静电纺丝法制备硫酸化的二氧化锆/二氧化硅复合纤维

将电纺丝技术与溶胶-凝胶技术相结合, 制备了SZ粒子分布于SiO2纤维外壁的硫酸化的二氧化锆/二氧化硅复合纤维. 与常见的SZ复合催化剂相比, 采用SiO2纤维负载SZ不仅可以解决粉体材料带来的难以与反应体系分离等弊病, 同时功能粒子SZ分布与纤维外壁的结构也提高了功能粒子的利用率.     

Isobutane alkylation over solid acid catalysts under supercritical conditions

Solid catalyzed isobutane alkylation has been investigated for decades, but it has not yet been applied in any commercial uses because of the rapid deactivation of the catalyst. Here, the alkylation reaction has been studied under supercritical conditions using metal-promoted and unpromoted sulfated zirconia as catalysts. The catalytic activity at the supercritical condition of 5.0 MPa, 423K was significantly higher than at lower reaction pressure conditions and the deactivation rate was clearly reduced, independent on the catalyst. Iron- and manganese-promoted sulfated zirconia (SFMZ) showed higher activities under all conditions than unpromoted sulfated zirconia (SZ).     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO_2/SiO_2 catalysts:Effect of CeO_2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carrier porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 cata-lysts in CO oxidation were investigated.The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature,X-ray diffraction (XRD),temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR),oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results suggested that,the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carrier possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts.When appropriate content of CeO2 (Ce content 8 wt%) was added,the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced.In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter,higher dispersion of CuO was observed,better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found,thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.     

Novel mesoporous solid superacidic catalysts: activity and selectivity in the synthesis of thymol by isopropylation of m-cresol with 2-propanol over UDCaT-4, -5, and -6

The alkylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol in the presence of novel superacidic catalysts named as UDCaT-4, UDCaT-5, and UDCaT-6 was investigated. The catalysts are modified versions of zirconia showing high catalytic activity, stability, and reusability in the presence of water as compared to conventional sulfated zirconia. The objective of the present investigation was to explore the potential of these catalysts in this alkylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol to thymol, which has widescale applications. The reactions were conducted in liquid phase in the temperature range of 433-473 K. Both, O- and C-alkylated products were obtained at lower temperatures, while at higher temperatures, thymol was the main product of the reaction. The catalytic activity increases in the order UDCaT-5 > UDCaT-6 >UDCaT-4 > sulfated zirconia. Thymol could be efficiently obtained with selectivity reaching up to 79% at an isopropyl alcohol conversion of 92% with UDCaT-5. This process can be a replacement for the existing process based on zeolites where high temperature and pressure are required. Synergistic effects of very high sulfur content present (9% S) and preservation of the tetragonal phase in UDCaT-5, in comparison with sulfated zirconia (4% S), were responsible for higher catalytic activity. A systematic investigation of the effects of various operating parameters was accomplished, and a mathematical model is developed to describe the reaction pathway and validated with experimental results. The reaction was carried out without using solvent, and the process subscribes to the principles of green chemistry.     

Pd/Hβ-zeolite catalysts for catalytic combustion of toluene: Effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio

The effect of pure and high silica Hβ zeolites on the catalytic performance of toluene combustion over Pd/H/3 catalyst was evaluated.Pure and high silica β zeolites were prepared by direct synthesis procedures,then 0.1 wt% of palladium was impregnated on different Hβ zeolites via incipient wetness technique using palladium nitrate as the Pd source.The Pd/Hβ catalysts were characterized by XRD,N2 adsorption/desorption,H2O adsorption,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR and XPS techniques.With increasing the SIO2/Al2O3 ratio of β zeolite,the activity of the Pd/Hβ catalysts for toluene combustion increased clearly and the pure silica β zeolite supported Pd catalyst showed the best catalytic activity.The superior catalytic performance of Pd/β catalyst prepared from pure silica β zeolite was attributed to its high hydrophobicity and the preserving ability for PdO active species.     

