三维有序大孔复合材料H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2制备与多模式光催化

采用聚苯乙烯(PS)微球做模板,以甲醇真空法制备的三维有序大孔材料(3DOM)TiO_2为载体,通过浸渍法将其与多酸H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)复合制备成3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2。通过傅立叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和N2吸附-脱附等表征手段对所合成材料的光吸收性质、结构和晶相进行了表征,结果表明,3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2复合材料中多酸仍然保留其Dawson结构,且晶型结构以TiO_2锐钛矿结构为主。为考察所合成纳米复合材料3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2的光催化活性,选用甲基橙为模型分子,在紫外光、可见光和微波辅射等多模式作用下,对其进行了光催化活性的研究。结果显示,紫外光催化过程中纳米复合材料3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2的活性最高,且在可见光、微波作用下3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2对染料均具有一定的降解效果。     

多酸/Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子复合膜电极的制备及其对H_2O_2电催化性能研究

选用Dawson型多酸K_6[P_2W_(18)O_(62)]·14H_2O (P_2W_(18))和Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子作为电化学活性组分,制备了P_2W_(18)/Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子复合膜电极,采用循环伏安法研究了复合膜电极的电化学行为。实验结果表明,P_2W_(18)/Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子复合膜电极具有良好的重复性和稳定性,并展现出较P_2W_(18)电极更好的对H_2O_2的电催化活性。     

K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)/TiO_2复合催化剂的制备及光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶胶-凝胶-程序升温一步法合成了复合材料K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)/TiO_2,经X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,复合材料K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)/TiO_2中呈锐钛矿晶型结构的TiO_2附着在多酸K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)表面。以罗丹明B为模型分子,分别考察了K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)、TiO_2及复合材料K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)/TiO_2在紫外光下的降解性能,发现在120 min内,K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)/TiO_2的光催化活性优于K_8P_2V_2W_(16)O_(62)和TiO_2。     

MCM-41负载Dawson型磷钨酸的制备及其对乙酸与正丁醇酯化反应的催化性能研究

以MCM-41为载体,H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)为活性组分,通过浸渍法制备出负载型催化剂40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41,对催化剂进行FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDX、NH3-TPD和TG表征。XRD、SEM测试结果表明H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)均匀地负载MCM-41载体上,FT-IR、EDX测试表明负载后H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)仍保持Dawson结构不变,NH3-TPD、TG结果表明负载后催化剂出现弱酸中心,同时强酸中心酸强度和酸量均增多,催化剂热稳定性显著提高。以40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41为催化剂,催化乙酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯。考察了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度对酯化率的影响。结果表明:40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41在催化合成乙酸正丁酯反应中表现出优异的催化活性,最优条件为:n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=2.0∶1.0,w(40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41)=3.7%(基于反应物质量),反应温度125℃,反应时间3.0 h。在此条件下乙酸正丁酯的收率达到了97.5%,催化剂重复使用5次时,酯化率仍可保持为72.1%。     

基于[P_2W_(17)O_(61)]~(10-)构筑的一维双链稀土衍生物的结构、合成及表征

饱和Dawson型[P_2W_(18)O_(62)]~(6-)(简称为[P_2W_(18)])多酸阴离子以其稳定的化学性质、良好的结晶性能成为多酸化学领域中的重要研究对象.本文以K_6[α-P_2W_(18)O_(62)]·xH_2O、Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为基本原料,通过常规水溶液加热回流法,成功地合成了一例结构单元类似2∶17型Dawson-稀土双系列结构的一维双链化合物{[Na_2[N(CH_3)_4]_8[Ce(CH_3COO)(H_2O)]_2[Ce(H_2O)_7](P_2W_(17)O_(61))]_2·23H_2O}_n(1).结构分析表明,化合物1属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为:a=1.327 97(15)nm,b=1.376 71(15)nm,c=3.121 1(3)nm.该化合物以单缺位[P_2W_(17)O_(61)]~(10-)(简称为[P_2W_(17)])为基本构筑单元,中心原子Ce不仅与[P_2W_(17)]通过氧桥直接相连,而且通过醋酸根与另外一个Ce-[P_2W_(17)]单元相连,并最终形成新颖的一维双链结构.此外,我们还通过红外光谱、元素分析、热失重分析、紫外-可见吸收光谱分析等方法,对化合物1进行了较全面的表征.     

