急冷Al-Si-Ge合金超导电性的研究

本文研究了热处理对急冷Al-8.3at%Si-8.5at%Ge合金的微观结构及超导电性的影响。结构分析表明,液态淬火的样品由两相组成:过饱和α-Al(Si,Ge)固溶体基体和Al,Si,Ge的非晶球体,后者在基体中相互连接,构成连续通路。经过100℃/50h热处理后,非晶球体尺寸缩小,不再构成连续通路,并在其中析出弥散的Si(Ge)微晶。热处理后的样品的电阻-温度及电阻-磁场转变曲线上均出现两次正常-超导转变。它可以用样品中存在两个超导相的模型予以解释。 关键词：     

Ge/Au,Ge/Ag双层膜和Ge-Au,Ge-Ag合金膜中非晶Ge的晶化

本文对Ge/An,Ge/Ag,双层膜和Ge-An,Ge-Ag合金膜的退火过程进行了透射电子显微镜观测,对Ge/多晶Au(或Ag)还进行了加热过程的原位观测。观测表明,多晶Au和单晶Au膜的存在使非晶Ge的晶化温度T_c的下降显著不同,可由晶界三叉点等处为非晶Ge的有利形核位置来解释,双层膜的缩聚区中由于局域优先晶化的影响,不仅T_c(=100℃)比非缩聚区中(T_c=150℃)低,而且形成直径为1—2μm的Ge大晶粒,而Ge/多晶Ag和Ge/单晶Ag膜的T_c均约为280℃,合金膜中金属含量较低时(C_Au<17at％,C_Ag<18at％),T_c高于相应的Ge/多晶Au(Ag)膜;金属含量较高时,T_c低于Ge/多晶Au(Ag)膜。这说明过饱和金属原子的存在使得非晶Ge的晶化势垒大大降低。 关键词：     

急冷Al-Si合金超导电性的研究

本文研究了热处理对急冷Al-11.3at％Si合金的微观结构及超导电性的影响,结构分析表明,液态淬火的样品由两相组成:过饱和α-Al(Si)固溶体晶体相和Al,Si原子按统计分布的非晶相,经100℃/50小时热处理后,α-Al(Si)固溶体贫化,非晶相中析出Si的小颗粒,经200℃/100小时热处理的样品已趋向平衡态结构,测量了样品的临界温度,在研究磁场中的超导-正常转变时发现了反常的磁阻效应,它可以用样品中存在两个超导相的模型予以解释。 关键词：     

急冷Ag-Ge二元系合金的相关系

用X射线衍射和热学分析的方法研究了急冷(冷却速度约为10⁴K/s)Ag-Ge二元系样品的相关系。由于急冷Ge在Ag中的溶解度由平衡下的1.5at％扩展到8at％。在Ge含量为8—23at％的样品中,除含Ge在Ag中的过饱和固溶体和Ge外,还有一个具有与Ag基过饱和固溶体相同成分,不同堆垛形式的亚稳相,属A3型六角密排结构,点阵常数a=2.893±0.010?,c=4.720±0.010?,c/a=1.632。用DuPont公司1090系列的差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了过饱和固溶体和 关键词：     

非晶态Fe90-xMnxZr10合金的磁性

本文报道用单辊急冷方法制备的非晶态合金Fe_90-xMn_xZr₁₀(x=0,4,6,10,15)的磁性,讨论了样品中每个原子的平均磁矩和居里温度T_c随Mn含量x的变化以及类自旋玻璃特性,给出了非晶态Fe_90-xMn_xZr₁₀合金的磁相图。观察到非晶态Fe₈₄Mn₆Zr₁₀合金晶化后的热磁曲线 关键词：     

McMillan Tc公式的解析推导(Ⅰ)——μ*=0情形

作者在μ^*=0情形,从Eliashberg方程解析地导出如下的T_c公式:T_c=αω_logexp{-b((1+cλ)/λ)},式中α=2γ/π,b=c=1;Inγ=C=0.5772是Euler常数。这个T_c公式只有在T_c=0.36/α(k)以下才是正确的,α是个大于1并随材料而异的常数。我们推测,当T_c超过上述范围后,T_c公式的函数结构很可能不同于McMillan T_c公式,至少α,b和c等参量不再是些不依赖于材料的常数了。 关键词：     

