非理想LnBa2Cu3O7-y单晶的输运特性

在LnBa₂Cu₃O_7-y单晶上的一系列实验事实表明:体内存在的结构不完整性和组成不均匀性都对其正常态电阻率、正常-超导转变行为、超导临界温度,以及临界电流等产生重要影响。作者认为:与单相多晶LnBa₂Cu₃O_7-y样品相类似,非理想的单晶体也存在着超导玻璃态效应。 关键词：     

R_(1-x)Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O(7-δ)超导T_c与稀土离子半径的关系

实验研究了R_(1-x)Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)系列的超导T_c和正常态电阻率,其中R=Nd,Dy,Tm,Yb和Lu。实验结果表明,Pr的部分替代导致超导T_c的抑制,其T_c抑制速率、临界Pr浓度X_(cr)和正常态电阻率与R三价离子半径之间有着密切相关。这个离子尺寸效应的起因可能与PrBa_2Cu_3O(7-δ)晶胞团的形成有关。     

R1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-δ超导Tc与稀土离子半径的关系

实验研究了R_(1-x)Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)系列的超导T_c和正常态电阻率,其中R=Nd,Dy,Tm,Yb和Lu。实验结果表明,Pr的部分替代导致超导T_c的抑制,其T_c抑制速率、临界Pr浓度X_(cr)和正常态电阻率与R三价离子半径之间有着密切相关。这个离子尺寸效应的起因可能与PrBa_2Cu_3O(7-δ)晶胞团的形成有关。 关键词：     

GdBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导薄膜的高分辨电子能量损失谱研究

本文用高分辨电子能量损失谱对 c-取向的 GdBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导和不超导薄膜样品进行了分析,发现与不超导样品相比,超导样品在约55meV 处存在增强的能量损失峰.这个损失峰来源于超导体内部电荷振荡激元与 Cu(1)-O(4)光学声子的相互作用,它证实了 Varma和 Tachiki 的理论,表明超导体内部电荷振荡激元的存在对超导电性有重要作用.     

大尺寸LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)单晶的生长及其超导电性

本文报道大尺寸LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(Ln=Y,Eu,Gd,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)单晶生长及其超导电性,并讨论了(001)自然晶面的X射线多级衍射、劳厄相、旋进相等单晶鉴定法。     

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)系高Tc超导体中的铜氧互作用

本文用子团模型模拟了在高Tc超导材料YB_2Cu_3O(7-δ)中铜氧原子(离子)间的相互作用,在局域密度近似下求解HFS方程的自给解的DV-X_α方法研究了一种可能的YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)晶体结构模型基础上存在的各种不同的铜氧离子间的电子转移,键结合及费密面附近的态密度。     

Ar离子注入YBa2Cu3O7—x超导薄膜中微结构变化的透射电子显微镜研究

Ar离子注入YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)超导薄膜后,不仅会引起样品超导转变温度T_c和临界电流密度J_c的下降,还会使样品的正常态由金属型变为半导体型。透射电子显微镜观察发现在小剂量(<5×10~(12)Ar/cm~2)注入情况下,样品的晶格结构几乎不受影响。随着注入剂量的增加,晶格损伤越来越严重,最终变成非晶态。对实验结果的分析表明,Ar离子注入引起YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)薄膜超导性能的变化主要与O原子子晶格的无序化过程有关。     

高温超导混合配对态与磁通涡旋格子

建立在对基于Gor’kov方法而导出的微观GinzburgLandau方程的分析揭示了高温超导体YBa2Cu3O7配对态对称性和磁通涡旋格子结构.分析指出,存在一个格子转变温度T,当温度高于T时,超导基态显示dx2-y2波对称性特征;低于该温度s波沟道幅值成为可观的量级;超导基态为混合s-dx2-y2态.对应单分量波函数磁通涡旋格子为三角的结构;而稳定的斜格子反映出混合波特征.s与d沟道间耦合约束了磁场下dx2-x2波对称性自由度,而对高温超导反常输运行为如上临界磁场温度曲线上翘现象所负责 关键词： 高温超导 GinzburgLandau理论 磁通涡旋     