杂多化合物催化性能的研究——单过渡金属配位的磷钨杂多化合物的合成、性质及其对H_2O_2分解反应的催化作用

合成了具有Keggin结构的杂多化合物K_7PW_(11)O_(39)·xH_2O(简写为PW_(11)),K_5PW_(11)ZO_(39)·xH_2O(Z=Mn~(Ⅱ),Co~(Ⅱ),简写为PW_(11)Mn,PW_(11)Co)和Dawson结构的杂多化合物H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)·xH_2O及其钾盐K_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)·xH_2O(简写为P_2W_(18)和K_(10)P_2W_(17)O_(61)·xH_20(简写为P_2W_(17)),K_8P_2W_(17)ZO_(61)·xH_2O(Z=Mn~(Ⅱ),Co_(Ⅱ),简写为P_2W_(17)Mn,P_2W_(17)Co)。用热差热重、红外光谱、X射线衍射、循环伏安等技术对这类杂多化合物的性质进行了系统的研究,并对其结构和催化活性的关系进行了探讨。     

2∶18磷钼杂多酸(盐)在H_2O_2分解反应中的催化作用

研究了2:18磷钼杂多酸(盐)(Dawson结构)对H_2O_2分解反应的催化行为。实验结果表明,H_6(P_2Mo_(18)O_(62))和1:12磷钼杂多酸H_3(PMo_(12)O_(40))相同,对H_2O_2分解无活性,而其盐类(Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+))则有很好的催化活性,但对H_2O_2分解的动力学行为不同于1:12磷钼杂多酸盐,符合二级动力学反应关系式。这可能和这两种结构中抗衡阳离子所处环境不同有关。杂多酸阴离子中引入V,部份取代钼后所得实验结果与1:12磷钼钒杂多酸完全相同,表明引入的钒离子在两种结构中不仅有相同的环境而且是催化剂的活性种。     

三个基于Wells-Dawson型多酸的三核铜簇的合成、结构及性能

在水热条件下,通过Wells-Dawson型多酸[As_2W_(18)O_(62)]6-、氯化铜(CuCl_2·2H_2O)和5-(4-吡啶基)-1H-四氮唑(4-ptz)的反应,在同一反应釜中合成出2个结构完全不同的、都包含三核铜簇的多酸基化合物[Cu3(4-ptz)4(H_2O)7(As_2W_(18)O_(62))]·42H_2O(1)和[Cu3(4-ptz)5(H_2O)5(As_2W_(18)O_(62))]·47H_2O(2);当我们以另一种Wells-Dawson型多酸[P_2W_(18)O_(62)]6-、氯化铜(CuCl_2·2H_2O)和5-(3-吡啶基)-1H-四氮唑(3-ptz)反应,获得了另一种多酸基三核铜簇化合物[Cu3(3-ptz)4(H_2O)8(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·33H_2O(3)。X射线单晶衍射结果表明,化合物1为多酸单支撑三核铜簇的悬臂式结构,化合物2的多阴离子被三核铜簇交替连接形成一维链式结构,而化合物3为多阴离子和三核铜簇形成的孤立结构。吡啶-四氮唑类配体(3-ptz和4-ptz)是形成化合物1~3中三核铜簇的重要结构因素。同时,研究了3个化合物的电化学以及光催化性能。     

