拓扑相变制备具有拓宽可见光响应范围的Ti~(3+)自掺杂3D空盒状TiO_2（英文）

TiO_2广泛用作半导体光催化材料,但由于自身对光利用率低(只吸收紫外光)、禁带宽度较大、光生载流子复合率极高,限制了它在相关领域的应用.为此,设计了Ti~(3+)离子自掺杂来克服TiO_2半导体材料的上述缺点,进而提高其光催化活性.在不引入其他元素的情况下,以TiOF_2为原料,Zn粉为还原剂,在水热条件下采用拓扑相变法原位制备了具有可见光响应的Ti~(3+)自掺杂空盒状TiO_2(记为Ti~(3+)/TiO_2)催化剂材料.掺杂金属离子可以改变半导体TiO_2的结晶度和产生晶格缺陷,形成电子或空穴的捕获中心,影响电子-空穴对的复合;同时,掺杂金属离子产生的晶格缺陷有利于Ti~(3+)和氧空位的形成,有利于提高TiO_2的量子效率.Ti~(3+)掺杂是一种既清洁又未引入其他金属离子的掺杂改性方法,它能有效保持催化剂的结构和形貌不受其他金属离子的影响.总之,金属离子掺杂有效拓展了TiO_2的光吸收范围,并极大地提高了TiO_2的光催化活性.本文研究了不同量的还原剂对催化剂空盒状TiO_2结构形貌影响,以及在可见光下光催化降解罗丹明B反应性能,发现Ti~(3+)/TiO_2催化剂均拥有非常好的光催化活性,其中R0.25催化剂在可见光下120 min,RhB降解率达到96%,是TiO_2的4倍多.且可循环使用5次的光催化循环降解实验后,表现出较高的稳定性.催化剂经过Ti~(3+)自掺杂后,对催化剂自身的空盒状结构形貌并无很大的影响,随着还原剂Zn粉的量增加,Ti~(4+)还原形成Ti~(3+)数量增加,导致形成更多的氧空位.皆为锐钛矿型TiO_2,与未掺杂Ti~(3+)的TiO_2比较发现,自掺杂Ti~(3+)的TiO_2的(105)XRD衍射峰越来越尖锐,(004)衍射峰越来越宽.随着还原剂Zn粉质量的逐渐增加,催化剂的光响应范围拓宽到可见光区,且逐渐增强.这说明Ti~(3+)的掺杂不仅提高了TiO_2在可见光的响应能力,也提高了TiO_2在紫外光范围的响应能力.另外,掺杂后的TiO_2禁带宽度的减小,使其价带上的电子更容易被可见光激发,产生更多的电子-空穴对参与光催化反应,从而提高TiO_2的光催化效率.     

金@氧缺陷二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒的制备及光催化产氢

通过水解TiCl₃在金纳米颗粒外表生长TiO₂,然后在Ar/H₂气氛中高温煅烧成功地合成了核壳形貌的Au@H-TiO₂缺陷结构。采用XRD、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis测试方法对产物的物相结构、形貌及光吸收能力做了系统的分析。与不存在缺陷态的TiO₂和Au@A-TiO₂相比,Au@H-TiO₂表现出最高的产氢速率,这可以归因于其电荷分离效率的提高和电荷转移阻抗的降低,瞬态光电流测试以及电化学阻抗数据证实了这一结论。这些性能的改进可能与Au@H-TiO₂中的Ti³⁺自掺杂和Au修饰有关。     