LaAlO3/SrTiO3异质界面磁场调控的反常金属态

自LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃异质界面发现高迁移率的二维电子气以来,其二维超导电性、界面磁性和自旋轨道耦合等诸多物理性质已经被广泛研究.对于二维超导体,零温下超导-反常金属相变的起源仍然是一个悬而未决的问题.传统理论认为在超导-绝缘量子相变中只存在2种基态,即库珀对的超导基态和绝缘基态.然而在研究超导颗粒膜中超导电性的演化与厚度和温度的关系时发现,存在一个中间金属态破坏了超导体和绝缘体之间的直接过渡.这种中间金属态的标志性特征是,在超导转变温度之下存在饱和的剩余电阻,与之对应的基态称作反常金属态.本文主要对在LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃(001)异质界面磁场诱导的超导-反常金属量子相变进行了系统的研究.在没有外加磁场的情况下,电阻-温度(R-T)曲线和电流-电压(I-V)特性曲线表明样品在超导转变温度之下处于超导态.外加磁场会导致样品在低温下出现饱和电阻、正的巨磁阻和低电流范围内的线性I-V曲线.另外,霍尔电阻在一定的磁场之下会出现零电阻平台,而此时纵向电阻不为零,表现出明显的玻色金属态的特征.研究结果...     

三维介观超导环涡旋态的研究

通过数值求解非线性金兹堡-朗道(G-L)方程组,研究了三维介观超导环中的涡旋态。发现了在细环中只能存在巨涡旋态,以及存在顺磁、抗磁迈斯纳效应和间隙性超导现象。在粗环中,发现了多涡旋态和巨涡旋态共存的混合态。相应讨论有助于理解介观超导环中涡旋态相变。     

Influence of the defect state of samples on the luminescence spectra of CdS single crystals irradiated by electrons

The photoluminescence spectra of CdS single crystals irradiated by electrons (E = 1.2 MeV, Φ = 2×10¹⁷ cm^?2) are investigated in the visible and near-infrared regions of electromagnetic radiation. Some samples of the CdS single crystals are preliminarily irradiated by neutrons (E = 2 MeV, Φ = 2 × 10¹⁸ cm^?2) with the aim of increasing the concentration of initial structural defects. From analyzing the peak intensities of photoluminescence in the irradiated single crystals at the wavelengths λ_m = 0.720, 1.030, and 0.605 μm, it is concluded that the CdS samples with a low concentration of structural defects in the initial state possess the highest resistance to electron radiation. It is assumed that the observed transformation of the photoluminescence spectra of the imperfect CdS single crystals subjected to electron irradiation is determined by either the mechanisms of subthreshold defect formation or the transformation of the defect complexes in elastic and electric fields near the large structural damages of the crystal lattice.     

A possible replacement of single crystal by melt-textured material in the study of YBa2Cu3O7−y

Improved superconducting properties were observed in melt-textured YBa₂Cu₃O_7-y ceramic material. The inductive current density has a small field dependence up to 5.5 T over a wide temperature range. The field and temperature dependences of the magnetic properties are similar to the behavior found in single crystals. Values of the intragrain critical current density in melt-texture samples have the same order of magnitude as in single crystals. The reduced porosity and improved grain alignment help to probe intrinsic physical properties that depend on crystallographic orientation. Thus experiments similar to those involving single crystals are possible. The modified Bean critical state model applied to single crystals can also be used in these melt-textured samples. Thus, it is possible to use melt-textured samples in some basic research which originally required the use of single crystals.     

氧化铝与Al（100）基体间界面原子结构研究

本文介绍了用M e v 离子散射和沟道效应研究单晶铝表面无定型氧化层与基体之间界面原子结构的方法, 报道了AI_2_O_3_/ Al ( 1 0 0) 界面原子结构的实验结果.实验表明, 在纯氧气氛围中400 ℃ 下生成的氧化铝膜, 铝和氧原子浓度比例严格为2 与3 之比;AI_2_O_3_ 膜和Al (100)基体之间的界面极其陡峭, 氧化铝膜下Al (1 0 0 ) 基体表面的再构层不大于一个原子层. 由实验测量与用Monte corlo 方法计算结果比较, 得到再构层原子离开原来晶格位置距离为0.18埃. 室温下,Al ( 1 0 0 ) 氧吸附层的元素成份在氧原子覆盖度较低时主要为AlO. 关键词：     