P2W18O626-@Tb3+溶液电致变色/荧光开关性质的可逆调控及对H2O2的光谱检测

基于功能互补原理,将Dawson型多阴离子P_2W_(18)O_(62)~(6-)可逆的电致变色性质与Tb~(3+)优异的发光性质相结合,在外加氧化还原电位下实现了P_2W_(18)O_(62)~(6-)@Tb~(3+)混合溶液可逆的电致变色及荧光开关性能,考察外加还原电位对电致变色响应时间及荧光开关能量转移效率的影响,在-0.38、-0.69、-0.85 V下混合溶液的能量转移效率分别为85.97%、87.53%、93.42%。在此基础上,将电化学还原与化学氧化相结合实现了P_2W_(18)O_(62)~(6-)@Tb~(3+)混合溶液对H_2O_2紫外可见、荧光双光谱检测,紫外可见、荧光光谱法对H_2O_2的检出限分别为1.76×10~(-2)、3.04μmol·L~(-1)。     

Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛的制备及催化合成乙酰水杨酸

以4A-分子筛为载体,Dawson结构磷钨酸钇(Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O)为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备出负载型40%Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛,并通过FT IR、EDS、SEM、NH3-TPD及N2吸附-脱附等方法对催化剂进行表征。将其用于催化水杨酸和乙酸酐反应制备乙酰水杨酸,考察了各因素对反应的影响。结果表明,负载前后磷钨酸钇均保持Dawson结构,Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O和40%Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛均呈球形,负载后催化剂的比表面积增大,酸强度和酸量均明显提高。在优化反应条件(水杨酸与乙酸酐摩尔比为1∶3,反应时间为30min,催化剂用量为反应物质量分数的2.3%)下,乙酰水杨酸收率为95.2%。催化剂重复使用6次,乙酰水杨酸收率仍保持为77.9%。     

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid materials based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid and Dawson-type tungstophosphate K7[H4PW18O62]·18H2O and K6[P2W18O62]·13H2O

In this study, we synthesized hybrid materials using well-Dawson polyoxometalates (POMs), K₇[H₄PW₁₈O₆₂]·18H₂O or K₆[P₂W₁₈O₆₂]·13H₂O and a room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF₄]). K, W, P and CHN elemental analysis showed that one mole of [H₄PW₁₈O₆₂]⁷⁻ reacts with 6 moles of BMIM⁺ and one mole of [P₂W₁₈O₆₂]⁶⁻ reacts with 4 moles of BMIM⁺ to form, respectively, K[BMIM]₆H₄PW₁₈O₆₂ and K₂[BMIM]₄P₂W₁₈O₆₂. X-ray diffraction illustrated amorphous structure of the hybrid materials. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of both 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and the Dawson anion. TG analysis displayed a relative thermal stability of the hybrid materials compared to the parents Dawson POMs. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the reduction peak potentials of the Dawson anion in the hybrid materials shift towards negative values and the shift is more pronounced for K[BMIM]₆H₄PW₁₈O₆₂ compared to K₂[BMIM]₄P₂W₁₈O₆₂. This was attributed to a decrease in the acidity of the Dawson POM anion in the hybrid material.     

Dawson型磷钨杂多阴离子P2W18O626-的电化学性质和对O2还原的电催化作用

用循环伏安、交流伏安和交流阻抗法对Dawson型磷钨杂多阴离子P₂W₁₈O₆₂^6-的电化学性质进行了详细研究, 循环伏安结果显示, P₂W₁₈O₆₂^6-在pH 2.52的0.1 mol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄+NaHSO₄溶液中有两对可逆的单电子还原-氧化波和两对可逆的双电子还原-氧化波. 单电子波的峰电位和电流与溶液的pH无关, 双电子波的峰电位则随溶液pH的增加而负移, 峰电流降低, 表明双电子电极过程有H⁺参与, 其数目为2. 交流阻抗谱表明P₂W₁₈O₆₂^6-的电极过程完全受扩散控制, 实验测定其扩散系数(D_O)为2.5×10^-6 cm²·s^-1. 循环伏安结果表明P₂W₁₈O₆₂^6-的第III对波对O₂还原为H₂O₂具有显著的电催化作用, 催化效率约达300%. 将P₂W₁₈O₆₂^6-应用于PW₁₁O₃₉Fe(III)(H₂O)^4-构成的类电-芬顿过程, 使该过程对硝基苯的降解效率显著提高.     

