基于微区统计特性的数字散斑相关测量亚像素位移梯度算法

提出了一种形式简单、求解快速、稳定性好和精度高的用于数字散斑相关方法亚像素位移求解的微区梯度算法。介绍了算法原理,并给出了四种不同模式的算法公式。采用模拟图像,介绍了四种模式在计算时间、计算子窗口时对结果的影响,并对适用范围和求解精度等方面进行了分析对比。最后的计算实例验证了算法的可行性和优越性。     

Application of nondestructive testing methods to electronic industry using computer-aided optical metrology

A novel application of NDT to the electronic industry using computer-aided optical metrology that includes Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer (ESPI), Electronic Shearing Speckle Pattern Interferometer (ESSPI) and Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM) was described. The theoretical analysis based on interferometry and the deformation theory was presented and the relationship between fringe-distribution and defect-geometry was given. An important technique—computer-controlled polarization phase shifting—was developed for improving the fringe quality and the sensitivity of ESPI and ESSPI. In order to improve the sensitivity for NDT of small object like electronic elements, a new NDT method using DSCM was first introduced. Two key techniques, the cross-search algorithm and double-lens optical arrangement, were developed to provide the possibility of high processing speed and small object measurement. These new techniques will make DSCM the most powerful NDT tool in electronic engineering.Several applications are presented as examples in this paper; they include the electrosound elements, miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLC), compact disk (CD) and optical fibers. The findings have demonstrated that computer-aided optical metrology is a powerful tool for NDT applications in electronic engineering.     

二维泊松方程的遗传PSOR改进算法

针对二维泊松方程在实际应用过程中几种常用方法存在计算量大、易发散、局部收敛等不足,提出了一种改进算法.该算法基于并行超松弛迭代法,采用遗传算法对松弛因子进行全局寻优,解决了超松弛迭代法求解泊松方程时最佳松弛因子难以确定的问题.构建了多目标适应度函数,优化了遗传算子参数,分析了算法的计算量、计算时间与误差精度,与传统方法进行了对比研究.结果表明:松弛因子对泊松方程求解的速度与精度影响显著;改进算法能减少迭代次数,节省计算时间,加快方程的求解;算法适合于求解计算量较大、精度要求较高的时域有限差分方程,而且精度要求越高,算法的性能越好,节省的时间也越多.     

双模式高精度可调超分辨光瞳滤波器

基于双折射波片的特性,提出了一种具有双调节模式的连续可调超分辨光瞳滤波器。该滤波器通过两种调节模式实现超分辨,且在一定范围内连续可调。在横向旋转模式下,该滤波器为复振幅型光瞳滤波器,纵向倾斜模式下为纯相位型超分辨滤波器。通过对超分辨参量的分析,得到最佳设计参量,可以实现大的视场角,大的超分辨范围、高的调节精度。这种滤波器为实际应用提供了更多的方便。     

数字散斑相关方法及应用进展

数字散斑相关方法（DSCM）是一种可以测量变形和应变的光学非接触测量方法,其通过对变形前后物体表面的图像进行灰度信息相关计算来获取被测物的力学性能。本文叙述了数字散斑相关方法近年来在国内外的发展动态和应用现状,详细论述了基于自适应遗传算法、智能神经网络方法、小波变换法的一系列新型相关搜索方法。文章指出,近年来,数字散斑相关技术已发展到相对成熟,目前的研究重点是提高测试精度和图像处理速度,而提高散斑图像质量和研究高效的算法是需要努力的方向。     

预测搜索算法在图像相关中的应用

数字散斑相关方法在亚像素测量过程中运算量大,在对实时性要求较高的系统中该方法的应用受到了限制。提出了一种原理简单、搜索速度快、精度高的预测搜索算法,介绍了预测搜索算法的原理,并给出预测位移的公式。通过实验验证了对算法的精度、效率和鲁棒性,说明对数字散斑相关方法进行优化后,既不损失亚像素位移的计算精度又提高了图像处理的效率。     

数字散斑相关方法亚像素求解的一种混合方法

亚像素求解是数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)中最重要的技术。亚像素求解算法的精度和效率直接影响DSCM的精度和计算速度。目前广泛应用的两种亚像素求解方法在处理高质量散斑图时都存在一定的缺陷:基于灰度插值的散斑场亚像素恢复方法,其计算精度较高,但计算消耗太大;基于相关系数分布的拟合方法,其计算消耗小,但计算精度较低。在分析两种亚像素求解方法各自优缺点的基础上,提出了一种结合两种算法优势的混合算法。混合算法在保证亚像素求解精度的基础上,可以大大降低整个算法的计算消耗。     

