基于器件结构提高TADF-OLED器件的发光性能

为了提高以TADF材料作为主体、天蓝色荧光材料作为客体的混合薄膜的OLED器件光电性能,我们调整了器件结构,使主体材料发挥其优势。制备了基本结构为ITO/NPB(40 nm)/DMAC-DPS∶x%BUBD-1(40 nm)/Bphen(30 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al的OLED器件。研究了主-客体材料在不同掺杂浓度下的OLED器件的光电特性。为了提高主体材料的利用率,在空穴传输层和发光层之间加入10 nm的DMAC-DPS作为间隔层;然后,在阳极和空穴传输层之间加入HAT-CN作为空穴注入层,形成HAT-CN/NPB结构的PN结,有效降低了器件的启亮电压(2.7 V)。测量了有无HAT-CN的单空穴器件的阻抗谱。结果表明,在最佳掺杂比例(2%)下,器件的外量子效率(EQE)达到4.92%,接近荧光OLED的EQE理论极限值;加入10 nm的DMAC-DPS作为间隔层,使得器件的EQE达到5.37%;HAT-CN/NPB结构的PN结有效地降低了器件的启亮电压(2.7 V),将OLED器件的EQE提高到5.76%;HAT-CN的加入提高了器件的空穴迁移率,降低了单空穴器件的阻抗。TADF材料作为主体材料在提高OLED器件的光电性能方面具有很大的潜力。     

紫外臭氧处理超薄银修饰ITO电极的高效柔性有机太阳能电池（英文）

以紫外臭氧处理超薄Ag复合MoO_3或PEDOT∶PSS修饰ITO电极的高效柔性有机太阳能电池。通过优化紫外臭氧处理Ag薄膜的时间,提高了以P3HT∶PCBM为有源层的器件的功率转换效率,从1.68%(未经过紫外臭氧处理)提高到2.57%(紫外臭氧处理Ag 1 min)。提高的原因推测是紫外臭氧处理形成了AgO_x薄膜,提高了电荷提取并使器件具有高光学透明度、低串联电阻和优异的表面功函数等一些性能。并且,紫外臭氧处理Ag薄膜与MoO_3或者PEDOT∶PSS复合修饰ITO的器件效率分别得到提高,Ag薄膜与MoO_3复合修饰ITO的器件效率从2.02%(PET/ITO/MoO_3)提高到2.97%(PET/ITO/AgO x/MoO_3),Ag薄膜与PEDOT∶PSS复合修饰ITO的器件效率从2.01%(PET/ITO/PEDOT∶PSS)提高到2.93%(PET/ITO/AgO x/PEDOT∶PSS)。此外,以PBDTTT-EFT∶PC71BM为有源层的柔性聚合物太阳能电池效率可达6.21%。基于ITO的柔性光电器件效率的提高主要归于ITO被Ag/PEDOT∶PSS或Ag/MoO_3修饰后功函数的提高。     

一种提高有机电致发光器件发光效率的新方法:金属超薄层

在有机电致发光器件中插入金属超薄层常会带来一些意想不到的作用。在无机材料MoQ_3与有机材料TPD之间插入5 nm金属层Au,制备了结构为ITO/MoO_3(5 nm)/Au(5 nm)/TPD/AlQ/LiF/Al的OLED器件。相对于没有金属层Au的器件,发光效率得到了提高。通过分析认为Au在TPD和MoO_3之间形成一个小的空穴陷阱,在降低了器件中的电流密度的同时,由于5nm的Au对AlQ绿光的光透过率大于80%,发光亮度未受明显影响,是发光效率提高的原因。本文为提高OLED器件发光效率提供了新的思路和实验依据。     

ITO表面研磨处理对有机电致发光器件性能的影响

用一种特制的纳米研磨粉磨擦方法处理ITO表面,用扫描探针显微镜研究了ITO表面形貌, 发现ITO表面尖峰明显减少, 表面粗糙度降低;研究了ITO处理与没做处理的双层结构有机电致发光器件,发现ITO处理的器件在亮度和效率方面都有明显提高。分析了器件性能提高的原因,认为是由于ITO处理的器件提高了注入载流子并且降低了界面势垒。     

