新课程背景下高考物理实验题分析及复习策略

江苏省普通高中自2005年进入新课程改革以来,已经历了几届高考.对于检查新课程改革成果之一,高考也是一种行之有效的方法;它可以考查学生的应变能力、创造能力、知识应用能力、动手动脑能力以及学生综合素质的高低.课程标准中对科学探究及实验能力也提出了要求,实验也为高考必考内容.纵观近年高考的实验试题可发现,尽管试题年年变化,但其"原形"都是教材中考试大纲所要求掌握的"原实验";即利用学生学过的知识和方法,对实验     

浅谈培养学生能力的几种途径

"3+X"高考命题"遵循教学大纲而不拘泥大纲",即试题考察的知识点严格遵循大纲要求,全部落在大纲范围内,不超纲,而考察的综合能力是无大纲可遵循的.高考充分突出了对学生综合能力的考察.因此,我们在教学中不但要培养学生的物理学科能力,更要培养学生的其他能力.     

灯泡会闪亮吗？——对2008年江苏高考物理试题第8小题的探讨

高考历来是中学教学的"指挥棒",因此每年的高考试题也往往成为老师们关注和研究的重点.2008年江苏高考物理试题中有一个关于自感的题目,引起不少老师的关注.     

"STS"试题的解决对策

高中物理课程目标指出高中物理的教学目标是:"学习终身发展必备的物理基础知识和技能,了解这些知识与技能在生活、生产中的应用,关注科学技术的现状及发展趋势;了解科学与技术、经济和社会的互动作用."为此近年来在高考物理试卷中出现许多"STS"试题.STS(Science-TechnologySociety)即科学·技术·社会.     

中华传统文化在高考物理试题中的渗透与体现——以2021年高考广东卷为例

2021年是第三批高考改革省份新高考之元年.随着"一核四层四翼"高考评价体系的发布、新高考改革的不断深入,高考物理试题情境之变化更加灵活.以广东省为例的"3+1+2"模式高考试题着重体现了中华传统文化在选拔性考试中的育人导向作用.以2021年高考广东卷的部分试题为例,分析以中华传统文化作为物理试题情境,对落实学科德育,...     

立足基础 突出能力 平中显彩 熟中见新——2008年广东高考物理试题评析

1 总体评价 2008年广东高考物理试题(以下简称"2008广东试题")考查针对性强、内容布局新颖、题型设计务实、区分度明显,从命题思想、试题设计、内容取材、题序布局,到落实对考试大纲中所要求的五种能力考查要求等方面,都能巧妙地加以整合;命题进一步体现了"符合选拔性考试的规律和要求,体现普通高中新课程理念,反映物理课程标准的整体要求.     

探索自然推动技术——析2001年高考理综物理试题

2001年高考理综物理试题是一份充满改革创新意识、富有时代气息的好试题.试题注重理论联系实际,有的试题涉及生产、生活实际中的问题,有的涉及科学研究中的问题,充分体现了物理科学在"探索自然、推动技术、拯救生命"的应用价值,推动了科学知识的普及.     

突出基础 考查能力 平稳过渡——2012年高考(大纲版)理综卷物理评析

2012年是大纲版最后一年,理综卷中的物理部分,总体印象是试题常规、回归经典、突出基础、考查能力、试卷平稳,试卷命题素材源于教材、贴近教材、挖掘教材,又不拘泥于教材.试题结构科学合理,保持相对稳定.整套物理试卷突出稳中求变,着重考查学生的实验能力、推理能力、分析综合能力、应用数学解决物理问题的能力.试题结构合理,难度不大,     

关于中学"理、化、生"试题设计改革的探讨

现代的高中教育是一个阶段性的教育体系,又是一个激烈的竞争体系.激烈的竞争使高考试题对高中各科的教学形成了极其直接而灵敏的导向作用.这种作用决定了要想在当今的高中各科教学中普遍而有效地贯彻某项要求,达到相应的目的,最有效的办法就是把它成功地渗透在试题的设计中并以考试分数呈正态分布体现出来.     

高考物理实验试题设计趋势分析

对近年各地区高考物理实验试题命题改革趋势进行了分析,以具体类型题为例,对2007年高考物理实验试题设计趋势作以预测.     

原子廓线激光多普勒测速仪

论述了用原子滤波器的透射率廓线测量激光多普勒频移的直接检测方法和理论，报道了基于这个方法的一个原理性实验。实验采用二极管泵浦的连续倍频Ｎｄ；ＹＡＧ激光器作为发射器，和一个温控的透射率翼宽为３８０ＭＨＺ的碘滤波器作为多普勒频移检测器件进行了转透速度的测量。     

Outline Imaging by THz Time Domain Spectroscopy

Outline imaging by THz time domain spectroscopy is proposed. Spectroscopic splitting at interface is reported, The principle of outline imaging is put forward. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of outline imaging by spectroscopic splitting, It is shown that clear out：line image of sample interface could be achieved easily by this technique. The spatial resolution is about 0.6mm. The THz-beam focus, the scanning step and the THz pulse width are the critical foctors affecting the imaging resolution. The signal-to-noise ratio of this technique could be improved greatly compared to the conventional transsion imaging.     