开孔金属腔屏蔽效能快速算法适用性评估

对开孔金属腔屏蔽效能（SE）的四种快速算法传输线等效电路法、EMT法、ILCM法、Modal-MOM法的适用性进行评估,为不同实际工程问题选用恰当的算法提供了依据。为了解决传统SE结果描述方法不适用于快速算法适用性评估的问题,采用绝对误差和曲线相关系数这两个参数,提出SE随金属腔和孔缝尺寸单独变化的Contour图描述方法。在此基础上,利用864组不同形状、尺寸矩形金属腔的SE计算结果,分析并确定了四种SE快速算法满足不同计算精度时适用的腔体模式数。结果表明,在同等计算精度条件下,Modal-MOM算法可适用的腔体模式数最多,ILCM算法次之,而传输线等效电路法适用腔体模式数最少,这些结果为实际工程应用提供了指导。     

数字散斑相关方法及其在碳纤维复合材料压力容器变形测量中的应用

提出了一种新的基于图像灰度梯度迭代的数字散斑相关方法(DSCM,digital speckle correlation method)。通过使用DSCM测量碳纤维复合材料压力容器在水压下的局部区域的位移场和应变场,分析了复合材料压力容器的轴向和环向的变形特征,为碳纤维复合材料压力容器的优化设计提供了理论和实验依据。     

基于数字散斑相关法的岩石材料力学性能的测试

岩石在外力作用下会发生形变,发现和了解岩石材料的形变、应力分布等对避免灾害会起到重要的预警作用。采用高精度的数字散斑相关技术,对岩石材料形变、应力和应变进行了非接触式测量。为验证实验结果的有效性,电阻应变计贴附于采集区附近并且实验结果与电测结果吻合较好。表明数字散斑相关测量技术能够用于岩石等材料的形变检测,预报变形信息,结果可以定量和定性显示。     

正交曲线坐标系在变化地形声场计算中的应用*

变化地形声场计算是越来越经常碰到的情况。变化地形往往给声场计算带来计算量增大、求解精度下降的问题。坐标系选择是声场计算中非常重要的问题,本文研究基于地形的合适正交曲线坐标系选取规则。在此坐标系中求解Helmholtz方程,能够极大简化求解过程、提高计算精度。结合简正波理论,从新的角度展示了正交曲线坐标系在某些典型变化地形线源声场计算问题中的应用。结果表明,本文方法在变化地形处理方面,能克服传统阶梯步进法的不足。     

计算机控制光学抛光驻留时间求解中两类优化算法的分析

建立了基于矩阵计算的驻留时间计算模型,根据实际加工要求建立了最小二乘和最佳一致逼近最优化求解数学模型,总结了两类优化问题的求解方法。根据自研数学解法器,利用数值计算分析了这两类算法的计算特点。仿真结果显示,两种自研算法具有较高的计算精度,最小二乘逼近算法计算效率有待提高,对外界扰动和计算模型等误差不敏感,最佳一致逼近算法计算效率较高,但对误差比较敏感。实际加工时,如果面形精度已经比较高时,建议多采用最小二乘逼近算法。     

Path-independent digital image correlation with high accuracy,speed and robustness

The initial guess transferring mechanism is widely used in iterative DIC algorithms and leads to path-dependence. Using the known deformation at a processed point to estimate the initial guess at its neighboring points could save considerable computation time, and a cogitatively-selected processing path contributes to the improved robustness. In this work, our experimental study demonstrates that a path-independent DIC method is capable to achieve high accuracy, efficiency and robustness in full-field measurement of deformation, by combining an inverse compositional Gauss–Newton (IC-GN) algorithm for sub-pixel registration with a fast Fourier transform-based cross correlation (FFT-CC) algorithm to estimate the initial guess. In the proposed DIC method, the determination of initial guess accelerated by well developed software library can be a negligible burden of computation. The path-independence also endows the DIC method with the ability to handle the images containing large discontinuity of deformation without manual intervention. Furthermore, the possible performance of the proposed path-independent DIC method on parallel computing device is estimated, which shows the feasibility of the development of real-time DIC with high-accuracy.     

