薄原子蒸气的双光子Dicke窄化选择反射光谱

研究了囚禁于两电介质面间的(A)型三能级原子的双光子Dicke窄化选择反射(TDNSR)光谱.通过对不同膜厚及不同抽运光强度的TDNSR线璎的分析,发现由于蒸气中的原子与电介质表面碰撞的消激发效应和薄蒸气膜中的慢原子效应,以及双光子光谱的消多普勒配置,TDNSR线型在很多情形下表现为亚多普勒结构,且线型随 蒸气膜层的厚度与探测光波长的比值呈周期性变化.当L=2mλ/4(m为正整数)时,TDNSR消失.而当2mλ/4< L<(2m 2)A/4时.线型为典型的色散曲线,且L趋近(2m 1)λ/4时对称性增强.精确调谐强抽运光于能级|2>-|3>的跃迁时,在探测光的共振区域△d=0附近,TDNSR极高的变化率表明探测光具有显著的群速变慢效应.     

两电介质间慢速原子的吸收特性

从理论上研究了在不考虑Fabry-Perot效应时两电介质间原子蒸汽膜的吸收光谱,发现在很多情形下表现为Dicke窄化结构的谱线与入射角、膜的厚度和入射波长的比值L/λ有关.我们也讨论了当L/λ=1/2时,吸收峰和带宽相对于入射角的变化.     

级联三能级原子薄蒸汽膜的色散特性

从理论上讨论了囚禁于两电介质间的级联三能级系统薄原子蒸汽膜的色散特性.由于腔中慢速原子及泵浦-探测机制的速度选择贡献,色散谱线表现为Dicke窄化的亚多普勒结构及明显的慢光效应,当泵浦光和探测光异侧入射时这种现象更为突出.两个叠加的色散线型,一个对应光学泵浦,另一个对应可能出现的电磁诱致透明.     

受限原子蒸气/电介质周期层状结构中光子带隙的厚度调制

周期性受限原子蒸气/电介质层光子带隙(PBG)宽度及其诱导的反射平顶随蒸气层厚度d的增大而变宽,并在d/(λ0/2)=0.5(λ0为原子的共振波长)时达到最大值,之后随d的增大呈变窄趋势.随着蒸气厚度的增大,带隙的中心频率产生红移,厚度越大,红移量越大.研究还发现,共振波长处的反射及透射谱具有迪克窄化结构.这种可调谐的PBGs结构可望用于全光反射镜及滤波器.     

基于铷原子双光子跃迁的原子谱线展宽机制教学演示

测量原子光谱是揭示微观粒子微观结构与运动规律的重要手段，因而从本科到研究生阶段都会涉及到相关领域的教学，特别是光谱的相关教学。然而，由多普勒效应等引起的非均匀展宽及原子碰撞等引起的均匀展宽极大限制了谱线的分辨精度。在科学技术的发展中，为了获得更高的分辨精度，消除原子谱线的展宽成为重点研究方向。而在相关教学方面，碱金属原子体系由于其优异的能级特性，成为了研究展宽机制的有效途径。而在目前的本科教学中，缺乏除对多普勒展宽以外的多种原子谱线展宽机制的演示。因此，本文利用铷原子5S_1/2→5P_3/2→5D_5/2双光子跃迁谱线，测量改变激光功率、原子池温度等条件下引起的原子谱线半宽变化，验证双光子跃迁的同时，重点演示了原子谱线展宽的机制以及谱线半宽的测量方法。通过本实验，本科生一方面可以掌握原子谱线展宽与双光子跃迁的相关知识，以更深刻地理解了理论知识的内涵，另一方面通过自主搭建实验仪器锻炼了本科生的动手能力，对提升物理专业本科学生的素养尤为重要。本文所展示的实验装置简单，易于搭建，适合课堂演示和实验教学。     

氩原子共振增强多光子电离谱--奇对称性里德堡态

利用脉冲放电产生氩原子亚稳态4s2[3/2]°2和4s′2[1/2]°0,在610～670nm波长范围内,利用共振增强多光子电离和飞行时间质谱技术得到氩原子(2+1)REMPI谱.光谱分析表明所有谱线来源于氩原子4s2[3/2]2和4s′2[1/2]°0两个亚稳态向16个奇对称性里德堡态双光子跃迁,并标识所有谱线.同时首次在实验上观察到一个长序列的3p54s′2[1/2]°0→3p5nd2[1/2]°1(n=8～31)双光子跃迁.在实验技术上,提供了一种研究惰性气体原予以及其它原子高里德堡态和自电离态的新方法.     

