营养液自动检测装置

本实用新型所述的营养液自动检测装置由检测器件、信号预处理电路、数据采集器、信号处理电路及其外设组成，只需测量离子选择电极及其参比电极和温度传感器输出的信号就可计算出离子浓度，可以直接在线使用。减少了硬件电路和仪表体积，经一次标定后可连续使用，操作过程亦简单方便；计算过程快速准确，滞后时间短，测量速度较快，有利于在线检测及控制。能够实现营养液浓度自动检测。并且结构简单、操作方便，设备的稳定性和可靠性好。能长期稳定的为无土栽培提供浓度有保证的营养液，为作物在最优营养环境下生长提供了保障。     

压电晶体传感器阵列测定装置及数据采集系统

研究了一种利用微机控制测量和采集压电晶体传感器阵列振荡频率的智能型仪器。介绍了其硬件及数据采集软件的功能，结构等。     

半导体端面泵浦固体激光打标器在塑料行业中的应用

简单介绍了激光打标技术和对比了半导体侧面泵浦固体激光打标器、半导体端面泵浦固体激光打标器和光纤激光打标器三种激光打标器,介绍了半导体端面泵浦固体激光打标器的工作原理,并针对应用于塑料行业时影响打标效果的关键参数,如电流、频率、速度等进行简要的分析。     

可变波长紫外—可见光检测器的研制和应用

本文介绍可变波长紫外－可见光检测器的研制和应用。采用凹面全息光栅、光导纤维分束器等新技术，以及锥形流通池设计，构成双光束光学系统，以功率ＭＯＳ场效应晶体管新型功率器件构成灯电源电路，单片微机控制系统完成时各个机械部件的控制，以及提供固定波长、时变波长两种工作模式。本文还以ＮＯ２－和Ｂｒ分离检测例证实时变波长工作模式，将显著地提高检测灵敏度。     

一种新型自动数字滴定管的研制

本文报道一种新型自动数字滴定管，采用马利奥特恒流器和石英数字计时器设计而成，液流无脉动、无滞后，滴定剂用量（或滴定度）用时间计量和数字显示，避免了使用容量滴定管产生的问题和困难，这种自动数字滴定管电路简单，造价低廉、操作简便，可简便地与计算机连接以实现自动化，实际应用结果令人满意。     

MP—1溶出分析仪的联机卡尔曼滤波分辨重叠极谱波

利用ＰＣ微机的并行打印口和ＭＰ－１溶出分析仪的绘图仪端，通过接口电路实现微机对ＭＰ－１仪的数据采集，在对读入微机的极谱信号进行预处理后，用联机卡尔曼滤波方法实现了Ｉｎ，Ｃｄ重叠极谱波的分辨，结果表明，当Ｉｎ，Ｃｄ两组相对浓度比为１：１６～１３：１时，在本联机系统上可满意地用卡尔曼滤波法实现双组分同时测定。     

显微光密度计的维修

本室的1010M型显微光密度计是一台以MOTORDLAM 6800 cpu 8位微机控制的光机电一体化的平台式数字图象采集仪器。其辅助设备有2100A型磁带机及COMATAL图象处理系统。该仪器自开机十多年来，工作基本正常，性能较好，但也出现过一些故障。下面就如何排除这些故障作一简单介绍。     

离子束切割及激光脉冲输出时控系统

本文介绍一种可同时用于控制声光调制的钇铝石榴石激光器脉冲输出重复频率和次数以及激光离子源产生的离子流脉冲切割时控系统,并叙述了它的功能和基本线路。该系统可与PC微机、单板机或单片机连接使用。     

基于国产仪器研究钨丝原子吸收光谱

用标准的150 W幻灯灯泡的钨丝作原子化加热材料,设计制作了一种新颖的、结构简单的钨丝电热原子化器,同时还设计了该原子化器的电源电路和信号的数据采集电路.该原子化器能的最高原子化温度可达3100 K左右;编写了硬件的控制软件和信号处理的应用软件.用该原子化器将实验室一台火焰原子吸收光谱仪改装成钨丝原子吸收光谱仪,并以铜元素标准溶液和PerkinElmer公司多元素标准溶液对仪器性能作了研究.仪器对铜的检出限为0.0133 μg/mL,线性范围为0.10～4.0 μg/mL;对1.0 μg/mL的铜标准溶液测试的相对标准偏差为RSD=4.1%(测试次数n=10),每次分析所需样品量20 μL.     

