ZrO2晶相对ZnO/ZrO2+SAPO-34双功能催化剂上合成气制烯烃反应的影响

烯烃是重要的化工原料,目前主要通过石油催化裂化得到.随着石油资源的消耗以及人们对烯烃需求的日益增长,开发非石油路线制取烯烃势在必行.合成气可以从煤、天然气和生物质等获得,由合成气作为重要的C1平台分子一步制取烯烃(STO)的过程受到了广泛关注.将合成气制甲醇/二甲醚的金属催化剂与甲醇制烯烃的分子筛催化剂耦合得到的混合双...     

四氟乙烯齐聚体的反应——ⅤⅢ.2-(1''''-烯丙氧基)四氟乙基-3-三氟甲基-3-五氧乙基全氟-1-戊烯分子内[2+2]环化加成反应

氟烯烃分子间的[2+2]环化加成及氟烯烃和烯基化合物分子间的[2+2]环加成早有很好的总结。近年来,比较复杂的氟烯分子间的环化加成及其反应机理的研究也有很好的介绍,但有关分子的内[2+2]环化加成却很少报道。Brook 最近研究了1,3,4,5,6,7,8-     

新型后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂－－镍系烯烃聚合催化剂*

镍系烯烃聚合催化剂是近年来受到广泛关注的一类新型催化剂,是配位催化研究的热点之一。这类催化剂具有高催化活性、单活性中心和良好的分子剪栽性,可以在分子层次上实现烯烃聚合的分子设计与组装。本文介绍了镍系烯烃聚合催化剂的发展和研究概况,并评述了聚合特性及最新研究进展。     

新型后过滤金属烯烃聚合催化剂——镍系烯烃聚合催化剂

镍系烯烃聚合催化剂是近年来受到广泛关注的一类新型催化剂，是配位催化研究的热点之一。这类催化剂具有高催化活性、单活性中心和良好的分子剪栽性，可以在分子层次上实现烯烃聚合的分子设计与组装。本文介绍了镍系烯烃聚合催化剂的发展和研究概况，并评述了聚合特性及最新研究进展。     

烯烃聚合钯催化剂研究进展

综述了烯烃聚合钯催化剂的研究进展,烯烃聚合钯催化剂的配体类型有膦配体、氮配体、碳配体、氧配体、氮-氧配体、膦-氧配体、氮-膦配体等。与齐格勒-纳塔催化剂和茂金属催化剂相比,烯烃聚合钯催化剂具有高催化活性、单活性中心和良好的分子剪裁性等优点,可在分子层次上实现烯烃聚合的分子设计与组装;与铁、钴、镍等后过渡金属催化剂相比,烯烃聚合钯催化剂具有反应条件较温和、催化活性和立体选择性较高的优势。     

新型烯烃聚合催化剂研究进展

由于过渡金属催化剂在烯烃聚合方面具有高活性和良好的分子剪裁性,通过调节催化剂的微结构或温度、压力等聚合环境的变化,可以在分子层次上实现烯烃聚合物的分子设计与组装,实现聚合物物理性质的调控,最近引起了人们的广泛关注。本文介绍了过渡金属催化剂的合成及其负载化,水相烯烃聚合及活性聚合等方面的研究进展。     

单烯烃分子结构有限元方法及定量结构-沸点相关性研究

按照有限元方法, 将烯烃分子中的“C—C”单键和“C＝C”双键当作两种不同的线性杆元处理, 构建单烯烃分子的刚度矩阵, 连同质量矩阵求解相应的特征方程, 得到单烯烃分子的结构特征参量——固有频率, 将其用于定量结构-沸点预测模型, 对150个单烯烃分子的沸点实验测定值进行多元回归分析, 结果表明, 单烯烃分子结构与沸点性质间存在高相关性, 说明该方法是合理可行的.     