Pr替代YPBCO超导单晶的峰效应研究

采用TSSG法在1 atm氧气氛下生长出Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7(x=0.07215)超导单晶样品;测量了该单晶样品在不同温度下的磁特性;根据Bean临界态模型,计算出不同温度下的临界电流密度Jc对磁场H的依赖关系;在对该样品的直流磁化研究中观测到了峰效应。随着温度的降低,样品的临界电流密度明显增加。     

自旋冰材料R2Ti2O7（R=Dy，Ho）的单晶生长和低温物性研究

本文首先对R2Ti2O7（R=Dy,Ho）单晶的生长条件进行了探索,经过多次尝试,得到了较理想的生长条件,并获得了高品质的单晶．磁化率和比热测量证实了这些单晶材料具有自旋冰基态．另外,通过对不同条件下退火的Dy2Ti2O7单晶低温热传导的深入研究,发现R2Ti2O7单晶具有较小的声子峰,并且退火条件的变化对峰值的影响很...     

Unusual resistivity broadening in the mixed state of NdBa2Cu3O7−δ crystals grown by a crystal-pulling technique

In order to clarify the origin of a strong peak effect in the magnetization curve of NdBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ crystals, we investigated the superconductivity transition behavior of the in-plane resistivity in static magnetic fields up to 8 T. Comparing the results for the samples exhibiting and not exhibiting the peak effect, we found that the former (peak effect sample) shows lower resistivity above the vortex melting temperature. This implies that the pinning force is effective in the vortex liquid state. We also found that the normal state resistivity behaviors of some samples were unusual, indicating inhomogeneous current flow. These results suggest an existence of sheet-like pinning centers perpendicular to the conduction planes.     

Structural aspects of solid-state amorphization in Eu<Subscript>2</Subscript>(MoO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>3</Subscript> single crystals

X-ray diffraction studies of Eu₂(MoO₄)₃ single crystals were performed, which demonstrate that, in contrast to polycrystalline samples, these crystals do not exhibit amorphous-like diffraction patterns during the reverse transition from the high-pressure phase into the initial β phase; rather, the diffracted intensity in their diffraction patterns decreases significantly to the background. Such a diffraction pattern can be explained under the assumption that a single crystal is divided into small (nanoscopic) regions inside which the lattice parameters of the high-pressure phase and the initial β phase change continuously. The simultaneous recovery of the single-crystal state of the β phase from this intermediate state in all nanoscopic regions as the annealing temperature increases indicates that nanocrystals in this state are structurally correlated with each other. This result suggests that the halo-type diffraction patterns of polycrystalline samples reflect an intermediate state between the high-pressure phase and the β phase in every initial crystallite (as in the single crystals) rather than being caused by an amorphous structure of the sample. In this case, the total diffraction pattern of differently oriented crystallites gives an amorphous-like diffraction pattern reflecting the contributions from numerous various crystallographic planes involved in diffraction.     

Ionic conductivity of crystalline and glassy Mg4.5Na7(P2O7)4

In our work single crystals of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂O₇)₄ were prepared, pulverized, pressed into pellets and sintered in order to measure the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline specimens. The conductivity was also measured on glassy specimens obtained by the melting of previously prepared crystals. The electrical conductivities at 25°C with values of the order of 10⁻¹⁶ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for polycrystalline samples and a value of the order of 10⁻¹⁴ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for glass, show that the glassy phase of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂ because of its greater molar volume and loosely packed structure, is a better matrix for ionic motion.     

Fabrication and growth rate estimation of PrBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal by the modified top seeded crystal pulling method

Recently, we succeeded in fabricating single crystals of PrBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ by a modified top seeded crystal pulling method called the SRL-CP (Solute Rich Liquid-Crystal Pulling) method. Y₂O₃ and MgO polycrystalline crucibles and a MgO single crystal crucible were used to grow the single crystals. The crystal growth temperature was set in the range of 968°C to 972°C. The grown crystals were identified as PrBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ by X-ray diffraction. In the case of using Y₂O₃ crucibles the composition of the grown crystals was Y_xPr_1−xBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (0.48 < x < 0.57) and in the case of using MgO crucibles a relatively small amount of Mg contamination to the grown crystals occurred at a typical concentration of approximately 1 at.% of the sum of cations. According to the crystal growth model of the SRL-CP method [1–5], a maximum growth rate of 1.7 × 10⁻⁵ cm/s was calculated with the aid of the phase diagram studies we reported earlier [6]. This value is reasonably in agreement with the experimental results.