稀土基氧化物忆阻器的研究进展

忆阻器是一种将电荷和磁通量关联起来的电路学基本元器件，在量纲上它与电阻相同，表现为随电压电流变换的非线性电阻变换行为。作为一种新型的非易失性存储器件，忆阻器具有结构简单、存储密度高和能够模拟生物神经突触等特性。因其独特的“记忆特性”，在阻变存储器、人工神经网络和非线性运算电路设计等领域被广泛的研究。其中，稀土基氧化物忆阻器因其更加稳定的性能和多元的应用前景，成为忆阻器研究关注的热门材料。但目前对于稀土氧化物材料，尤其对重稀土元素并没有较为全面的总结和归纳。因此，文章从忆阻器的结构、组成和电阻转换机理进行了论述。以元素为分类标准，系统地梳理从Y元素到Lu元素，国内外每种稀土氧化物以及稀土掺杂氧化物忆阻器在阻变存储器，人工神经网络等方面应用的重点工作。最后，对目前稀土基忆阻器研究遇到的问题和挑战进行了分析，总结了稀土基氧化物忆阻器优缺点，提出了目前可行的方法，并展望了发展趋势和应用潜力。     

Computer-aided Interpretation of Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra (Ⅰ)——An Artificial Intelligence System for Interpretation of Proton NMR Spectra of Polymers

An artificial intelligence system for interpretation of proton NMR spectra of polymers is reported in this paper. The system, including spectra data base, knowledge data base and reasoning engine, is based on the characteristics of the proton NMR spectra of polymers and the spectra interpretation experiences of specialist. The system can partly simulate human thinking and interpret proton NMR spectra of polymers at different levels of sophistication. The program in the system was written in Turbo Prolog 2.0 and translated into machine language by computer compiler. It has been tested on an IBM PC/XT computer and a satisfactory result was given.     

Gas chromatographic subsystem for fast on-line concentration profile measurements for advanced distillation column control

An automated gas chromatographic subsystem for the provision of fast and reliable concentration profile data for distillation column control is presented. The subsystem consists of a gas chromatograph, equipment for sample conditioning and a PC/AT compatible computer communicating with the supervisory process computer. A fast separation time is obtained through the use of a liquid chromatographic packing material and a high pressure drop across the column. Preliminary results show separation times below 10 s for the water-methanol-isopropanol system. Peak areas are quantified by use of parameter estimation in the frequency domain, a method that does not demand complete peak separation.     

A computer system for the spectrometric analysis of high alloyed steel

Summary Experiences with a computer controlled analyser system for production control in a steel plant are reported. The analyser system consists of a direct reading vacuum spectrometer, a digital computer and a data transmission system. The computer system is responsible for the control of the spectrometer as well as for the transformation of measured values into element concentration values and their transmission into the plant internal teleprinter network. A great disadvantage of spectrometers is the fact that matrix effects occur. To solve the problems arising from that — especially in the case of analyses of an extended alloying program — either numerous special calibration curves for all the different types of alloyed steels can be established or one can use only one calibration curve and eliminate the matrix effects by calculation of the line coincidences and the third element influences. The combination of a spectrometer and a digital computer permits rapid determination of the chemical composition of samples by following the second procedure and makes the automatic transmission and documentation of data possible. The composition and working method of such an equipment is described, some selected examples for the used method of calibration are given. The principle of the digital computer program for the calculation of the chemical composition from measured intensity values is demonstrated, and the means of automatic transmission of results are shown. The main advantages of the system and also its limits are discussed.     