TiO_2载体掺杂对Mn-Ce/TiO_2催化剂低温脱硝性能影响研究

以TiO_2、TiO_2-Al_2O_3及TiO_2-SiO_2为载体,选取Mn为活性组分,Ce为活性助剂,采用分布共混法制备低温SCR催化剂,分析了TiO_2载体掺杂Al_2O_3、SiO_2改性后对Mn-Ce/TiO_2催化剂低温脱硝活性的影响,运用BET、SEM、XRD、H2-TPR以及NH_3-TPD等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,TiO_2载体经掺杂改性后,Mn-Ce/TiO_2催化剂的比表面积、孔结构参数以及表面孔结构形貌均得到改善和提高;Mn-Ce/TiO_2-Al_2O_3和Mn-Ce/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂中TiO_2的结晶度均有不同程度降低;经TiO_2载体掺杂改性后的催化剂表面低温还原峰面积及催化剂表面酸性位种类及酸性大小显著改善,这都有助于提高催化剂的脱硝活性。通过对TiO_2载体掺杂SiO_2和Al_2O_3改性后,催化剂的脱硝活性明显提高,反应温度在80-140℃时,催化剂SCR脱硝活性的顺序是:Mn-Ce/TiO_2-SiO_2M n-Ce/TiO_2-Al_2O_3M n-Ce/TiO_2。     

二氧化钛纳米粒子-氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的原位聚合及气体渗透性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用浸渍-沉淀法制备二氧化钛纳米粒子-氧化石墨烯(TiO_2-GO)复合物,再将TiO_2-GO复合物与4,4'-(六氟异亚丙基)邻苯二甲酸酐和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚通过原位聚合构建TiO_2-GO/TiO_2-GO/PI(聚酰亚胺)混合基质膜,用于CO_2的渗透脱除.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热失重(TG)和Zeta电位等表征了TiO_2-GO复合物和TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的形貌与结构;探讨了TiO_2掺杂量对TiO_2-GO复合物及TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的结构和气体渗透性能的影响.结果表明,TiO_2-GO复合物中TiO_2纳米粒子较均匀地沉积在GO片层上,TiO_2纳米粒子在形成的同时破坏了GO的结构,使其无序度增加.TiO_2的掺杂对TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的形貌与结构影响较小,但提升了TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的CO_2和N2渗透性能.但过量的掺杂使TiO_2粒子在GO片层上团聚,从而导致TiO_2-GO复合物在混合基质膜中的分散性变差,CO_2渗透性及CO_2/N2渗透选择性降低.当TiO_2掺杂质量分数为30%时,TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的CO_2渗透性为360 Barrer[1 Barrer=10~(-10)cm~3(STP)·cm/(cm~2·s·cm Hg)=7.5×10~(-14)cm~3(STP)·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa)],CO_2/N_2的渗透选择性可达31.     

固相法制备聚噻吩/聚吡咯/二氧化钛膜及电化学腐蚀性能

在水蒸气气氛下,制备出表面富含羟基的纳米Ti O_2颗粒,然后在室温和氧化剂三氯化铁存在下,通过化学固相氧化法,在不锈钢表面制备出聚噻吩/聚吡咯/Ti O2(PTH/PPy/TiO_2)薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、电化学阻抗(EIS)等技术手段对产物的微观形貌、热稳定性和耐腐蚀性能进行了研究,并讨论了不同纳米TiO_2含量对复合材料的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在其使用温度(20~300℃)下,PTH/PPy/6%Ti O_2(质量分数)膜热分解温度为450℃,能够满足其使用要求。用PTH/PPy/TiO_2膜保护的不锈钢比裸露的不锈钢的自腐蚀电位高出0.8 V以上,而腐蚀电流密度降低了2个数量级。TiO_2的添加明显的提高了PTH/PPy材料的抑制腐蚀的能力,并且由于TiO_2的加入能够使聚合物与无机纳米粒子之间能够紧密地结合在一起,减少膜的缺陷,增大复合材料与金属基体的力学性能,使得膜结构更加的致密,从而减缓不锈钢的腐蚀。     

Gd-N共掺杂SrTiO3/TiO2复合纳米纤维制备及光催化性能

以静电纺丝技术制备的TiO_2纳米纤维为基质和反应物,结合一步水热法制得Gd-N共掺杂SrTiO_3/TiO_2复合纳米纤维光催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等方法对其微观结构、形貌和光学性能进行表征。结果表明:SrTiO_3和TiO_2形成异质结能够使光生电子和空穴得到很好的分离,而Gd-N共掺杂产生新带隙,可以拓宽光谱响应范围至可见光区,并引起晶格缺陷,成为光生电子-空穴对的浅势捕获阱。Gd-N共掺杂与异质结的协同作用有效提高了SrTiO_3/TiO_2复合纳米纤维的可见光催化活性。     

