苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ标准物质纯度的核磁共振法测定

采用核磁共振氢谱法(1H NMR)测定了苏丹红Ⅰ及苏丹红Ⅱ标准物质的纯度。分别以国家一级标准物质苯甲酸(GBW 13233)和国家二级标准物质尼泊金乙酯(GBW(E)100064)为内标,以氘代氯仿为溶剂,使用B ruker AVANCE DRX-500 NMR仪进行检测。实验优化了弛豫时间、扫描次数等定量参数,对定量峰的选择与积分进行了讨论。优化后的弛豫时间为30 s,扫描次数为32次;苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ的纯度分别为96.1%、87.5%,其测量相对标准偏差分别为0.4%、0.6%。     

定量核磁共振法测定6种有机氯农药的纯度

建立了定量核磁共振法测定6种有机氯农药(α-六六六、β-六六六、δ-六六六、p,p'-DDT、p,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDD)纯度的定值方法。以有证标准物质尼泊金乙酯为内标,氘代丙酮为溶剂进行1H-NM R谱图分析。对实验参数进行优化,采用优化后的实验条件对6种有机氯农药进行纯度分析,其纯度结果分别为99.58%,98.81%,99.72%,99.46%,99.58%,99.54%,RSD值分别为0.2%,0.3%,0.1%,0.2%,0.2%,0.2%。方法测定结果与气相色谱法结果进行比较,结果一致。     

黄豆黄素纯度标准物质研制

建立黄豆黄素纯度标准物质的研制方法。选择纯度大于98%（质量分数）的黄豆黄素标准品作为标准物质候选物,通过加热和冷冻干燥去除多余的水分。通过红外、质谱、核磁氢谱进行结构确证和表征后分装,采用质量平衡法进行均匀性和稳定性检验。结果显示,标准物质均匀性良好,在常温条件下保存12个月稳定;采用质量平衡法和定量核磁法进行纯度定值,质量平衡法的定值结果为99.09%,定量核磁法的定值结果为99.13%,取平均值99.1%作为最终定值结果;对定值、均匀性和稳定性引入的不确定度进行了系统评定,扩展不确定度为0.3%(k=2)。研制的黄豆黄素纯度标准物质已申报国家一级标准物质,编号为GBW 10171。该标准物质可用于食品、保健品、饲料中黄豆黄素含量检测。     

肌酐纯度标准物质的定值方法及其不确定度评定研究

通过定性及定量分析,研究了肌酐纯度标准物质的定值方法,并进行了定值分析的不确定度评定。首先使用三重四极杆质谱仪及核磁共振谱仪(氢谱)对肌酐样品进行定性分析,然后采用质量平衡法(包括液相色谱法、水分、灰分、挥发性物质和无机元素分析)与定量核磁共振法共同对肌酐纯度标准物质进行准确定值,最后对定值结果进行不确定度评定。肌酐的定值结果为99.7%,扩展不确定度为0.4%。该研究对于实际检测中肌酐的准确测定及临床上相关疾病的正确诊断治疗具有重要意义,且经过定值的肌酐纯品还可做定量核磁共振法的定量内标使用。定量分析后的肌酐经过均匀性检验和稳定性考察后可申报为国家标准物质。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测葡萄酒中8种生物胺

利用分散固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱对进出口葡萄酒中组胺、酪胺、尸胺、腐胺、色胺、精胺、亚精胺和苯乙胺8种生物胺进行分析。葡萄酒样品用去离子水稀释,加入200 mg十八烷基硅烷粉(Octadecylsilyl,ODS)和50 mg N-丙基乙二胺粉(Primary secondary amine,PSA)吸附剂分散固相萃取净化后,以高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行定性和定量分析。选择Phenomenex C18(100 mm×4.6 mm×2.6μm)分析柱,乙腈-0.1‰七氟正丁酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离。质谱采用正离子模式,通过高分辨质谱全扫描模式提取目标化合物精确质量数,利用阈值自动触发全扫描二级质谱功能提高了定性的准确性。8种生物胺在0.2~10.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。方法的定量下限可达1.0 mg/L。在1.0、5.0、10.0 mg/L 3个浓度加标水平下,葡萄酒中8种生物胺的平均回收率为83.7%~101.6%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为3.1%~12.9%。此方法准确灵敏且前处理简单,可作为葡萄酒中生物胺筛选和确认的检测方法。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测葡萄酒中8种生物胺