Photocatalytic Performance of H6P2W18O62/TiO2 Nanocomposite Encapsulated into Beta Zeolite under UV Irradiation in the Degradation of Methyl Orange

In this work, neat and supported H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂ into nanocage of β‐zeolite were synthesized. However, H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂ into nanocage of β‐zeolite was synthesized via template synthesis method. In addition, TiO₂ was supported on H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂/β zeolite by impregnation method. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, FESEM and EDS techniques. Also, W and Ti contents of the catalyst were determined by ICP and EDS technique. The results reveal that the photocatalyst performance depends on catalyst loading, pH effect, and methyl orange concentration. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange follows a pseudo‐first order kinetic. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) experimental proved mineralization of methyl orange. Another reason for degradation and mineralization of methyl orange is the absence of hydrazine at the end of reaction which is one of the photodecolorization products. The plausible mechanism for photodegradation of MO was proposed.     

W18O49 nanorods decorated with Ag/AgCl nanoparticles as highly-sensitive gas-sensing material and visible-light-driven photocatalyst

A novel gas-sensing material and photocatalyst was successfully obtained by decorating Ag/AgCl nanoparticles on the W₁₈O₄₉ nanorods through a clean photochemical route. The as-prepared samples were characterized using combined techniques of X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Gas-sensing measurements indicate that the Ag/AgCl/W₁₈O₄₉ NRs sensors exhibit superior reducing gas-sensing properties to those of bare W₁₈O₄₉ NRs, and they are highly selective and sensitive to NH₃, acetone, and H₂S with short response and recovery times. The Ag/AgCl/W₁₈O₄₉ NRs photocatlysts also possess higher photocatalytic performance than bare W₁₈O₄₉ NRs for degradation of methyl orange under simulated sunlight irradiation. Possible mechanisms concerning the enhancement of gas-sensing and photocatalytic activities of the Ag/AgCl/W₁₈O₄₉ NRs composite were proposed.     

An α‐{P2W18O62}6–‐Based Supramolecular Hybrid Inorganic‐Organic Compound with Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Properties

The α‐[P₂W₁₈O₆₂]^6–‐based coordination polymer [Cu₂(phen)₃(H₂O)₃(P₂W₁₈O₆₂)][Cu(phen)₂(H₂O)] · 5H₂O ( 1 ) (phen = phenanthroline), was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR and UV/Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Structural studies reveal that compound 1 exhibits a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure based on π–π and hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition, visible light driven photocatalytic experiments of compound 1 were also studied.     

BiOI/Bi2WO6对甲基橙和苯酚的光催化降解及光催化机理

采用简单的沉积方法制备了不同碘化氧铋含量的BiOI/Bi₂WO₆光催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)和BET比表面积测量对其进行了表征。在紫外和可见光的照射下,使用甲基橙和苯酚的光催化降解评价了BiOI/Bi₂WO₆催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明：与商业P₂₅和纯Bi₂WO₆相比,13.2%BiOI/Bi₂WO₆光催化剂具有更高的紫外和可见光催化性能。这明显增加的光催化活性主要归功于光生电子和空穴在Bi₂WO₆和BiOI界面上的有效转移,降低了电子-空穴对的复合。基于BiOI和Bi₂WO₆的能带结构,提出了光生载流子的一种转移过程。自由基清除剂的实验表明,OH,h⁺,O₂和H₂O₂,特别是h⁺,共同支配了甲基橙和苯酚的光催化降解过程。     

