内容的理解均本着本学科相关的一些方面,侧重点各不相同。因此,本文从化学学科的角度对目前化学生物学的研究内容、化学生物学学科的建立以及化学生物学的定义进行讨论。     

加强基地建设培养高层次优秀化学人才

南开大学化学专业于 1 991年首批被批准为“国家理科化学基础科学研究和教学人才培养基地”。 1 994年通过了原国家教委的中期检查评估。 1 997年《人民日报》发表了“强化理论基础 ,锻炼动手能力 ,南开大学化学基地培养高素质人才”的报道。 1 999年在教育部验收评估中 ,评为优秀。 9年来 ,我们始终坚持“改革领先 ,成果突出 ,师资优化 ,设备先进 ,教学优秀 ,质量一流”的基地建设目标和把基地学生培养成“基础厚、知识广、能力强、素质高”的高层次优秀化学人才的基地人才培养目标 ,在基地建设上取得了显著成效。基地教学条件大大改善 ,教…     

化学生物学实验课程体系的建立

将化学学科教师的学术研究与本科生的化学生物学实验课程建设紧密结合,建立化学生物学创新实验课程体系。     

英文课程"药物分析中的分离技术"教学有感

英文课程"药物分析中的分离技术"是南开大学化学学院为本科生开设的专业选修课。在授课过程中,将南开大学有效教学团队引入的有效教学O-AMAS模型融入到课程的教学中,践行了"学以致用,用以促学,学用相长"的教学理念。     

药学专业综合化学科研训练课程体系的建设与实践

针对药学专业本科生在课内教学中进行科研训练存在的相关问题,依托综合化学实验课程,从课程设置、训练目标、训练内容和训练指导编写等几个方面,阐述了药学专业综合化学科研训练课程体系的建设方法和实践成效。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.