基于手持技术环境的化学研究性学习例析——影响氯化铁水解条件的探究

结合建构主义观点,主要从学生的角度分析基于手持技术环境的"盐类水解的影响因素"研究性学习实例,提出手持技术在化学研究性学习中可作为探究工具与认知工具帮助学生建构对化学概念及原理的理解.     

运用手持技术在高三理科班实施“四重表征”化学教学模式实践研究

在高三理科化学教学中,运用手持技术通过测定酸碱中和反应过程的电导率变化,对“酸碱滴定实验”进行“四重表征”教学模式的探究.在教学完成之后,对53名高三理科学生采用问卷调查的方式,从教学内容、教学效果、教学手段等方面调查学生的情感态度,并通过纸笔测试的方法来评价学生的学习效果.研究结果表明该模式学生喜欢,教学方便且有效,为今后手持技术在中学化学课堂教学应用提供参考.     

化学师范生手持技术接受度与TPACK的相关性研究

以技术接受度模型(Technology Acceptance Model, TAM)与TPACK(Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge,整合信息技术、教学法、学科内容的知识结构)理论为基础,以手持技术为技术接受度模型与TPACK中的技术对象,利用结构方程模型调查研究H大学化学师范生的手持技术接受度与TPACK的相关性。研究发现：(1)化学师范生对手持技术的行为意愿、感知易用性、主观规范正向影响TPACK的发展;(2)化学师范生对手持技术的感知有用性与自我效能正向影响行为意愿,并能通过行为意愿间接影响TPACK的发展。最后,基于研究结果,提出发挥示范引领作用、重视优质资源的整合应用等提升化学师范生手持技术TPACK的4条建议。     

基于手持技术环境的化学课堂教学例析——冰醋酸电离过程实质的探究

主要从学生的角度分析基于手持技术环境的“弱电解质的电离”课堂教学实例,提出手持技术可作为课堂探究工具与学习认知工具帮助学生理解化学概念及原理。     

师范认证理念下分析化学实验课程项目式教学实践与评价研究——制作一份水质监测报告

基于真实生活问题与分析化学实验的融合点对分析化学实验课程进行项目设计,以“制作一份水质监测报告”为例展示学生如何在沟通合作中实践四大滴定方法并解决真实问题,渗透“产出导向”理念;融入手持技术和误差理论,引导学生设计并完善实验方案,合理配置教学资源,贯彻“学生中心”理念;构建涵盖内容性考核和过程性考核的课程目标达成度评价体系,落实“持续改进”理念,促进化学师范专业学生达到毕业要求,切实提高人才培养质量。     

利用手持技术数字化实验测定中和反应化学计量比*

化学计量比在中学教学及实际生产中有着重要应用,本研究针对化学计量比概念教学存在的不足,以手持技术TQVC概念认知模型为理论依据,设计实验测定中和反应的化学计量比。基于等摩尔连续变化法,本实验借助温度传感器测定不同物质的量之比反应物反应后的温度变化数据,找出最大温度变化差值对应的反应物物质的量之比,即化学计量比,帮助学生从定量的角度理解化学计量比概念。     

化学选修班学生对手持技术所持态度与认识的调查研究

主要通过问卷调查与个别访谈的方式,调查65名化学选修班学生对利用手持技术所持态度与认识;同时运用多种统计分析方法于量表的预测试及结果分析。     

化学教师对手持技术在教学中应用所持态度的调查研究

通过问卷调查与收集教师反思日记的方式,调查30名化学教师对将手持技术应用于教学的做法所持的态度,以及影响手持技术在化学教学中应用的因素;同时运用多种统计分析方法于量表的预测试及结果分析。     

化学职前教师手持技术TPACK调查研究

设计了《化学职前教师手持技术TPACK量表式问卷》,对223名化学职前教师进行问卷调查,采取探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析检验问卷的信度、效度以及七因子模型的合理性,同时通过结构方程模型构建并讨论化学职前教师手持技术TPACK的发展路径。研究结果表明：(1)问卷具有良好的信效度;(2)TPACK七因子模型具有一定的合理性;(3)化学职前教师手持技术TPACK的发展路径中除CK对PCK无直接影响外,均支持TPACK的变革观点。文末据此对手持技术TPACK基础研究与化学教师发展两方面提出相应的建议。     

利用手持技术探究“过氧化氢分解制取氧气”实验

针对微型化学实验中实验产物量少的特点,将手持技术的氧气传感器作为检测器应用于"二氧化锰催化过氧化氢分解制取氧气"的微型化学实验之中,是进一步减少微型化学实验中化学试剂用量的新途径和新方法。通过计算机对数字化实验结果的曲线展示,将实验现象转化成直观的数字与图像,使实验结果更加精准,学生能在实验中同步观察实验进程,使学生对实验现象的主观感知和定量理解更加深入,探究也更加准确。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。