基于WO_(3-x)量子点和TiO_2构建高效Z型光催化产氢催化剂（英文）

TiO_2具有高效、廉价、无毒及光化学稳定性好等优点,因而被广泛应用于光能转化和利用领域,如太阳能电池、光催化分解水制氢和环境污染物降解等.但是,TiO_2仍然存在一些缺陷制约了其应用,其中,最关键的问题是光生电荷分离效率低.因此,人们对其进行了掺杂、异质结构建和Z型结构建等来解决这一问题,其中Z型结近年来备受关注.全固体Z型结的构建目前主要有两种方式:PSI-C-PSII和PSI-PSII.前者PSI与PSII间要插入中间导电层(如Au、rGO等)来实现界面欧姆接触;后者则无中间层,而是基于界面设计来实现欧姆接触.本文以构建PSI-PSII Z型结为目标,以TiO_2和WO_3为基础半导体材料,采用原位溶剂热生长的方法构建WO_3量子点/TiO_2结构,借助氢气还原反应在界面处引入氧缺陷.采用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和拉曼光谱研究了复合晶体结构,采用X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱等手段研究了Z型结的界面结构和能带结构.结合光催化分解水产氢活性来建立Z型结结构与光催化性能的关联关系.表征结果表明,在TiO_2上进行原位溶剂热成核反应可点缀WO_3量子点,并且量子点粒径随W前驱体用量的增加而变大.两种半导体材料为TiO_2锐钛矿和WO_3晶体结构,且WO_3的XRD特征峰和Raman特征吸收峰会随W前驱体用量增加而变大.通过对WO_3/TiO_2进行氢气还原处理,使其表面形成大量W~(5+)和氧缺陷,一方面提高了催化剂对可见光的吸收,另一方面在界面形成欧姆接触,实现了Z型结构的构建.Z型结构实现了光催化分解水产氢反应,其中WTH10光催化活性最好.本文为新型Z型光催化剂的设计和构建提供了新思路和策略.     

TiO2/CuS异质结的制备及光催化降解染料废水的研究

以原位沉淀法和水热法混合的合成手段,制备了TiO_2/CuS异质结光催化剂。这种异质结改善了单一TiO_2半导体光催化剂的缺陷,明显提高了太阳光下光催化降解甲基橙的效率。TiO_2与CuS之间形成的异质结结构和合适的能带结构能够扩展材料对太阳光谱的响应范围并且很好地收集和传输光诱导载流子,从而提高了载流子的分离效率,最终使半导体的光催化活性明显增强。结果表明,太阳光照射25min后,相比于TiO_2/MnS、TiO_2/CdS和TiO_2/ZnS异质结,TiO_2/CuS异质结(TiO_2和CuS的摩尔比为3∶1)对甲基橙的降解效果最佳,降解效率能达到97.3%。为提高半导体的光催化活性提供了一条可行的路径。     

金属-半导体催化剂Pt/TiO2的表面微观结构

用透射电镜(TEM)技术研究了Pt/TiO_2催化剂的表面形貌。经高温下氢处理的Pt/TiO_2,表面上原来高分散的不规则的Pt微粒发生迁移并构成多边形粒子。暗场TEM照片上的“蝶”形图象说明多边构形实际是外延生长的Pt多面体微晶。确定了在氢气氛中加热是造成TiO_2半导体表面缺陷,并导致Pt粒子规整构形的重要条件。还发现Pt/TiO_2的表面微观形貌和催化性能之间有并行关系。用金属-半导体相互作用的观点可以合理地解释这些结果。     