Study of One Step Synthesis of Rare Earth Zeolite (Ln–ZSM-5) and Application for Low Temperature CO Catalytic Oxidation

A series of rare earth zeolites Ln–ZSM-5 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) were synthesized directly via a one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained zeolites were used as support and applied in low-temperature CO oxidation. The influence of various factors such as rare earth types, rare earth contents, particle sizes of molecular sieve, and silica alumina ratios, etc., on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation were investigated in detail. The results showed that low silica small size Ce–ZSM-5 (1 % Ce content) had the highest activity. The results also showed that Ce–ZSM-5 zeolite prepared by one-step direct synthesis was more suitable as catalytic support than ZSM-5 or Ce/ZSM-5 zeolite, prepared by impregnation of ZSM-5 with Ce.     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts：Effect of CeO2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carder porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts in CO oxidation were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR), oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results suggested that, the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carder possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts. When appropriate content of CeO2(Ce content ≤8 wt%) was added, the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced. In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter, higher dispersion of CuO was observed, better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found, thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.     

表征固体超强酸性的新方法--正丁烷异构化反应的原位13C MAS NMR谱

室温下SO2 -4/ZrO2 催化剂 (SZ)上13 C标记的正丁烷异构化反应的原位13 CMASNMR谱研究结果表明 :其反应动力学符合Langmuir Hinshelwood一级可逆表面反应动力学公式 ,由该动力学公式计算得到的反应速率常数可以用于衡量固体催化剂的表面超强酸性 .这种新的表征方法显示采用一步 -醇热 -超临界干燥综合技术合成的SZ催化剂不仅比表面和硫酸根含量高 ,而且其超强酸性和异构化反应活性均明显优于常规法合成的催化剂 ,具有良好的应用前景 .     

碗状双亲型ZSM-5分子筛负载金纳米粒子的制备及催化性能

通过不对称修饰法制备了一种碗状双亲型的ZSM-5分子筛, 其拥有一个非极性的外表面和一个可修饰的极性内表面; 进一步利用经典的氨基接枝-原位还原过程, 选择性地在其内表面生长金纳米粒子. 通过X射线粉末衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜、 红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对材料进行了表征, 并考察了其催化硝基苯加氢制苯胺反应的性能. 在非常温和(室温、 水作溶剂及无需氮气保护)以及更低反应物浓度(0.03 mol/L, 低于室温下硝基苯在水中的溶解度)条件下, 该催化剂展现出与其它使用有机溶剂的催化剂相当的催化活性和选择性, 而且其催化性能明显高于其它以水为溶剂的催化剂, 这表明载体的双亲型结构是提升催化性能的主要原因. 该催化剂循环使用6次后, 其催化活性和选择性仍保持在相同等级.     

十元环分子筛在甲醇芳构化反应中催化性能的研究

合成了ZSM-5、ZSM-22、EU-1、MCM-22和ITQ-13具有十元环孔道结构的5种分子筛,研究了分子筛结构、酸性分布等因素对其在甲醇芳构化反应中催化性能的影响。研究表明,不同结构分子筛的形貌、酸性及孔径均存在较大差异,进而影响了其在甲醇制芳烃反应中的催化活性和稳定性。研究的5种分子筛中,ZSM-5表现出最佳的芳构化活性,芳烃收率达34.8%,MCM-22芳烃收率约为21.9%,而其他3种结构的分子筛催化剂基本未表现出甲醇芳构化活性。通过添加具有芳构化性能的Ga物种对ZSM-5和MCM-22进行改性,可显著提升芳烃收率,Ga/ZSM-5上芳烃收率达到40.8%,Ga/MCM-22上芳烃收率可提高到27.1%。另外,采用TG/DTA、GC等方法研究了失活催化剂的积炭情况,发现分子筛结构对积炭量、积炭组成及积炭分布存在显著影响。     

Catalysis with transition metal nanoparticles in colloidal solution: nanoparticle shape dependence and stability

While the nanocatalysis field has undergone an explosive growth during the past decade, there have been very few studies in the area of shape-dependent catalysis and the effect of the catalytic process on the shape and size of transition metal nanoparticles as well as their recycling potential. Metal nanoparticles of different shapes have different crystallographic facets and have different fraction of surface atoms on their corners and edges, which makes it interesting to study the effect of metal nanoparticle shape on the catalytic activity of various organic and inorganic reactions. Transition metal nanoparticles are attractive to use as catalysts due to their high surface-to-volume ratio compared to bulk catalytic materials, but their surface atoms could be so active that changes in the size and shape of the nanoparticles could occur during the course of their catalytic function, which could also affect their recycling potential. In this Feature Article, we review our work on the effect of the shape of the colloidal nanocatalyst on the catalytic activity as well as the effect of the catalytic process on the shape and size of the colloidal transition metal nanocatalysts and their recycling potential. These studies provide important clues on the mechanism of the reactions we studied and also can be very useful in the process of designing better catalysts in the future.     