多微管阵列结构腔-原子吸收光谱测量Rb同位素比

Rb同位素分析在地质探索和环境监测中具有重要应用价值.本文基于可调谐激光吸收光谱技术,通过热分解的样品处理方式,搭建了一套Rb同位素吸收光谱测量装置,实现了Rb同位素比稳定测量.并通过新型多微管阵列结构设计原子发生器,增强了其原子束准直能力,有效抑制了光谱的多普勒效应,提高Rb同位素光谱分辨率.装置选用钽金属制作6 mm口径的高温原子发生器,内部堆叠1 mm口径微管阵列,发生器经电阻加热最高可达3000℃.实验通过高温(600℃)催化Rb₂CO₃样品释放气态Rb原子,同步利用探测激光通过Rb原子进行测量,获得高分辨率Rb原子吸收光谱,结合谱线参数反演获得自然丰度Rb₂CO₃样品中Rb同位素比(⁸⁵Rb:⁸⁷Rb)为2.441±0.02,探测误差为5.9%,⁸⁷Rb检测极限达1.76‰(3σ).实验结果表明,相较于传统的单管结构,采用多微管阵列结构进行测量时,Rb原子谱线展宽降低了约450 MHz (半高全宽),可有效区分Rb同位素的吸...     

243—263nm S原子Rydberg态的(2+1)共振增强多光子电离

在243—263nm波长范围,测量了S⁺分质量激发谱,得到SO₂分子光解产生的S原子近50条(2+1)共振增强多光子电离谱线．除了来自S原子基态3p⁴³P_2,1,0直至n=10的Rydberg态³P,³D,³F的许多双光子跃迁谱线外,观察到若干新的¹P⁰,⁵S^关键词：     

双光子激发钾5d2DJ态的光波混频和参量过程

将一倍频Nd:YAG激光泵浦的染料激光光束聚焦于热管炉中。用双光子将钾激发到5d²D_J能级,研究了钾蒸汽中所产生的光学混频和参量过程。在302—421nm范围内共获得相干辐射谱线28条。用基于波动方程、原子极化率和位相匹配条件建立起来的理论,对参量过程谱线的分裂和频移以及混频过程谱线波长和相对强度进行了分析计算。理论和实验结果相符。 关键词：     

基于单波长外腔共振和频技术产生波长可调谐589 nm激光及钠原子饱和荧光谱的测量

本文基于新型单波长外腔共振和频技术实现了转换效率高、波长可调谐589 nm激光的输出, 其中基频光波长分别为1583 nm和938 nm, 和频晶体为周期极化铌酸锂. 在1583 nm激光频率被锁定到外部环形腔腔模后, 通过对938 nm激光的频率扫描实现了输出功率4.96 mW, 调谐范围7 GHz的589 nm激光输出, 并采用声光调制器的伺服反馈技术有效提高了输出功率的稳定性. 最后采用该光源对钠原子在348—413 K (75—140 ℃)时D₂线的饱和荧光谱进行了测量. 观察到了多普勒背景下钠D₂a, D₂b以及Crossover的亚多普勒结构, 其均可为589 nm频率的锁定提供参考信号. 关键词： 单波长外腔共振 和频 589 nm 钠原子饱和荧光谱     

Measurement of two-photon absorption using the photo-thermal lens effect

We report on new schemes for pump-probe photo-thermal lens methods aimed for measuring the two-photon absorption coefficient of a given material. We show that by focusing a probe beam in the presence of a nearly collimated pump beam, we create a thermal lens which yields measurement of the two-photon absorption coefficient of nitrobenzene of (3.9 ± 0.3) 10⁻¹⁰ cm/W at 532 nm. We also show that when the pump field is focused in the presence of a nearly collimated probe beam the width of the z-scan signature of a two-photon absorption process is nearly one order of magnitude smaller than that of a one-photon process. We show experimental evidence of the effect obtained for nitrobenzene.     

双光子吸收的Franz-Keldysh效应

从实验上证实Hg_0.695Cd_0.305Te 光电二极管空间电荷区中存在双光子吸收的Franz-Keldysh效应.利用一个皮秒Nd:YAG激光器抽运的光学参量产生器和差频产生器作为激发光源,测量了入射波长为λ₀=7.92μm的脉冲激光所激发的光响应随入射光强的变化关系.脉冲光响应峰值强度随入射光强的增大呈现二次幂函数增强趋势.采用等效RC电路模型将脉冲光伏信号峰值与入射光强相关联,得到空间电荷区中强电场下单光束 关键词： Franz-Keldysh效应 碲镉汞 双光子吸收 脉冲光伏信号     

Arrangement of a 4Pi microscope for reducing the confocal detection volume with two-photon excitation

The main advantage of two-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy is the low absorption obtained with live tissues at the wavelengths of operation. However, the resolution of two-photon fluorescence confocal microscopes is lower than in the case of one-photon excitation. The 4Pi microscope type C working in two-photon regime, in which the excitation beams are coherently superimposed and, simultaneously, the emitted beams are also coherently added, has shown to be a good solution for increasing the resolution along the optical axis and for reducing the amplitude of the side lobes of the point spread function. However, the resolution in the transverse plane is poorer than in the case of one-photon excitation due to the larger wavelength involved in the two-photon fluorescence process. In this paper we show that a particular arrangement of the 4Pi microscope, referenced as 4Pi′ microscope, is a solution for obtaining a lateral resolution in the two-photon regime similar or even better to that obtained with 4Pi microscopes working in the one-photon excitation regime.     