绿色磷光微腔有机电致发光器件研究

使用典型绿色磷光材料Ir(ppy)3作为发光层,DBR和金属Al作为微腔的一对反射镜,制备了结构为Glass/DBR/ITO/Mo O3(1 nm)/Tc Ta(40 nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)3(40 nm,6%)/TPBI(47 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(80 nm)的绿色磷光微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLED),同时制作了无腔对比OLED器件,研究微腔结构对器件发光性能的影响。发现OLED的电致发光谱(EL)的峰值是510 nm,半峰全宽(FWHM)为70 nm,MOLED的峰值是514 nm,FWHM为35 nm,比OLED窄化了1/2,MOLED的最大亮度、最大电流效率分别为143000 cd/m2和64.4 cd/A,OLED的最大亮度、最大电流效率分别为103000 cd/m2和41.6 cd/A;测试并计算了器件的外量子效率(EQE),MOLED和OLED的最大EQE分别为18.6%和14.3%。结果表明,微腔器件发光性能比无腔器件得到了很大的改善。     

ITO界面调制层对GZO电极LED器件性能的影响

采用磁控溅射制备GZO和具有ITO界面调控层的GZO(ITO/GZO)透明导电薄膜作为大功率LED的电流扩散层,对比研究界面调控层对LED器件性能的影响。研究结果表明,ITO/GZO薄膜的透过率在可见光区达80%以上,退火后的ITO/GZO薄膜有较低的电阻率(1.15×10^-3 Ω·cm)。ITO调控层的介入能够调制GZO表面粗糙度,有利于改善LED外量子效率,降低GZO/p-GaN界面的接触势垒,提高LED器件的光电性 能。通过ITO界面调控后,LED器件20 mA驱动电流下的工作电压从9.5 V降低为6.8 V,发光强度从245 mcd 升到297 mcd,提高了20%;驱动电流为35 mA时,其发光强度从340.5 mcd 升到511 mcd,提高了50%。     

非掺杂型高效绿色磷光有机电致发光器件

在空穴传输层TCTA与电子传输层TPBi之间引入磷光染料Ir(ppy)3超薄发光层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO_3(2 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/Ir(ppy)3(xnm)/TPBi(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(80 nm)的非掺杂磷光有机电致发光器件。通过调控非掺杂发光层的厚度,详细研究了Ir(ppy)3层厚度对器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,当非掺杂发光层厚度为0.2 nm时,器件的性能最好,器件的亮度、效率和外量子效率分别达到26 350 cd·m~(-2)、42.9 cd·A~(-1)和12.9%。研究结果表明,采用超薄的非掺杂发光层可以简化器件结构和制备工艺,获得高效率的OLED器件。     

不同微腔结构有机电致发光器件的电致发光光谱模拟

采用传输矩阵法对有机电致发光器件(OLED)、微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLED)和耦合微腔有机电致发光器件(CMC)的电致发光光谱(EL)进行了模拟计算。OLED、MOLED和CMC的结构分别为glass/ITO(134 nm)/NPB(74 nm)/Alq_3(62 nm)/Al、glass/DBR/ITO(134 nm)/NPB(74 nm)/Alq_3(62 nm)/Al和glass/DBR_1/filler/DBR_2/ITO(134 nm)/NPB(74 nm)/Alq_3(62 nm)/Al。通过模拟计算发现:OLED光谱呈宽带发射,主峰峰值位于561 nm,肩峰峰值位于495 nm;MOLED光谱呈单峰窄带发射,峰值位于534 nm;CMC光谱呈双峰窄带发射,峰值分别位于520 nm和556 nm。MOLED光谱的色纯度最高;OLED与MOLED的光谱积分面积基本相同;CMC的光谱积分面积是OLED或MOLED的1.1倍,发光效率最高。结果表明,采用双耦合微腔结构可有效提高OLED的发光效率,改善发光的色纯度。     

阳极/有机层界面LiF层在OLED中的空穴缓冲作用

使用真空热蒸发镀膜法,在OLED层状结构中引入不同厚度的LiF作阳极修饰层,制备了结构为ITO/LiF/TPD/Alq₃/Al的器件。LiF超薄层的引入较好地修饰了ITO表面,减少了阳极和有机层界面缺陷态的形成,增强了器件的稳定性。实验结果表明: LiF层有效地阻挡空穴注入,增强载流子注入平衡,提高了器件的亮度和效率,含有1 nm厚LiF空穴缓冲层器件的性能最好,效率较不含缓冲层器件提高了近1.5倍。     