激光刻蚀sol-gelTiO_2薄膜的浸润性研究

应用355 nm脉冲激光在sol-gel TiO_2薄膜表面刻蚀出微米级的沟槽形貌，讨 论了具有微槽形貌TiO_2薄膜的浸润行为及其浸润性与亲水区域面积的关系，以及 紫外光照对具有微槽形貌TiO_2薄膜亲水性的影响。     

Preparation and properties of amorphous titania-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles

Amorphous TiO₂-coated ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by the solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles in ethanol and the followed by sol-gel coating of TiO₂ nanolayer. The analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the resultant ZnO nanoparticles were hexagonal with a wurtzite structure and a mean diameter of about 60 nm. Also, after TiO₂ coating, the TEM images clearly indicated the darker ZnO nanoparticles being surrounded by the lighter amorphous TiO₂ layers. The zeta potential analysis revealed the pH dependence of zeta potentials for ZnO nanoparticles shifted completely to that for TiO₂ nanoparticles after TiO₂ coating, confirming the formation of core-shell structure and suggesting the coating of TiO₂ was achieved via the adhesion of the hydrolyzed species Ti-O⁻ to the positively charged surface of ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the analyses of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra were also conducted to confirm that amorphous TiO₂ were indeed coated on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, the analyses of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed that the absorbance of amorphous TiO₂-coated ZnO nanoparticles at 375 nm gradually decreased with an increase in the Ti/Zn molar ratio and the time for TiO₂ coating, and the emission intensity of ZnO cores could be significantly enhanced by the amorphous TiO₂ shell.     

The Preparation and Characterization of La Doped TiO2 Nanotubes and Their Photocatalytic Activity

La-doped TiO₂ nanotubes (La/TiO₂ NTs) were prepared by the combination of sol-gel process with hydrothermal treatment. The prepared samples were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectra, and ultraviolet-visible spectra. The photocatalytic performance of La/TiO₂ NTs was studied by testing the degradation rate of methyl orange under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results indicated La/TiO₂ NTs calcined at 300°C consisted of anatase as the unique phase. The absorption spectra of the La/TiO₂ NTs showed a stronger absorption in the UV range and a slight red shift in the band gap transition than that of pure TiO₂ nanotubes. The photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ NTs could be improved by the doping of lanthanum ions, which is ascribed to several beneficial effects the formation of Ti-O-La bond and charge imbalance, existing of oxygen defects and Ti³⁺ species, stronger absorption in the UV range and a slight red shift in the band gap transition, as well as higher equilibrium dark adsorption of methyl orange. 0.75 wt% La/TiO₂ NTs had the best catalytic activity.     

The preparation and characterization of La doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity

In this paper, pure and La doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with different La content were prepared by a sol-gel process using Ti (OC₄H₉)₄ as raw material, and also were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, TEM, XPS, DRS and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. We mainly investigated the effects of calcining temperature and La content on the properties and the photocatalytic activity for degrading phenol of as-prepared TiO₂ samples, and also discussed the relationships between PL spectra and photocatalytic activity as well as the mechanisms of La doping on TiO₂ phase transformation. The results showed that La³⁺ did not enter into the crystal lattices of TiO₂ and was uniformly dispersed onto TiO₂ as the form of La₂O₃ particles with small size, which possibly made La dopant have a great inhibition on TiO₂ phase transformation; La dopant did not give rise to a new PL signal, but it could improve the intensity of PL spectra with a appropriate La content, which was possibly attributed to the increase in the content of surface oxygen vacancies and defects after doping La; La doped TiO₂ nanoparticles calcined at 600°C exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, indicating that 600°C was an appropriate calcination temperature. The order of photocatalytic activity of La doped TiO₂ samples with different La content was as following: 1>1.5>3>0.5>5>0 mol%, which was the same as the order of their PL intensity, namely, the stronger the PL intensity, the higher the photocatalytic activity, demonstrating that there were certain relationships between PL spectra and photocatalytic activity. This could be explained by the points that PL spectra mainly resulted from surface oxygen vacancies and defects during the process of PL, while surface oxygen vacancies and defects could be favorable in capturing the photoinduced electrons during the process of photocatalytic reactions.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation

Fe³⁺-doped TiO₂ composite nanoparticles with different doping amounts were successfully synthesized using sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was used as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. The influence of doping amount of Fe³⁺ (ω: 0.00%–3.00%) on photocatalytic activities of TiO₂ was investigated. Results show that the size of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ particles decreases with the increase of the amount of Fe³⁺ and their absorption spectra are broaden and absorption intensities are also increased. Doping Fe³⁺ can control the conversion of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile. The doping amount of Fe³⁺ remarkably affects the activity of the catalyst, and the optimum efficiency occurs at about the doping amount of 0.3%. The appropriate doping of Fe³⁺ can markedly increase the catalytic activity of TiO₂ under visible light irradiation. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(6): 55–56 [译自: 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)]     

Au改性TiO2纳米复合物对人结肠癌细胞的光催化杀伤作用

提出了通过TiO₂表面修饰纳米Au的方法来提高纳米TiO₂光催化杀伤癌细胞的效率. 采用化学还原法合成了Au改性的TiO₂ (Au/TiO₂)纳米复合物, 并研究了不同掺杂量(1 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt%)的Au/TiO₂对人结肠癌LoVo细胞的光催化杀伤效应. 结果显示, Au的掺杂大大地提高了TiO₂纳米粒子光催化杀伤结肠癌LoVo细胞的效率, 而且Au掺杂量的高低影响Au/TiO₂光催化杀伤癌细胞的效率, 掺金量为2%的Au/TiO₂对结肠癌LoVo细胞具有最高的光催化杀伤效率. 在光强为1.8 mW/cm²的紫外灯(λ_max＝365 nm)下光照110 min, 50 μg/mL掺金量为2%的Au/TiO₂能够杀死所有的癌细胞, 而同样浓度的TiO₂只能杀死70%的癌细胞.     

载有C60的TiO2纳米粒子光催化活性

以水溶性C₆₀和TiO₂粒子为前驱体,采用水热法制备了载有C₆₀的锐钛矿型TiO₂纳米粒子。应用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱对产物进行了表征。以对-硝基苯酚为模型污染物研究了产物的光催化活性,结果表明适量负载C₆₀可以提高TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化活性,C₆₀起着传输电子、促进TiO₂光生载流子分离的作用,且经7次循环使用后对-硝基苯酚的降解效率仍能达到74%。讨论了载有C₆₀的TiO₂纳米粒子光催化降解对-硝基苯酚的机理。     

Photoinduced interactions between colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles and calf thymus-DNA

The interaction of colloidal TiO₂ nanoparticles with calf thymus-DNA was studied by using absorption, FT-IR, steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The apparent association constant has been deduced (K_app = 2.85 × 10³ M⁻¹) from the absorption spectral changes of the DNA-colloidal TiO₂ nanoparticles using the Benesi–Hildebrand equation. Addition of colloidal TiO₂ nanoparticles quenched the fluorescence of EtBr–DNA. The number of binding sites (n = 0.97) and the apparent binding constant (K = 6.68 × 10³ M⁻¹) were calculated from relevant fluorescence quenching data. The quenching, through a static mechanism, was confirmed by time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.     

TiO2 nanoparticles incorporated with CuInS2 clusters: preparation and photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-nitrophenol

TiO₂ nanoparticles incorporated with CuInS₂ clusters were prepared in a solvothermal process and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX). Compared with pure TiO₂ nanoparticles, the TiO₂ nanoparticles incorporated with CuInS₂ clusters display higher photocatalytic activity with 99.9% of degradation ratio of 4-nitrophenol after 2 h irradiation. In order to investigate the effect of the CuInS₂ clusters on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanoparticles, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectra (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and photocurrent action spectra were measured. The results indicate that the enhanced photocatalytic activity is probably due to the interface between TiO₂ and CuInS₂ as a trap of the photogenerated electrons to decrease the recombination of electrons and holes.