单烯烃密度和分子拓扑参量的定量关系

根据分子的结构特点，提出了可反映单烯烃分子大小、支化度和形状等结构信息的一组拓扑参量。在此基础上，用多元回归分析建立了这组拓扑参量和单烯烃密度的定量关系。     

[2+2]环加成反应机理的理论研究

[2+2]环加成反应是有机化学中非常重要的一类反应,其机理的研究一直是实验和理论工作者关注的课题之一。本文从理论的角度综述了三类[2+2]环加成反应的反应机理,即简单烯烃或炔烃参与的环加成反应、累积双键体系参与的环加成反应以及稀土钍化合物参与的环加成反应, 得出对于简单的烯烃或炔烃之间的环加成反应一般是按双自由基机理进行,而其他两类反应主要按协同或两性离子方式进行,并且从前线分子轨道作用理论角度分析了产生不同反应机理的原因。     

改进的Huckel分子轨道方法 Ⅸ.直链交替烯烃MHMO能级通式

我们曾就直链交替烯烃探讨了Huckel分子轨道方法的改进方案,通过对逐个分子直接解行列式方程得到了令人满意的结果.本文给出一个计算能级的通式. 直链交替烯烃能级通式唐敖庆、徐光宪曾用差分方程法与图形理论得到以下两个公式:     

Formal and standard ruthenium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,6-diynes to alkenes: a mechanistic density functional study

"Formal" and standard Ru(II)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes 1 to alkenes gave bicyclic 1,3-cyclohexadienes in relatively good yields. The neutral Ru(II) catalyst was formed in situ by mixing equimolecular amounts of [Cp*Ru(CH3CN)3]PF6 and Et4NCl. Two isomeric bicyclic 1,3-cyclohexadienes 3 and 8 were obtained depending on the cyclic or acyclic nature of the alkene partner. Mechanistic studies on the Ru catalytic cycle revealed a clue for this difference: (a) when acyclic alkenes were used, linear coupling of 1,6-diynes with alkenes was observed giving 1,3,5-trienes 6 as the only initial reaction products, which after a thermal disrotatory 6e-pi electrocyclization led to the final 1,3-cyclohexadienes 3 as probed by NMR studies. This cascade process behaved as a formal Ru-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition. (b) With cyclic alkenes, the standard Ru-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition occurred, giving the bicyclic 1,3-cyclohexadienes 8 as reaction products. A complete catalytic cycle for the formal and standard Ru-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of acetylene and cyclic and acyclic alkenes with the Cp*RuCl fragment has been proposed and discussed based on DFT/B3LYP calculations. The most likely mechanism for these processes would involve the formation of ruthenacycloheptadiene intermediates XXIII or XXVII depending on the alkene nature. From these complexes, two alternatives could be envisioned: (a) a reductive elimination in the case of cyclic alkenes 7 and (b) a beta-elimination followed by reductive elimination to give 1,3,5-hexatrienes 6 in the case of acyclic alkenes. Final 6e-pi electrocyclization of 6 gave 1,3-cyclohexadienes 3.     

Recent advances in "formal" ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions of diynes to alkenes

"Formal" and standard RuII-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes to alkenes gave bicyclic 1,3-cyclohexadienes in relatively good yields. When terminal 1,6-diynes 1 were used, two isomeric bicyclic 1,3-cyclohexadienes 4 or 6 were obtained, depending on the acyclic or cyclic nature of the alkene partner. When unsymmetrical substituted 1,6-diynes 7 were used, the reaction with acyclic alkenes took place regio- and stereoselectively to afford bicyclic 1,3-cyclohexadienes 8. A cascade process that behaves as a "formal" RuII-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition explained these results. Initially, a Ru-catalyzed linear coupling of 1,6-diynes 1 and 7 with acyclic alkenes occurs to give open 1,3,5-trienes of type 3, which after a thermal disrotatory 6e(-) pi-electrocyclization led to the final 1,3-cyclohexadienes 4 and 8. When disubstituted 1,6-diyne 10 was used with electron-deficient alkenes, new exo-methylene cyclohexadienes 12 arose from a competitive reaction pathway.     