利用分散固相萃取结合高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱对进出口葡萄酒中组胺、酪胺、尸胺、腐胺、色胺、精胺、亚精胺和苯乙胺8种生物胺进行分析。葡萄酒样品用去离子水稀释,加入200 mg十八烷基硅烷粉（Octadecylsilyl,ODS）和50 mg N-丙基乙二胺粉（Primary secondary amine,PSA）吸附剂分散固相萃取净化后,以高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行定性和定量分析。选择Phenomenex C18（100 mm×4.6 mm×2.6 μm）分析柱,乙腈-0.1‰七氟正丁酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离。质谱采用正离子模式,通过高分辨质谱全扫描模式提取目标化合物精确质量数,利用阈值自动触发全扫描二级质谱功能提高了定性的准确性。8种生物胺在0.2~10.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。方法的定量下限可达1.0 mg/L。在1.0、5.0、10.0 mg/L 3个浓度加标水平下,葡萄酒中8种生物胺的平均回收率为83.7%~101.6%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）为3.1%~12.9%。此方法准确灵敏且前处理简单,可作为葡萄酒中生物胺筛选和确认的检测方法。     

离子色谱法同时测定水源水中的5种生物胺

建立了离子色谱(IC)同时测定水源水中5种生物胺(BA)(腐胺、尸胺、组胺、亚精胺和精胺)的方法。样品经0.45 μm水膜过滤后,用TSK-GEL SuperIC阳离子交换柱(150 mm×4.6 mm)分离,以甲磺酸水溶液为流动相梯度淋洗,流速为1.0 mL/min,非抑制电导检测,进样量为100 μL。实验结果表明,5种生物胺可以实现基线分离;在1.0～30.0 mg/L范围内,其峰面积与质量浓度之间的线性关系良好;保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)均不高于0.02%,峰面积的RSD小于2.08%;加标回收率为96.0%～107.0%。该法简便、快捷、准确,可以用于水源水中腐胺、尸胺、组胺、亚精胺和精胺5种生物胺的同时测定。     

柱后加碱脉冲积分安培检测-离子色谱法测定水产品中十种生物胺

建立了利用淋洗液自动发生梯度淋洗的离子交换色谱法同时测定水产品中酪胺、5-羟色胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、庚二胺、苯乙胺、亚精胺、精胺、色胺等10种生物胺的方法。样品经处理后用Ionpac CS17分离柱和Ionpac CG17型保护柱分离,以EG40自动淋洗液发生器生成的5.0～55 mmol/L的MSA为淋洗液梯度洗脱,脉冲积分安培检测器检测。对梯度进行优化,10种生物胺都能基线分离,并且浓度和峰面积在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限在0.04 mg/kg以下,回收率在91.2%～102.5%之间,样品的RSD(n=6)小于5%。方法可用于水产品的检测。     

NMR定量测定片剂中的对乙酰氨基酚

以基准试剂邻苯二甲酸氢钾为内标,采用1H NMR法建立了对乙酰氨基酚片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量的测定方法。考察了延迟时间、脉冲宽度和采样次数对测定结果的影响。选定核磁共振参数延迟时间1 s、脉冲宽度3μs、采样次数16次。结果显示,测定内标与标样的NMR峰面积比均小于0.4%,方法具有很好的重复性。将内标与标样的NMR峰面积比对其质量比绘制标准曲线,相关系数为1.000 0,内标的质量浓度为6 g/L时,对乙酰氨基酚的线性范围为2～10 g/L。用标准曲线法和绝对定量模式(内标法)测定了3种不同厂家的片剂中对乙酰氨基酚的含量。结果表明此方法与紫外分光光度法的测定结果一致,方法简单易行、结果准确。     

薄层色谱法检测黄酒生物胺的研究

在传统薄层色谱检测技术的基础上,建立了一种改良的生物胺测定薄层色谱检测方法,并将该方法应用于不同发酵阶段及不同年份黄酒的生物胺检测。结果表明,该方法可以成功定性、定量检测黄酒中的生物胺,酒中主要是酪胺、组胺、亚精胺、尸胺和腐胺,其中组胺含量未超过50 mg/kg,生物胺总量未超过1 000 mg/kg,符合食品中生物胺限量标准。从生物胺的角度,说明黄酒是安全性食品。另外,与高效液相色谱法相比,本方法不但实现了黄酒生物胺的定性、定量分析,且操作简便、费用低,可同时检测多个样品。     

脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚结构的核磁共振波谱表征

从工业和合成产品脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚中用TLC和快速色谱(FC)分离精制得到6个脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚模型化合物，用^1H、^13C、gCOSY，gHSQC和gHMBC等核磁共振波谱和质谱表征了其结构，完成了^1H和^13C NMR谱带的归属，为本系列化合物的结构和EO分布鉴定提供了依据，并给出了计算本系列化合物叔胺值的方法。考察了酸性条件对脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚化合物相关基团化学位移的影响。     

医疗诊断新技术--磁共振成像术

本文介绍了2003年诺贝尔生理医学奖项的内容-磁共振成像技术。简述了核磁共振(NMR)和磁共振成像(MRI)的基本原理,介绍了目前MRI造影剂的研究进展。     

Lithiation–alkylation of polystyrene occurs only on the ring

When polystyrene is treated with an organolithium reagent, the hydrogen on the para carbon is removed and this position may be alkylated with e.g., iodomethane or chlorotrimethylsilane. The metalation occurs directly at this position and does not involve metalation at the benzylic carbon with resonance distribution of the charge to the ring. The reaction of cumene with butyllithium also occurs by direct ring metalation and it is shown that these results are consistent with both the kinetic and the thermodynamic acidity of the hydrocarbons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Reaction of tanshinones with biogenic amine metabolites in vitro

The reaction of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA with several biogenic amine metabolites involved in the pathogenic pathways of hepatic encephalopathy are investigated and eleven 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydrophenanthrene derivatives, 2–10, 14 and 16, are obtained. The probable mechanisms on reaction are discussed.     

Less is More: How Compressed Sensing is Transforming Metrology in Chemistry

Mathematics has had a profound impact on science, providing a means to understand the world around us in unprecedented ways. With the advent of the digital age, the subject of information theory has grown hugely in importance. In particular, over the last two decades significant advances in our understanding of sampling and function reconstruction have culminated in the development of an idea known as compressed sensing. What seems like an abstract idea is now having a profound impact throughout the scientific world—from enabling high‐resolution imaging of pediatric patients in clinical medicine through to advancing 3D electron tomography images of nanoparticle catalysts and NMR spectroscopy studies of proteins. In this Minireview, we summarize these applications and provide an outlook on how the principles of compressed sensing are leading to entirely new approaches to measurement throughout the physical and life sciences.     

Self‐diffusion in a hyaluronic acid–albumin–water system as studied by NMR

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic biopolymer that is present in many tissues and can be involved in cancerous neoformations. HA can form complexes with proteins (particularly, serum albumin) in the body. However, HA structures and processes involving HA have not been extensively studied by NMR because the molecule's rigid structure makes these studies problematic. In the current work, self‐diffusion of HA and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and water in solutions was measured by ¹H pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) with a focus on the HA‐BSA‐D₂O systems at various concentrations of BSA and HA. It was shown that in the presence of even a small amount of HA, the self‐diffusion coefficient (SDC) of BSA decreases. To explain this fact, three hypotheses were proposed and analyzed. The first one was based on the effect of slowing down of water mobility in the presence of HA. The second hypothesis suggested an effect of mechanical collisions of BSA with HA molecules. The third hypothesized that BSA and HA molecules form a complex where BSA molecules reduced in mobility. It was shown that the third mechanism is the most likely. The state of the BSA molecules in the BSA‐HA‐D₂O system corresponds to a ‘fast exchange’ condition from the NMR point of view: BSA molecules reside in the ‘free’ and ‘bound’ (with HA) states for much shorter time than the diffusion time of the PFG NMR experiment, 7 ms. The fractions of ‘bound’ BSA molecules in the BSA‐HA complex were estimated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NMR频率综合器的微机控制

为实现ＰＴＳ系列频率综合器的微机控制，设计了一种简单的控制电路。在微机的控制下，通过该电路与微机的并行通讯口，用Ｃ语言编写的控制程序可以很方便的控制频率综合器的输出频率。控制程序采用菜单操作，电路所需的＋５Ｖ电源由微机提供，整个控制系统简单实用，值得推广。