富氧条件下Ir催化NO反应

用浸渍法制备了系列Ir催化剂, 研究了富氧条件下Ir催化NO的反应, 考察了催化剂的催化反应性能及负载量和载体对催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 在Ir催化剂上不仅发生了NO氧化反应, 同时也发生了NO还原反应; Ir催化剂对NO反应有催化作用, 催化活性随Ir负载量的增加而增强. 载体对催化剂活性有一定的影响, 负载量低于0.1%(w)时, 催化NO氧化的活性顺序为Ir/ZSM-5>Ir/γ-Al2O3>Ir/SiO2, 这主要受载体自身性质的影响; 负载量高于0.1%时, 催化NO氧化的活性顺序为Ir/ZSM-5>Ir/SiO2>Ir/γ的活性顺序为Ir/γ-Al2O3>Ir/SiO2>Ir/ZSM-5, 这主要由于载体吸附作用促进了NO2在Ir催化剂上吸附分解. 与Pt催化剂相比, Ir催化剂更有利于促进NO还原.     

丙烯在ZSM-5沸石上齐聚反应的研究 Ⅰ. 模板剂用量对丙烯齐聚反应的影响

考察了不同正丁胺（NBA）模板剂用量合成ZSM-5沸石的物化特性和催化性能。采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD和BET等手段对合成样品的物化特性进行了表征。结果表明，模板剂与SiO2摩尔比在0.67～0.22时合成的ZSM-5沸石结晶度高于90%；随着模板剂用量的减少，ZSM-5沸石的平均粒径减小，强酸量也存在相同的趋势。丙烯齐聚反应评价结果显示,模板剂用量对合成ZSM-5沸石的催化活性有显著影响，模板剂与SiO2摩尔比在0.67～0.45之间合成的沸石催化性能较好。     

COMPARISON BETWEEN TETRAETHYL ORTHOSILICATE AND AMORPHOUS SILICA AS SILICA SOURCES FOR SYNTHESIZING ZEOLITE ZSM-35

IntroductionZeoliteZSM-35,becauseofitssatisfactorycarelyticpropertiesandcompafativelyhighSiOZ/A12O3ratio,hasattractedconsiderableeffortsleadingtofindtheappropriatesyntheticconditionsforopticalcharactCristicsofproducts.Inadditiontoconventionalhydrothermals…     

Studies on platinum-promoted sulfated zirconia alumina: effects of pretreatment environment and carrier gas on n-butane isomerization and benzene alkylation activities

A series of platinum-promoted sulfated zirconia alumina catalysts (SZA) with different amounts of platinum (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) were synthesized. Two other catalysts were prepared by mechanically mixing different proportions of the Al-promoted sulfated zirconia with Pt/Al(2)O(3). The 650 degrees C calcined catalysts were characterized by N(2) adsorption/desorption (BET), TPR, and TPD analysis. Butane isomerization activity of the catalysts was studied at 270 degrees C, varying the pretreatment environment and carrier gases. Though the textural properties of the catalysts did not change significantly with platinum loading, the maximum surface area of 116 m(2)/g was exhibited by the catalyst with 1 wt% Pt loading. Under the studied reaction conditions, the air-pretreated catalysts (sulfated zirconia alumina (SZA) and platinated SZA) showed higher n-butane conversion than the N(2)-pretreated catalyst. However, nitrogen was a better carrier gas than H(2), CO(2) or air, and CO(2) and air deactivated the catalyst very fast. Unlike the platinated SZA catalysts, the mechanically mixed catalysts showed an induction phenomenon. A redox mechanism is suggested for butane isomerization over these catalysts. The catalyst SZA was also found to be active for alkylation of benzene with isopropanol, which gave 93% selectivity toward cumene.     

