基于GMA光流网络的二维变形测量数字图像相关法初值估计

提出一种利用深度学习提取散斑变形图像位移场的算法。对比几种主流光流网络模型在散斑图像上的计算精度,将全局运动聚合（GMA）光流网络引入数字图像相关法,使用光流网络模型预测的位移场作为亚像素迭代算法的初值,最后结合逆合成高斯-牛顿法计算散斑图像的亚像素位移场。结果表明,与几种主流的数字图像相关算法相比,GMA光流网络初值的计算精度和计算效率更高,适用于大变形测量,是一种兼顾计算速度和精度的变形测量算法。对木块材料进行压缩实验,结果充分显示了所提方法在散斑变形测量中的有效性。     

基于微区统计特性的数字散斑相关测量亚像素位移梯度算法

提出了一种形式简单、求解快速、稳定性好和精度高的用于数字散斑相关方法亚像素位移求解的微区梯度算法。介绍了算法原理,并给出了四种不同模式的算法公式。采用模拟图像,介绍了四种模式在计算时间、计算子窗口时对结果的影响,并对适用范围和求解精度等方面进行了分析对比。最后的计算实例验证了算法的可行性和优越性。     

数字散斑相关方法及应用进展

数字散斑相关方法（DSCM）是一种可以测量变形和应变的光学非接触测量方法,其通过对变形前后物体表面的图像进行灰度信息相关计算来获取被测物的力学性能。本文叙述了数字散斑相关方法近年来在国内外的发展动态和应用现状,详细论述了基于自适应遗传算法、智能神经网络方法、小波变换法的一系列新型相关搜索方法。文章指出,近年来,数字散斑相关技术已发展到相对成熟,目前的研究重点是提高测试精度和图像处理速度,而提高散斑图像质量和研究高效的算法是需要努力的方向。     

激光散斑的亚像素位移法计算及比较

根据激光散斑相关测量中采用的插值法、梯度算法和牛顿一拉夫森迭代法3种亚像素位移算法的特点,逐一在亚像素尺度计算出磁流体干燥过程中的同一激光散斑图的偏均值和标准差变化曲线。基于得到的偏差均值和标准差讨论了3种算法处理激光散斑图的特点,比较了3种算法处理散斑图的计算精度、稳定性和计算用时。结果显示,在小变形的亚像素位移测量时,梯度算法的精度较高,且较为稳定,计算效率也较牛顿一拉夫森算法快约9倍。因此,在进行小变形亚像素位移测量时,采用梯度算法计算激光散斑是有效的。     

预测搜索算法在图像相关中的应用

数字散斑相关方法在亚像素测量过程中运算量大,在对实时性要求较高的系统中该方法的应用受到了限制。提出了一种原理简单、搜索速度快、精度高的预测搜索算法,介绍了预测搜索算法的原理,并给出预测位移的公式。通过实验验证了对算法的精度、效率和鲁棒性,说明对数字散斑相关方法进行优化后,既不损失亚像素位移的计算精度又提高了图像处理的效率。     

基于数字散斑照相术测量刚体面内位移

数字散斑照相术通常测量刚体的面内位移。从基本原理着手,研究了基于散斑照相术的两种常用方法,即数字图像相关法和傅里叶变换法。论述了数字图像相关法中的亚像素梯度算法,讨论了如何选择子区的大小,优化测量结果;傅里叶变换法通过对散斑图进行傅里叶变换和数学形态学等一系列操作,获得精确的条纹间距,从而更好地计算面内位移。实验结果表明,傅里叶变换法的测量精度要高于数字图像相关法。     

运动物体的高精度大气扰动检出方法

降落伞气动开伞过程、高速客机气动外形的优化都需要可视化流场信息,因此,以大气扰动引发的背景光线偏折为基础,建立了基于"整像素十字搜索+Newton-Raphson亚像素定位+扰动方程求解"的运动物体高精度大气扰动检出方法,并通过数值散斑图像验证了本方法在理想条件下的理论检出精度。在实验室内以散斑图像为背景,用本方法和传统纹影监测方法对高压气管出口气流进行扰动检出,结果表明,本方法的准确性较高,可为实验室外的可视化监测提供一种适用性较强的方法。     