Absorption Changes Induced by Off-Resonance Driving a Degenerate Two-Level System

The alteration of atomic absorption via quantum coherence is observed in the degenerate two-level atomic system. It is shown that when the detuning of coupling field equals to that of probe light, i.e. two-photon resonance, the reduction of atomic absorption via electromagnetically induced transparency occurs. However, when we tune the coupling field to two-photon off-resonance, the enhancement of absorption is obtained for the probe field. The influences of one-photon detuning and intensity of coupling field on absorption are also experimentally demonstrated.     

Fluorescence of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase using one- and two-photon excitation

We examined the steady-state and time-resolved emission of liver alcohol dehydrogenase resulting from one-photon and two-photon excitation. Previous studies with one-photon excitation revealed that the two nonidentical tryptophan residues display different emission spectra and decay times. The use of two-photon excitation resulted in similar emission spectra, multiexponential intensity decays, time-resolved emission spectra, and anisotropy decays as was observed for one-photon excitation. These results suggest that both nonidentical tryptophan residues are excited to a similar extent for one- and two-photon excitation. However, the limiting anisotropy (r ₀) with two-photon excitation from 585 to 610 nm is below 0.1 and appears distinct from that observed previously forN-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide.Abbreviations LADH liver alcohol dehydrogenase - -NAD⁺ -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - OPE one-photon excitation - OPIF one-photon induced fluorescence - TPE two-photon excitation - TCSPC time-correlated single photon counting - TPIF two-photon induced fluorescence     

All optical switching in henna thin film

The optical nonlinearity in henna (Lawson (2- hydroxyl-1,4 naphthoquinone) film was utilized to demonstrate all optical switching. The nonlinear absorption of the henna film was calculated by measuring the transmission of the laser beam (λ = 488 nm) as a function of incident light intensities. The observed nonlinear absorption is attributed to a two-photon absorption process. The pump and probe technique was used to demonstrate all optical switching. The switching characteristics can be utilized to generate all-optical logic gates such as simple inverter switches (NOT) NOR, AND NAND logic functions.     

Shift photocurrent induced by two-quantum transitions

A theory of the shift current induced by direct two-photon and indirect one-photon absorption is developed for noncentrosymmetric crystals. A formula is derived for the microscopic shifts of Bloch electrons induced by two-quantum processes. It is shown that the ratio of the two-photon photocurrent at the photon frequency ω to the photocurrent induced by direct one-photon transitions at the photon frequency 2ω, as compared to the corresponding absorption-rate ratio, contains a large factor {ie152-1}ω/(2{ie152-2}ω − E _g), where E _g is the bandgap; i.e., these photocurrent can be comparable in order of magnitude. For crystals of T _d symmetry, the photocurrents induced by one- and two-photon absorption are compared in terms of polarization dependence.     

Large near resonance third order nonlinearity in GaN

We have studied third order nonlinearities, including two-photon absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index n ₂, of GaN in below bandgap ultraviolet (UV) wavelength regime by using UV femtosecond pulses. Two-photon absorption was investigated by demonstrating femtosecond UV pulsewidth autocorrelation in a GaN thin film while femtosecond Z-scan measurements revealed information for both n ₂ and . The distribution of n ₂ versus wavelength was found to be consistent with a model described by the quadratic Stark effect, which is the dominant factor contributed to the nonlinear refractive index near the bandgap. Large on the order of 10 cm/GW and large negative n ₂ with a magnitude on the order of several 10^–12 cm²/W were obtained. The at near mid-gap infrared (IR) wavelength was also found to be on the order of several cm/GW by using two-photon-type autocorrelations in a GaN thin film. Taking advantage of the large two-photon absorption at mid-gap wavelengths, we have demonstrated excellent image quality on two-photon confocal microscopy, including two-photon-scanning-photoluminescence imaging and two-photon optical-beam-induced current microscopy, on a GaN Hall measurement sample and an InGaN green light emitting diode.     

Two-photon photoionization by singlet–singlet annihilation in polycrystalline,thin perylene films

Two-photon photoionization processes in thin, polycrystalline, α- and β-crystalline perylene films have been investigated for photon energies at the optical absorption threshold. The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is found to be essentially independent of the photon energy, indicating that geometrically relaxed excited states are involved. The high ionization yield at such low photon energies is therefore attributed rather to the annihilation of adiabatically relaxed singlet excitons than to the direct two-photon ionization process. This leads to hole final states different from those obtained in one-photon, vertical ionization processes.