New tangles in TeV physics: Outline and some comments

Summary Ultrahigh-energy physics experiment by JACEE collaboration reveals, on the one side, nature's strong favouritism to the production of photons compared to the charged particles as secondaries in heavy-ion collisions, whereas some other repeated measurements at cosmicray energy ranges by Pamir and Chacaltaya collaboration and by Brazil-Japan collaboration indicate—save the very recent null observation reported by China-Japan collaboration—the production of charged particles in large numbers without any accompanying photons called centauro or minicentauro events at high altitudes. No explanation for either of these two types of events has so far been successfully given for which it seems that, contrary to expectations, the TeV physics poses more questions than it actually answers. The latest results in the TeV region of energies, thus, only add further to confusion and do not seem to usher in an end to it.     

Outline of a classical theory of quantum physics and gravitation

It is argued that in the manner in which the Galilean-Newtonian physics may be said to have explained the Ptolemaic-Copernican theories in terms which have since been called classical, so also Milner's theories of the structure of matter may be said to explain present day quantum and relativistic theory. In both cases the former employ the concept of force and the latter, by contrast, are geometrical theories. Milner envisaged space as being stressed, whereas Einstein thought of it as strained. Development of Milner's theory from criticisms and suggestions made by Kilmister has taken it further into the realms of quantum and gravitational physics, where it is found to give a more physically comprehensible explanation of the phenomena. Further, it shows why present day quantum theory is cast in a statistical form. The theory is supported by many predictions such as the ratio of Planck's constant to the mass of the electron, the value of the fine structure constant and reason for apparent variations in past measurements, the magnetic moment of the electron and proton of the stable particles such as the neutron Λ and Σ together with the kaon, and a relation between the universal gravitational constant and Hubble's constant—all within published experimental accuracy. The latest results to be accounted for by the theory are the masses of the newly discovered ψ particles and confirmation of the value of the decay of Newton's gravitational constant obtained from lunar measurements. While this paper is being typed, new particles are rapidly being discovered—the latest being a neutral ψ particle. A short Appendix discusses the significance of these.     

Outline of a Generalization and a Reinterpretation of Quantum Mechanics Recovering Objectivity

The ESR model has been recently proposed in several papers to offer a possible solution to the problems raising from the nonobjectivity of physical properties in quantum mechanics (QM) (mainly the objectification problem of the quantum theory of measurement). This solution is obtained by embodying the mathematical formalism of QM into a broader mathematical framework and reinterpreting quantum probabilities as conditional on detection rather than absolute. We provide a new and more general formulation of the ESR model and discuss time evolution according to it, pointing out in particular that both linear and nonlinear evolution may occur, depending on the physical environment.     

Outline of the progress in the study of radioactive nuclear physics and super-heavy nuclei

We briefly introduce the current status and progress in the field of radioactive ion beam physics and the study of super-heavy nuclei. Some important problems and research directions are outlined, such as the sub-barrier fusion reaction, the direct reaction at Fermi energy and high energies, the property of nuclei at drip-lines, new magic numbers and new collective motion modes for unstable nuclei     

Outline of marine currents in the bay of naples and some considerations on pollutant transport

Summary Many T, S, O₂, marine currents and meteorological data, observed with modern techniques and instruments, have been collected by the Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography in the Bay of Naples from 1977 on. Even, if the variability was large, some flow patterns were recognized as well as changes in the trend of currents: a periodicity of 3 to 7 days resulted all the year round with an oscillation of about 18 hours superimposed on it in summertime. The flow patterns resulted from current records and water mass analysis. When the open sea currents are flowing to SE the inner waters of the bay are cut off in a slow cyclonic gyre which leaves the coastal waters in a still slower motion making high pollutant concentration possible. The open sea currents flowing toward NW have branches entering into the bay which provide a fair renaewal of waters. The knowledge we have now of the South-Tyrrhenian surface marine currents indicates prevailing NW flow, hence giving one element in favour of a more or less active renewal of the waters in the bay. NE and WSW winds provided two simple models of water moving from the East coast toward the open sea: the former following the stress of the wind and the latter following the piling up of water along the coastal area. Paper presented at the 1° Congresso del Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica del-l'Atmosfera e dell'Oceano, Roma, June 19–22, 1984.     

"没有"与"为零"的区别--兼谈"能量"概念的物理意义

笔者最近有机会听了一些老师的初中物理课，在一些老师的“内能”概念教学实践中，笔者发现他们总是在想方设法运用各种教学手段强调如下两个教学要点：     

一种“类耗散系统”中的“类Ⅴ型阵发”

一类不连续不可逆保面积映象可以展示类似耗散的行为,因此可称其为“类耗散系统”.在一种类耗散系统中观察到了椭圆周期轨道及其周围的椭圆岛与映象不连续边界碰撞而消失的现象.周期轨道消失后,经过一系列过渡椭圆周期轨道之后,系统的行为由一个混沌类吸引子主导.在混沌类吸引子刚刚出现时,混沌时间序列呈现层流相与湍流相的无规交替.这一切都与不连续耗散系统中发生的Ⅴ型阵发的相应性质十分相似,因此可称为“类Ⅴ型阵发”.然而,当混沌类吸引子刚刚出现时,仅可以找到最后一个过渡椭圆岛的“遗迹”,并不存在它的“鬼魂”,因此类Ⅴ型阵发不遵从Ⅴ型阵发的特征标度规律.反之,混沌类吸引子的鬼魂却存在于最后一个过渡椭圆周期轨道的类瞬态过程中,因此在类Ⅴ型阵发导致混沌运动的临界点之前,由此“类瞬态混沌奇异集”中逃逸的规律就成为标志这一种临界现象的标度律.这与Ⅴ型阵发又根本不同. 关键词： 类耗散性 类混沌吸引子 类Ⅴ型阵发