基于大规模并行计算的三维多群中子扩散方程有限差分方法

三维多群中子扩散方程的精确、高效求解是核动力堆芯设计及燃料管理的基础。应用有限差分方法求解该方程具有简便、精确、成熟的优点;然而,该方法的计算量和存储量均较大,极大地限制了它的计算规模和应用范围。本文基于大规模并行计算,研究三维多群中子扩散方程有限差分方法:采用中心有限差分格式离散中子扩散方程;基于MPI并行编程模型,采用空间区域分解的方式实现大规模并行计算;采用多群多区域耦合PGMRES算法进行并行加速。在集群服务器上开发了ParaFiDi程序,并采用IAEA3D,PHWR等多个基准题对该程序进行验证。数值结果表明,ParaFiDi程序具有较高的计算精度和计算效率。     

Used digital speckle correlation method to realize orientation function of optical mouse

Used digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) to realize orientation function of optical mouse is researched. The experiment is designed to obtain the dynamic speckle patterns which are shot by CCD, then the DSCM is used to process the sequential images and also the experiment is simulated. The experimental results show the DSCM can confirm orientation function of the optical mouse, and have a good agreement with the simulation results, and the resolution we obtained is higher than the resolution of mouse on the market.     

PBX材料宏细观断裂行为的数字散斑相关法实验研究

 采用半圆盘弯曲实验和数字散斑相关方法,对高聚物粘结炸药（PBX）的宏、细观断裂行为进行了实验研究。宏观上,带有预制裂纹的半圆盘试样发生拉伸破坏,利用数字散斑相关技术得到了试样的应变场和位移矢量场分布,定量分析了试样全场的变形特征,并测得了PBX材料的平面应变断裂韧性;细观上,用配有加载装置的扫描电子显微镜对含预制裂纹的半圆盘试样间接拉伸下的损伤演化和破坏过程进行了实时原位观察,借助于数字散斑相关方法,定量分析了试样损伤局部化特征。结果表明,将数字散斑相关方法用于研究PBX材料宏、细观尺度上的变形破坏问题是有效的。     

一种新的稳健波束形成算法及其一维搜索策略

存在条件失配时自适应波束形成器的性能急剧下降,凸优化技术的引入使稳健波束形成器的设计更加灵活,但同时带来了计算复杂度的增加和工程实现上的困难.针对上述问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘估计的稳健波束形成算法,并推导得到一种基于一维搜索的求解方法.首先利用广义旁瓣对消器的结构将标准Capon波束形成器转化为稳健最小二乘问题,并将该问题转化为二阶锥规划的形式.为了减少计算量,利用二阶锥规划问题的原始问题和对偶问题的关系,将求解过程转化为一维搜索,并利用牛顿迭代法获得最优解,从而获得与标准Capon波束形成相近的计算复杂度.仿真分析表明,该算法具有良好的抗导向矢量失配和快拍数不足的稳健性.     

基于图像处理的零件二维尺寸检测方法

为了提高零件二维尺寸测量精度和效率,提出一种基于图像处理的非接触式检测方法。对零件图像进行灰度化、采用自适应中值滤波算法来减小图像数据量以及除去噪声;通过最大类间方差法自动确定阈值获得二值图像;采用形态学梯度算子提取图像边缘,并用最小二乘法拟合像素尺寸;通过标准件法对系统进行标定获得零件尺寸。以6204-Z型深沟球轴承作为实验对象,获得轴承内、外径的尺寸。与游标卡尺测量结果比较,所提出的图像处理方法获得的内、外径平均误差达到9.6μm和0.7μm。通过实验对比与分析,方法快速有效,具有较高的准确性和良好的鲁棒性。     

Reconstruction of the Point-Spread Function of the Human Eye Using a New Phase-Retrieval Algorithm

The double-pass method is thought to obtain the point spread function (PSF) in human eyes based on two techniques: the symmetric double-pass method using the same pupil size and the asymmetric double-pass method using a different pupil size. The symmetric double-pass method provides autocorrelation of the retinal PSF and, thus, the modulation transfer function. The asymmetric double-pass method provides low-frequency partial-phase information and the partial phase-retrieval algorithm is applied to obtain the complete-phase information, and to estimate the PSF. The partial phase-retrieval algorithm is based on the iteration method proposed by Fineup and Kowalczyk and requires a lengthy computation. In this study, we propose a new high-speed phase-retrieval algorithm based on the property that the real and imaginary parts of optical transfer functions (OTFs) continuously change in value.     

New reconstruction and forecasting algorithm for TEC data

To reconstruct the missing data of the total electron content(TEC) observations, a new method is proposed, which is based on the empirical orthogonal functions(EOF) decomposition and the value of eigenvalue itself. It is a self-adaptive EOF decomposition without any prior information needed, and the error of reconstructed data can be estimated. The interval quartering algorithm and cross-validation algorithm are used to compute the optimal number of EOFs for reconstruction.The interval quartering algorithm can reduce the computation time. The application of the data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions(DINEOF) method to the real data have demonstrated that the method can reconstruct the TEC map with high accuracy, which can be employed on the real-time system in the future work.