压力对NH4IO3及其固溶体相变的影响

在流体静压力到10kbar范围内,采用DTA技术研究了压力对NH₄IO₃及其固溶体K_x(NH₄)_1-xIO₃的相变温度(T_c)的影响。实验结果表明,虽然固溶体的相变温度T_c随K⁺组分的增加而减小,但是dT_c/dP值却同K⁺组分无关。这意味着在压力下IO₃^-离子的伸长对T_c随压力增加起主要作用。 关键词：     

非晶态超导合金Zr87.7Si12.3中结构弛豫和结晶化对超导

对非易态超导合金Zr_87.7Si_12.3,在适当的温度下进行了lh等时退火处理.测量了其结构、超导临界参量T_c,H_(C2)及其转变宽度ΔT_c,ΔH_c2等的变化.发现些与金属-金属型非晶态合金不同的变化规律,并结合在结构弛豫过程中所发生的拓扑短程有序化和化学短程有序化,以及相应的结晶化机制,对实验结果作了讨论. 关键词：     

非晶态合金La72Si28晶化过程中生成的新亚稳超导相

本文报道了在非晶态合金La₇₂Si₂₈晶化过程中生成新亚稳超导相的实验结果。非晶态合金La₇₂Si₂₈是用液态急冷法制备的,该合金经250℃,30min热处理后,得到了一个新的亚稳超导相,该相具有正交结构,其晶格参数为a=9.121?,b=6.821?,c=3.833?,超导临界温度T_c为3.02K,高于目前已知的La-Si系超导相的T_c值。 关键词：     

McMillan Tc公式的解析推导(Ⅲ)

本文把作者在前面两篇文章导出的T_c公式推广成下面形式:T_c=αω_log(ω_log/ω_c)^{(μ*/(λ-μ*))exp{-(1+λ)/(λ-μ*)},并从线性Eliashberg方程出发,导出了计算α的方程组。α一般是λ和μ*的函数。在弱耦合极限下,由上述方程组解得,α=2γ/π,其中lnγ=C=0.5772是Euler常数。这个结果表明了,前面两篇文章得到的T_c公式在弱耦合极限下是正确的。作者进而在Einstein谱和μ*=0情形,用数值计算方法从定α的方程组算出当λ=0.23,0.25,0.38和0.48时,a的数值。结果表明,至少在0.23≤λ≤0.45区间中,α变化很小,近似等于1/1.30。此时,本文的T_c公式实际上就是Allen及Dynes修改后的经验的McMillan T_c公式。 关键词：}     

急冷Al-Si-Ge合金的微观结构及正常-超导转变特性

本文研究了急冷Al-8.3at％Si-8.5at％Ge合金的微观结构及正常-超导转变特性,结构分析表明,样品中存在晶态及非晶态两种不同的区域,经100℃/50hr热处理后,电阻-温度及电阻-磁场转变曲线上均出现明显的台阶。 关键词：     

Influence of impurity elements on the nucleation and growth of Si in high purity melt-spun Al–Si-based alloys

The nucleation and growth of Si has been investigated by TEM in a series of high purity melt spun Al–5Si (wt%)-based alloys with a trace addition of Fe and Sr. In the as-melt-spun condition, some twinned Si particles were found to form directly from the liquid along the grain boundary. The addition of Sr into Al–5Si-based alloys promotes the twinning of Si particles on the grain boundary and the formation of Si precipitates in the α-Al matrix. The majority of plate-shaped and truncated pyramid-shaped Si precipitates were also found to nucleate and grow along {111}_α-Al planes from supersaturated solid solution in the α-Al matrix. In contrast, controlled slow cooling decreased the amount of Si precipitates, while the size of the Si precipitates increased. The orientation relationship between these Si precipitates and the α-Al matrix still remained cube to cube. The β-Al₅FeSi intermetallic was also observed, depending on subsequent controlled cooling.     