The effects of ammonium sulfate and sulfamic acid on the surface acidity of sulfated zirconia

In this work, sulfated zirconia (SZ) was prepared by a solvent-free method, ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) and sulfamic acid (NH₂SO₃H) were as sulfur sources, respectively. The resulting catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and pyridine-FTIR. The characterization of the catalysts revealed that SZ prepared with (NH₄)₂SO₄ as sulfur source contained more Lewis acid sites and less Brønsted acid sites. The effects of sulfur sources on the catalytic activity of catalysts were studied. Catalytic testing showed that SZ prepared with (NH₄)₂SO₄ as sulfur source had a better catalytic performance for removing trace olefins from aromatics.     

中微双孔分子筛Beta-MCM-41的微波合成及加氢脱硫性能研究

以四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)为微孔模板剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为介孔模板剂,SiO2、Fumed Silica或TEOS为硅源,通过微波两步自组装合成Beta-MCM-41型中微双孔分子筛。然后以合成的Beta-MCM-41(BM-S-M)、实验室自制的Beta、MCM-41、SBA-15以及γ-Al2O3为载体,通过等体积浸渍15%MoO3,3%NiO和3%CoO,制备得到Co-Mo-Ni-BM-S-M等氧化物催化剂;并在间歇式高温高压反应釜中,在350℃、5.0MPa H2压力下,以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模拟油品研究所制备催化剂的加氢脱硫性能及反应动力学。结果表明,SiO2为硅源,微波辐射合成的BM-S-M分子筛结构有序性更好,比表面积(1033.923m2/g)和孔容(0.729cm3/g)更大,孔径集中分布在3.08nm(中孔)和1.22nm(微孔),且具有较强的酸性中心。4种不同载体催化剂的DBT加氢脱硫活性顺序为Co-Mo-Ni-BM-S-M>Co-Mo-Ni-MCM-41>商业Co-Mo-Al2O3>Co-Mo-Ni-Beta。此外,4种不同载体催化剂的加氢脱硫过程符合拟一级动力学规律。     

EFFECTS OF SYNTHESIS PARAMETERS ON ZEOLITE ZSM-48 IN A SOLID REACTION MIXTURE SYSTEM

IntroduCtionReCently,zcoliteZSM-48hasbeenspehesizedinapurelysolidsystemll1.Thismethedusedtosynthesizezcolitescangndlyincreasetheyieldofpnductsperunitvolume,simplifythepr0cedresanddecreasethecnvironmentalpolluti0n.ThisincreasestheacualPOssibilityofsynthesisofhigh-silicazcolitesinchemicalindustry.MoreOver,itisalsohelpfulforstUdyingthezeolitecrystalliZai0nmechanism.ItiswellknownthatthesamewneofzeolitessynthesizedindifferentsystemshasdifferentcatalyticpropertiesduetothechangesoftheirfinestruC…     

Solvent-free preparation of nanosized sulfated zirconia with Brønsted acidic sites from a simple calcination

Nanosized sulfated zirconia with Br?nsted acidic sites has been prepared by a simple calcination in the absence of any solvent. XRD patterns reveal that the sulfated zirconia mainly consists of tetragonal crystalline zirconia with average size of about 7 nm, which is further confirmed by TEM images. N2 adsorption data show that the nanosized sulfated zirconia has high surface area (165-193 m2/g) and exhibits uniform pore distribution aggregated by zirconia nanoparticles. IR spectra of samples show that the sulfur species in the nanosized sulfated zirconia is a little different from that in conventional sulfated zirconia. Furthermore, IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine indicate that the nanosized sulfated zirconia contains relatively more Br?nsted acidic sites than conventional sulfated zirconia. Catalytic tests show that the nanosized sulfated zirconia exhibits much higher activity than conventional sulfated zirconia in catalytic esterification of cyclohexanol with acetic acid.     

菲加氢裂解制BTX的催化剂研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/ZSM-5、Ni/HY、Ni/Al₂O₃和Ni/USY四个系列Ni含量不同的催化剂,在固定床反应器中考察了四类催化剂对菲的加氢裂化制BTX反应的催化性能。借助BET、SEM、热重和差热分析对催化剂的形貌、比表面积、平均孔径及积炭情况进行了表征,结合其结果对催化剂性能进行了分析。结果表明,Ni/HY和Ni/USY催化剂中Ni含量为12%时性能最优,收率可达52%。Al₂O₃催化剂的最佳Ni含量为6%,该系催化剂初始性能尚可,但失活较快;ZSM-5型分子筛催化剂性能较差。