Triethylborane-induced hydrogermylation of alkenes with tri-2-furylgermane

Tri-2-furylgermane in the presence of a catalytic amount of triethylborane adds to internal alkenes as well as to terminal alkenes effectively, giving the corresponding adducts in good to excellent yields. The addition of tri-2-furylgermane to silyl enol ethers followed by elimination of germyl and siloxy moieties provides a new route for the conversion of ketones into alkenes.     

Stereoselective |2+2| photocycloaddition of chiral 2(5H)-furanones to alkenes

The steric and stereoelectronic dependence of the diastereoselectivity in the photochemical |2+2| cycloaddition of chiral 2(5H)-furanones to alkenes is investigated to prepare eventually cyclobutanic natural products. It is shown that the alkenes approach to different chiral 5-substituted 2(5H)-furanones mainly by the less hindered side.     

Synthesis of dihydrofurans containing trifluoromethyl ketone and heterocycles by radical cyclization of fluorinated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with 2-thienyl and 2-furyl substituted alkenes

Manganese(III) acetate based radical cyclization of various fluorinated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with 2-thienyl and 2-furyl substituted alkenes produced 3-trifluoroacetyl and 2-trifluoromethyl-dihydrofurans in good yields. The radical cyclizations of 2-methyl-5-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl]furan 2b and 2-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl]thiophene 2c led to the formations of 5-(5-methyl-2-furyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran and 5-(2-thienyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran, respectively. In the reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyls with alkenes, 2-thienyl substituted alkenes formed 4,5-dihydrofurans in higher yields than 2-furyl substituted alkenes.     

Palladium-catalyzed furylation and thienylation of activated alkenes with 2-furoyl chloride and 2-thenoyl chloride

2-Furoyl or 2-thenoyl chlorides readily react with activated alkenes in the presence of a tertiary amine and a catalytic amount of palladium(II) acetate to give 2-furylated or 2-thienylated alkenes. Under similar conditions, 2-benzofuroyl chloride undergoes facile alkenylation to produce 2-alkenylated benzofurans. The reaction involves a highly efficient decarbonylation of furoyl or thenoyl-palladium species.     

Synthesis and unusual [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions of ethyl 4-chloro-2-oxobut-3-ynoate with unactivated alkenes

The highly activated acetylenes, ethyl 4-chloro-2-oxobut-3-ynoate and ethyl 4-bromo-2-oxobut-3-ynoate, were prepared from readily available bis(trimethylstannyl)acetylene in two steps with high overall yield. An unusual ability of the former to furnish [2+2]-cycloadducts with 1,1-disubstituted alkenes in the absence of irradiation and catalysts was discovered. The cycloaddition of ethyl 4-chloro-2-oxobut-3-ynoate to the 1,2-disubstituted alkenes was shown to be effectively catalyzed with stannic chloride.     

Tf2NH-catalyzed,highly regio-and stereo-selective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes and indane derivatives from benzylic alcohols and alkenes

A reaction of benzylic alcohols with alkenes has been developed in the presence of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide for the synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes and indane derivatives with high stereoselectivity.In general,benzylic alcohols react with 1,1-diaryl alkenes to afford trisubstituted alkenes,and the reaction with 1,2-disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes affords indane derivatives through a [3 + 2] annulation reaction.     

Electrocatalytic formal [2+2] cycloaddition reactions between anodically activated enyloxy benzene and alkenes

Electrocatalytic formal [2+2] cycloadditions between anodically activated enyloxy benzene and alkenes have been accomplished in a lithium perchlorate/nitromethane electrolyte solution. The enyloxy benzene moiety of these electrolytic substrates played an important role in the formation of a radical cation that could accept nucleophilic alkenes, followed by intramolecular electron transfer between the cyclobutane and phenyl ether moieties of the intermediates.     

Isomerization of alkenes in the presence of Pd(acac)2-BF3OEt2 catalytic system

Positional isomerization of alkenes was studied in the presence of Pd(acac)₂ + 20BF₃OEt₂ catalytic system. The reactivity of alkenes decreases in the following order: 1-hexene > 1-heptene > 2-methyl-1-pentene > 4-methyl-2-pentene (cis + trans).