数字图像散斑相关技术的蚁群优化方法

基于蚁群优化方法提出新的数字图像散斑相关算法。该方法模仿了真实蚂蚁从其巢到食物找到最短路径的方式,通过对蚁群优化方法改进,减少迭代次数并改善解的质量。将新的数字图像散斑相关算法应用到计算机模拟的散斑图像和实验获得的散斑图像中,并与广泛使用的Newton-Raphson算法进行了比较。实验结果展示了新算法的精度、可行性和有效性。当数量级为0.01像素,误差离散均方根小于0.002像素。     

基于数字图像相关方法的亚像素位移迭代算法性能

在对图像位移进行测量时,不同亚像素位移迭代算法的性能不同,将反向组合对角近似算法和反向组合Dog-Leg算法用于数字图像相关法并进行位移测量,同时对反向组合Levenberg-Marquardt算法的参数更新策略进行简化,以反向组合高斯牛顿（IC-GN）法作为对比,通过模拟散斑图像和真实散斑图像的压缩变形实验,对3种算法的性能进行对比,并进行相应的评估。实验结果表明：在模拟散斑实验中,各个算法在收敛速度、收敛频率和计算速度上各有不同;在真实实验下,小变形实验得到与IC-GN法相似的精度,大变形实验得到的收敛半径更大。     

梯度算子选择对基于梯度的亚像素位移算法的影响

基于梯度的亚像素位移算法中不同的灰度梯度计算方法对计算结果的影响进行了研究,列出了几种常用灰度梯度计算方法,并用对相邻5像素点的离散灰度进行三次样条插值的方法推导出两种灰度梯度算子。然后对计算机模拟生成的散斑图像对用各种梯度算子计算得出的亚像素位移与预先设定的真实值做了比较,给出了相应的均值误差和均值相对误差。最后的真实试件的刚体平移和单向拉伸实验结果表明,Barron算子是所列的几种梯度算法中最为精确、稳定的梯度算子。     

Application of an improved subpixel registration algorithm on digital speckle correlation measurement

Digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) has been widely used in experimental mechanics to obtain the surface deformation fields. One of the challenges in practical applications is how to obtain the high accuracy with far less computation complexity. To determine the subpixel registration of the DSCM, a high efficient gradient-based algorithm is developed in this paper. The principle is described and four different modes of the algorithm are given. Based on computer-simulated images, the optimal mode of the algorithm is verified through the comparison of computation time, optimal subset-region size and sensitivity of the four modes. The influences of speckle-granule size and speckle-granule density on accuracy are studied and a quantitative estimation of the optimal speckle-granule size range is obtained. As the applications of this method, the practical deformation measurements with the rigid body translation and rotation as well as an experiment on biomechanics are presented to certify the feasibility and the validity of the algorithm.     

Used digital speckle correlation method to realize orientation function of optical mouse

Used digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) to realize orientation function of optical mouse is researched. The experiment is designed to obtain the dynamic speckle patterns which are shot by CCD, then the DSCM is used to process the sequential images and also the experiment is simulated. The experimental results show the DSCM can confirm orientation function of the optical mouse, and have a good agreement with the simulation results, and the resolution we obtained is higher than the resolution of mouse on the market.     

Digital image correlation involves an inverse problem: A regularization scheme based on subset size constraint

Digital image correlation (DIC) is essentially implicated in a class of inverse problem. Here, a regularization scheme is developed for the subset-based DIC technique to effectively inhibit potential ill-posedness that likely arises in actual deformation calculations and hence enhance numerical stability, accuracy and precision of correlation measurement. With the aid of a parameterized two-dimensional Butterworth window, a regularized subpixel registration strategy is established, in which the amount of speckle information introduced to correlation calculations may be weighted through equivalent subset size constraint. The optimal regularization parameter associated with each individual sampling point is determined in a self-adaptive way by numerically investigating the curve of 2-norm condition number of coefficient matrix versus the corresponding equivalent subset size, based on which the regularized solution can eventually be obtained. Numerical results deriving from both synthetic speckle images and actual experimental images demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the set of newly-proposed regularized DIC algorithms.     