等离子体聚合物发光性质的研究

通过等离子体聚合合成了发光聚合物,反应条件的改变可使聚合物的荧光峰值从415nm变化到550nm。对聚合物的荧光性质进行了讨论,且制备了电致发光器件LED(A1/聚萘/ITO),实现了其电致发光。结果表明等离子体聚合物的电致发光与光致发光产生的机理基本相同,都是由聚合物中的多个生色团产生的。     

Light extraction efficiency enhancement in organic light emitting diodes based on optimized multilayer structures

The main focus of this study is to improve the light extraction efficiency, as well as directionality of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using multi-layer structures between Indium tin Oxide (ITO) and glass layers in a typical OLED. In conventional OLEDs, only about half of the light generated in the emission zone can reach to the glass substrate due to refractive index mismatch in ITO (n = 1.8?i0.01)/glass (n = 1.51) interface. The main attempt is to reduce the share of total internal reflection (TIR) and hence, the effect of different structures such as Thue-Morse and Fibonacci have been investigated and optimized with suitable layer thickness and materials based on Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). The most effective Multi-layer structures have been added to conventional OLED and have been analyzed the extraction efficiency using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Results show large enhancement of extraction efficiency (about 40%) in ITO/glass interface. Using this idea and applying micro-lenses array to glass substrate at the same time, one can get even higher extraction efficiency in OLED. The interesting aspect of this project is its easy fabrication process in order to commercialize the product with highest extraction efficiency and low fabrication cost.     

Nickel doped indium tin oxide anode and effect on dark spot development of organic light-emitting devices

This article demonstrated that introducing nickel (Ni) atoms into an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode could considerably decrease ITO surface roughness and eliminate the formation of dark spots of an organic light-emitting device (OLED). A dramatic drop in surface roughness from 6.52 nm of an conventional ITO to 0.46 nm of an 50 nm Ni(50 W)-doped ITO anode was observed, and this led to an improved lifetime performance of an Alq3 based OLED device attributed to reduced dark spots. Reducing thickness of Ni-doped ITO anode was found to worsen surface roughness. Meanwhile, the existence of Ni atoms showed little effect on deteriorating the light-emitting mechanism of OLED devices.     

顶发射白光OLED微型显示器的蓝光掺杂特性研究

白光OLED微型显示器在信息显示领域具有重要的应用。采用真空镀膜系统,依次蒸镀Ag/ITO复合薄膜作为阳极结构,共蒸制备Mg∶Ag复合膜作为半透明阴极结构,NPB作为空穴传输材料和黄光主体材料,rubrene作为黄光掺杂料,AND作为蓝光主体料,DSA-Ph作为蓝光掺杂料,Alq3作为电子传输材料,以结构和工艺简化的蓝、黄光互补色来实现白光,通过共蒸发形式制备了结构为Ag/ITO/NPB/NPB∶rubrene（1.5%）/ADN∶DSA-Ph（x%/x=2,5,8）/Alq3/Mg∶Ag的白光OLED微型显示器,利用由Photo Research PR655光谱仪、Keithley 2400程控电源组成的光谱测试系统对器件的光电性能进行表征,研究了蓝光掺杂比对白光OLED微型显器性能的影响。结果表明,随着蓝光掺杂比的增加,白光OLED微型显示器的亮度先增加后降低,蓝光、黄光峰位有所偏移,色坐标发生一定的漂移,蓝光色纯度增加,可通过调控发光材料掺杂比实现白光OLED微型显示器性能的可控制备。初步优化获得的蓝、黄混合白光OLED微型显示器的器件,当驱动电压为5.0 V时,器件亮度达到3 679 cd·m-2,CIE坐标为（0.263,0.355）。     

有机微腔绿色发光二极管

光学微腔是指尺寸在光波长量级的光学微型谐振腔。微腔结构可以使腔内物质和光场的相互作用与体材料相比发生很大变化,出现了自发辐射谱线窄化和增强等腔效应。利用这些腔效应,可以改善有机发光器件的性能。采用微腔结构,优化设计并研制了有机微腔绿色发光二极管,器件结构为Glass/DBR/ITO/NPB/Alq∶Rubrene/Alq/MgAg,获得了最大亮度40100 cd/m2、最大发光效率为6.44 cd/A、半峰全宽为28 nm的纯绿色有机微腔电致发光器件。而与之比较的无腔器件最大亮度为22580 cd/m2、最大发光效率为2.98 cd/A、半峰全宽为120 nm。相同电流密度下微腔电致发光谱的峰值发射强度是无腔器件的4.2倍。结果表明将微腔结构引入有机电致发光器件中,不但改善了发光的色纯度,而且使器件的发光效率和亮度都得到明显增强。     