静电自组装制备纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料

采用静电自组装方法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料。采用巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂对SiO2进行干法改性,采用双氧水/冰醋酸将偶联剂巯基基团氧化为磺酸基基团。在正负电荷的吸引下,带负电荷的SiO2与带正电荷的钛聚合阳离子自发地组装在一起,经一定温度热处理得到纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料。采用XRD、FTIR、PL、UV-Vis DRS、SEM和ICP等对材料进行了分析和表征。采用甲基橙溶液评价材料的光催化性能。结果表明:SiO2促使锐钛矿的形成,抑制锐钛矿向金红石的转变,减小TiO2的晶粒尺寸,使得TiO2光吸收波长发生蓝移。TiO2与SiO2通过Si-O-Ti键发生结合。采用静电自组装方法制备的材料中TiO2的含量高于传统方法,导致材料的光催化性能有所提高。     

A 3D Polyoxometalate‐Based Framework Constructed from Ag/trz Metal‐Organic Ribbons and P2W18 Polyoxoanions: Synthesis,Structure and Electrochemical Properties

A Wells‐Dawson Polyoxometalate‐based hybrid, Ag₉(trz)₃(Htrz)₄ (H₂O)(P₂W₁₈O₆₂)·3H₂O ( 1 ) (Htrz = 1,2,4‐1H‐triazole) was hydrothermally synthesized through using trz ligand and silver nitrate in the presence of [P₂W₁₈O₆₂]^6– polyoxoanion. In the 3D framework structure of compound 1 , two kinds of wave‐like Ag/trz chains originated from trz ligands and silver cations are aggregated in a “2+1” mode by {Ag₂/trz} linkages to result in a 1D Ag/trz metal‐organic ribbon, which is further extended into a 3D framework structure by [P₂W₁₈O₆₂]^6– polyoxoanions through Ag‐O covalent bonds. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of compound 1 have also been investigated.     

Properties of PWA/ZrO2-doped phosphosilicate glass composite membranes for low-temperature H2/O2 fuel cell applications

Phosphosilicate doped with a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and zirconium oxide (PWA/ZrO₂–P₂O₂–SiO₂) was investigated as potential glass composite membranes for use as H₂/O₂ fuel cell electrolytes. The glass membranes were studied with respect to their structural and thermal properties, proton conductivity, pore characteristics, hydrogen permeability, and performance in fuel cell tests. Thermal analysis including TG and DTA confirmed that the glass was thermally stable up to 400 °C. The dependence of the conductivity on the humidity was discussed based on the PWA content in the glass composite membranes. The proton transfer in the nanopores of the PWA/ZrO₂–P₂O₅–SiO₂ glasses was investigated and it was found that a glass with a pore size of ∼3 nm diameters was more appropriate for fast proton conduction. The hydrogen permeability rate was calculated at various temperatures, and was found to be comparatively higher than for membranes based on Nafion^®. The performance of a membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) was influenced by its PWA content; a power density of 43 mW/cm² was obtained at 27 °C and 30% relative humidity for a PWA/ZrO₂–P₂O₅–SiO₂ glass membrane with a composition of 6–2–5–87 mol% and 0.2 mg/cm² of Pt/C loaded on the electrode.     

可磁分离二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

通过液相催化相转化的方法制备了一种可磁分离的光催化剂TiO₂/SiO₂/NiFe₂O₄(TSN),这种光催化剂显示出了超顺磁性,能够通过外加磁场方便的实现催化剂在水中的分离与回收。该光催化剂的X-射线衍射和TEM结果表明：纳米TiO₂颗粒包裹在磁性颗粒-SiO₂/NiFe₂O₄(SN)的周围形成TiO₂层。利用光催化降解甲基橙的效果来考察了这种光催化剂的活性,结果表明：在NiFe₂O₄和TiO₂之间包覆一层无定型的SiO₂,可以显著的提高催化剂的脱色效果,3次循环后,仍能保持良好的催化活性。