Registration method for infrared images under conditions of fixed-pattern noise

This paper proposes a new registration method for infrared images under conditions of fixed-pattern noise (FPN). Conventional registration techniques are susceptible to FPN and it is therefore very desirable to have a registration algorithm that is tolerant to FPN. For this purpose, we utilize the difference of the cross-power spectrum of two discrete shifted images to suppress the noise power spectrum while the shifts information is well preserved. In particular, we show that the phase of the cross-power spectrum difference is a periodic two-dimensional binary stripe signal with the exact shifts determined to subpixel accuracy by the number of periods of the phase difference along each frequency axis. Robust estimates of shifts can be obtained by transforming its discontinuities to Hough domain. Experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits robust and accurate registration performance even for the noisy images that could not be handled by conventional registration algorithms. We have also incorporated this technique to a registration-based nonuniformity correction (NUC) framework, indicating that our registration technique is able to estimate motion parameters reliably, leading to satisfactory NUC result.     

Digital image correlation based on a fast convolution strategy

In recent years, the efficiency of digital image correlation (DIC) methods has attracted increasing attention because of its increasing importance for many engineering applications. Based on the classical affine optical flow (AOF) algorithm and the well-established inverse compositional Gauss–Newton algorithm, which is essentially a natural extension of the AOF algorithm under a nonlinear iterative framework, this paper develops a set of fast convolution-based DIC algorithms for high-efficiency subpixel image registration. Using a well-developed fast convolution technique, the set of algorithms establishes a series of global data tables (GDTs) over the digital images, which allows the reduction of the computational complexity of DIC significantly. Using the pre-calculated GDTs, the subpixel registration calculations can be implemented efficiently in a look-up-table fashion. Both numerical simulation and experimental verification indicate that the set of algorithms significantly enhances the computational efficiency of DIC, especially in the case of a dense data sampling for the digital images. Because the GDTs need to be computed only once, the algorithms are also suitable for efficiently coping with image sequences that record the time-varying dynamics of specimen deformations.     

数字散斑亚像素小角位移测量的曲面拟合法

与传统测量方法相比,数字散斑相关法由于其目标特征单元网格划分的灵活性,能够更好地满足不同场合小角位移的测量需求。针对该方法亚像素小角位移测量的曲面拟合参数选择问题,研究了亚像素测量图像小角旋转前后的九点二次曲面拟合法,并根据计算机生成模拟散斑进行模拟实验分析,得到最佳误差效率优化条件下的曲面拟合法求解亚像素小角位移的最佳散斑尺寸3.5 pixel、计算窗口尺寸41×41 pixel和拟合窗口尺寸3×3 pixel。实验验证了上述测量参数的有效性,为进一步的曲面拟合法数字散斑成像角位移测量提供参考。     

Digital Speckle Photography of Subpixel Displacements of Speckle Structures Based on Analysis of Their Spatial Spectra

We have investigated the capabilities of the method of digital speckle interferometry for determining subpixel displacements of a speckle structure formed by a displaceable or deformable object with a scattering surface. An analysis of spatial spectra of speckle structures makes it possible to perform measurements with a subpixel accuracy and to extend the lower boundary of the range of measurements of displacements of speckle structures to the range of subpixel values. The method is realized on the basis of digital recording of the images of undisplaced and displaced speckle structures, their spatial frequency analysis using numerically specified constant phase shifts, and correlation analysis of spatial spectra of speckle structures. Transformation into the frequency range makes it possible to obtain quantities to be measured with a subpixel accuracy from the shift of the interference-pattern minimum in the diffraction halo by introducing an additional phase shift into the complex spatial spectrum of the speckle structure or from the slope of the linear plot of the function of accumulated phase difference in the field of the complex spatial spectrum of the displaced speckle structure. The capabilities of the method have been investigated in natural experiment.