阴极修饰层CuPc、ZnPc、C60对OLED光电性能的影响

采用真空蒸镀法分别制备了以CuPc、ZnPc、C₆₀为阴极修饰层的OLED,对比研究了它们对OLED光电性能的影响。从能级结构、表面形貌、折射率及纳米界面等方面对载流子注入和输运进行了探讨。结果表明:修饰层使器件性能显著提高,它不仅降低OLED开启电压（最低至4.2 V）、提高OLED电流密度及发光效率（最高至13.49 lm/W）,同时增强了器件的发光稳定性（180 s后光强保持在90%以上）,其中以CuPc为阴极修饰层的器件表现的性能最好。发光光谱方面,以CuPc和ZnPc作为修饰层的器件对550~650 nm的红光部分略有吸收,而C₆₀作为修饰层的器件光谱则无太大变化,这是由修饰层材料的吸收系数随不同波长而变化所致。实验结果说明,若想较大程度地提高器件电性能,酞菁材料是不错的选择;若对光谱有要求,可用C₆₀做阴极修饰层。     

纳米硅薄膜复合阳极的绿色微腔式OLED的研究

采用甚高频增强型等离子体化学气相沉积技术,通过优化薄膜的沉积条件制备出高性能的P nc Si∶H薄膜材料(σ=5.86 S/cm、Eopt>2.0 eV).通过XRD测量计算出薄膜<111>、<220>和<311>三个晶向上的晶粒大小分别为15 nm、17 nm和21 nm;通过Raman测量,计算出其晶化率为35％左右.实验中,将P型纳米硅薄膜与氧化铟锡一起构成有机电致发光器件的复合阳极,研究了他们的发光特性,结果表明：由于P nc Si∶H薄膜材料具有近似半反半透的光学特性,它与高反射率的阴极Al使有机电致发光器件产生了微腔效应,使其发光光谱窄化,半宽高由126 nm窄化到33 nm;发光光亮明显增强,最大亮度为47 130 cd/m2,最大发光效率为9.543 83 cd/A,与以ITO为阴极的无腔器件相比,提高了约127%.     

PrF3阳极缓冲层对OLED器件性能的影响

使用真空热蒸镀法制备的OLED器件,利用不同厚度的PrF3作阳极缓冲层,并和未加缓冲层的器件进行了对比.实验结果表明:0.5nm厚的PrF3阳极缓冲层可以有效增强OLED器件的空穴注入能力,增强电子和空穴的浓度平衡,优化器件的电致发光特性.器件的最大电流效率为4.9 cd/A,最大亮度为33 600 cd/m2,分别是...     

The effects of sodium in ITO by pulsed laser deposition on organic light-emitting diodes

The depth profile of ITO on glass was measured by the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOFSIMS) which revealed high sodium (Na) ion concentration at the ITO surface as well as at the ITO–glass interface as a result of out diffusion with substrate heating. Effects of Na ions on the performance of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) were studied by etching away a few tens of nanometers off the ITO surface with a dilute aquaregia solution of HNO₃:HCl:H₂O. A single-layer, molecularly doped ITO/(PVK+TPD+Alq₃)/Al OLEDs were fabricated on bare and etched ITO samples. Although the removal of a 10-nm layer of ITO surface increased the voltage range, brightness, and lifetime, it was insufficient to correlate these improvements with solely to the Na ion reduction without considering the surface roughness.     

Model and simulation on the efficiencies of microcavity OLEDs

This paper presents simple calculation models of the external quantum efficiency and power efficiency for the microcavity OLEDs. The models take into account the energy spatial distribution of the device and provide a rough estimate of the efficiencies for the planar surface emitting devices, by which the integrating sphere and monochrometer were saved. The external quantum efficiency and luminous current efficiency from the structures of glass/DBR/ITO/NPB/Alq: C545T/Alq/LiF/Al and glass/ITO/NPB/Alq: C545T/Alq/LiF/Al were calculated based on these models and the measured data. Comparing with conventional OLED, the external quantum efficiency and luminous current efficiency of the MOLED were improved 3.1% and 8% at low current density (< 10 mA/cm², corresponding to the display brightness range), respectively.