甾体类天然产物^13C—核磁共振数据的计算机检索

本文报道了一种小型甾体类天然产物~(13)C-NMR数据库及检索系统。系统具有名称、结构、化学位移和分子式等多种检索功能。能有效地辅助人们对甾体类天然产物~(13)C-NMR图谱的解析。系统采用BASIC语言编写,编译后运行。经在IBM PC/XT机上运行得到了比较满意的结果。     

Development of high-frequency true-linear generator for electrochemical purposes

A new design for a true-linear generator suitable for electrochemical measures is presented. The main component of generation system is an MAX038 chip, a high-frequency relaxation-type oscillator. The design is completed with a digital interface for computer control and an output stage to make signal suitable for cyclic voltammetry experiments. A digital circuit is also included to obtain single sweep signals by isolating one period or a half-period from continuous original output. Performance of presented generator is tested up to 1 MV s(-1) obtaining good stability and linearity.     

A PC compatible computer program for the calculation of equilibrium constants by the simultaneous processing of different sets of experimental results

A new PC compatible computer program SIRKO for the calculation of the equilibrium constants by means of the simultaneous processing of different experimental data from various techniques is given. This program is characterized by the application of a universal response function, which allows many different physicochemical methods to be used to study equilibria without any modification of the program. It is also possible to refine additional parameters (electrode parameters, initial analytic concentration, etc). We have used the least-squares method with the weightings calculated according to the error propagation rule taking into account all independent variables. To minimize the function, singular Jacobian decomposition is applied. This allows control of its range and forms a set of parameters, determined from the experimental data.     

Programmable analyzer for voltammetric and chronopotentiometric experiments

A computerized system for voltammetric and chronopotentiometric analysis is described. The system consists of a microcomputerized electrochemical unit and a personal computer (PC) with peripherals. The eletrochemical unit is programmed and activated via a command list entered from the PC keyboard, and then operates independently. Meanwhile, the PC is available for data processing. The system can execute user-defined operations, e.g., voltage steps, measurement of relaxation current, at a frequency of 50 kHz in real time. Thus it affords a flexible means for implementation of standard as well as non-standard voltammetric techniques. The system facilitates a rapid comparison of voltammetric and chronopotentiometric techniques under analogous experimental conditions. Because electrode potentials can be sampled at a frequency as high as 660 kHz, the system is well suited for potentiometric stripping analysis of solutions with a high content of oxidants. The analytical possibilities of the instrument are demonstrated by two examples. In one, square-wave voltammetric and potentiometric stripping approaches are compared for the determination of traces of lead (II) in non-deaerated media. In the other, constant-current chronopotentiometry and square-wave voltammetry are compared for the quantitation of nickel (II) deposited by chemical interaction with a chemically modified electrode.     

A novel strategy for rapid quantification of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol saponins in Panax notoginsengP. ginseng and P. quinquefolium

A novel strategy for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol saponins (PTS) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol saponins (PDS) in Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium, based on the overlapping peaks of main components of PTS (calibrated by ginsenoside Rg1) and PDS (calibrated by ginsenoside Rb1), was proposed. The analysis was performed by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). Under specific chromatographic conditions, all samples showed two overlapping peaks containing several main ginsenosides belonging to PTS and PDS, respectively. The overlapping peaks were also identified by using HPLC–MS. Based on the sum and ratio of PTS and PDS, 60 tested Panax samples were divided into three main clusters according to their species. The findings suggested that this strategy provides a simple and rapid approach to quantify PTS and PDS in Panax herbs.     

Unique description of chemical structures based on hierarchically ordered extended connectivities (HOC procedures). VIII. General principles for computer implementation

The computer implementation of the HOC procedures presented in Parts I, II and III of this series is based on the module principle. It contains a main program and seventeen subroutines in Fortran IV. The system is able to provide unique atom numbering and code for all kinds of chemical compounds in their tremendous variety of structures.