Orientation dependence of the surface segregation kinetics in Cu-6 at % Ge alloy

The surface segregation kinetics of germanium on the (110), (111), and (100) faces of Cu-6 at % Ge alloy has been investigated in the temperature range of 525–700 K by electron spectroscopy. In the initial annealing stage, Ge is accumulated on the surface, forming a phase similar to a supersaturated solid solution. When the Ge concentration reaches 25–40 at % (depending on the face), it forms well-ordered 2D phases, whose structure is determined by the face orientation. In the surface region the bulk diffusion parameters exhibit anisotropy; the Ge diffusion activation energy is minimum near the (110) face.     

Formation of NI80P20 solid solution phase under pressure

A Ni-P solid solution phase was obtained by quenching of melts under a pressure of 4.5 GPa. This was considered as a metastable high pressure phase. Despite the lack of thermodynamic parameters for Ni₈₀, P₂₀ alloy under pressure, the degree of undercooling, nucleation frequency and crystal growth velocity were calculated. We conclude that metastable phases with the same composition as the melting phase, such as supersaturated solid solution phase and amorphous phase, are easily prepared by high-pressure quenching.     

用磁分析法观察某些铁-镍-铝合金的脱溶过程

用热磁分析方法较仔细地观测了Fe-Ni-Al三元系合金沿β+β′两相区内某一结线上的几个不同成分的合金样品。淬火所得的成分接近Fe₂NiAl的过饱和固溶体在较高温度(～850℃)分解甚快,在一分钟内脱溶基本上完成。在850℃分出的β′相还含铁约35at.％,其居里点在400℃附近。在850℃经短时间回火继以水淬的合金,在600—700℃再经适当的回火,则首次回火所生成的β′相继续迅速分解,在不超过十分钟内损失大量的铁而变成非铁磁性的;其在室温的H_c可增到500奥斯特。这和Б.Г.Лившнц所提出的“继续脱溶”的假设相符。磁性观测的结果证明:β′相的继续脱溶是“可逆的”,就是说,把曾在600—700℃回火的合金重热至850℃时β′相能在几分钟内恢复850℃的平衡成分。Fe₂NiAl过饱和固溶体在较低温度(70O℃以下)分解极慢,并且其过程是明显地“不均匀”的。因此,这种合金不能通过高温淬火继以较低温度(600—700℃)回火的处理来获得高H_c的事实可以用单畴粒子的理论加以解释。     

深过冷Ag-Cu-Ge三元共晶合金的相组成与凝固特征

在Ag_38.5Cu_33.4Ge_28.1三元共晶合金的深过冷实验中，获得的最大过冷度为175 K(0.22T_E). XRD分析表明，不同过冷条件下其共晶组织均由(Ag),(Ge)和η(Cu₃Ge)三相组成. 在小过冷条件下，三个共晶相协同生长，凝固组织粗大.随着过冷度的增大，共晶组织明显细化，(Ge)相与其他两相分离，以初生相方式生长，而(Ag)相与η相始终呈二相层片共晶方式共生生长. 当过冷度超过80 K时，初生相(Ge)由小过冷时的块状转变为具有小面相特征的枝晶方式生长. 部分小面相(Ge)枝晶出现规则的花状，花瓣数介于5—8之间，并且过冷度越大(Ge)相越容易分瓣. 花状(Ge)枝晶的晶体表面为{111}晶面簇，择优生长方向为〈100〉晶向族. 关键词： 三元共晶 晶体形核 深过冷 快速凝固     

Plasticity enhancement in 25Cr15Co hard magnetic alloy deformed in bridgman anvils

In the work, we studied the evolution of structural and mechanical properties of 25Cr15Co hard magnetic alloy under shear deformation in Bridgman anvils at different rotation angles. It is shown that at the initial stage, severe plastic strains in a highly coercive (α₁ + α₂) state are localized in shear bands, in which the α₁ and α₂ phases are dissolved and an oversaturated a solid solution is formed. As this takes place, there arises a mixed structure consisting of misoriented fragments of the (α₁ + α₂) phase surrounded by interlayers of the a solid solution. A further increase in strain degree results in a single-phase nanocrystalline structure with a grain size of about 50 nm. It is found that the dissolution of the α₁ phases in the α₂ matrix under severe plastic deformation causes an increase in the strength characteristics and plasticity of 25Cr15Co alloy at all strain degrees under study. Maximum plasticity is found in the alloy with a mixed structure consisting of submicrocrystalline and cellular sites, and formation of nanocrystalline grains causes the plasticity to decrease somewhat.