微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定人发中10种微量元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法快速测定人发铝、铬、砷、锰、镍、铜、镉、钡、铅、汞10种微量元素的分析方法。通过优化试样前处理手段,以Sc、Ge、In、Bi为内标元素,用ICPMS法测定人发标准物质中的10种微量元素,同时进行精密度,准确度以及人发样品中加标回收实验,验证检测方法的适用性。结果表明,用微波消解-ICP-MS法同时测定10种微量元素标准曲线线性关系较好(r0.999 4),元素检出限为0.002~0.012μg/L,样品加标回收率在92.4%~112%,验证微波消解-ICP-MS法是较为理想的人发样品检测分析方法。     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定皮革中7种重金属元素

建立了微波消解法消解皮革样品,ICP-MS同时测定皮革中的Co,Ni,Cu,Cd,Sb,Hg,Pb 7种微量元素的方法。通过优化微波消解条件、ICP-M S各项参数以及选用~(45)Sc,~(72)Ge,~(115)In,~(209)Bi元素为内标混合液校正基体效应和信号漂移,测得皮革中的7种微量元素的检出限在0.57~2.43μg/L之间,7种元素在25~125μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.9999,样品加标回收率在95.5%~106.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.6%~2.2%之间。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离体子质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定畜禽粪便中7种重金属元素

粪便样品干燥、研磨后,称取0.25 g样品,加入8 mL硝酸,采用微波消解方法进行前处理。采用KED模式消除质谱干扰,采用内标校正消除非质谱干扰(Ge作为Cu、Zn、Cr的内标,Bi作为Hg和Pb的内标,Rh作为As和Cd的内标),建立了可同时测定畜禽粪便中Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Cd、Pb、Hg 7种重金属元素的微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法。方法线性相关系数均在0.9995以上,检出限为0.005~0.305μg/L,加标回收率为83.6%~112%,相对标准偏差为0.70%~5.6%。方法灵敏度、准确度和精密度高,实用性强,适用于同时检测畜禽粪便中多种重金属元素,对畜禽粪便的科学还田具有指导意义。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定锌精矿中的铟和锗

提出了通过微波消解法消解锌精矿,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定锌精矿中铟和锗含量的方法。对样品进行了分解方式的选择和质谱干扰扣除以及加标回收实验,实验结果表明,铟的加标回收率在96.26%~98.70%,锗的加标回收率在99.60%~101.0%,铟的检出限为0.001μg/g,锗的检出限为0.02μg/g,验证了方法的可靠性。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人面果树中的重金属元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定人面果树中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素含量的方法。样品采用HNO3-H2O2消解体系,避免了赶酸的操作,经微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素的含量。方法对7种元素的校准曲线的相关系数r>0.9997,检出限在0.0098～0.0874μg/L之间,回收率在93%～115%之间,RSD在0.41%～4.9%。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定化学原料药中痕量钯含量

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定酒石酸氢可酮原料药中痕量元素钯含量的方法。样品经过微波消解,在优化ICP-MS仪器工作参数后,对样品中的钯含量进行测定。结果表明,方法检出限为0.002 9μg/mL,加标回收率在94.90%～103.4%,相对标准偏差小于3%。方法实现了对化学原料药中痕量钯的快速、简便、准确的检测。方法有望用于其它类似化学原料药中多种痕量元素的同时检测。     

微波消解ICP-MS测定大葱中微量元素含量

建立大葱中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu等4种元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定方法。样品采用微波消解,以Ge为内标,ICP-MS测定各元素含量。结果表明,该法精密度RSD值1.01%~1.33%,回收率98.8%~101.5%,检出限0.013~0.035?g/m L。该法灵敏、准确、快捷,符合大葱中微量元素测定要求。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法测定龟甲胶中6种有害元素

龟甲胶样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定龟甲胶中砷、铅、铬、镉、铜、汞6种有害元素,其中砷用碰撞室技术(CCT)测定,6种元素的检测限范围为0.009~0.036ng/mL,样品加标回收率为85.1%~113.6%,相对标准偏差小于10%。该法简便、快速,可用于龟甲胶中上述6种有害元素的检测。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同肥料产品中铊含量比对

铊是一种高毒性的微量元素,具有较强的富集能力,已被列为肥料的强制性检验项目。选择了水溶性肥料、复混肥料、有机肥料3种代表性的肥料样品,通过比对微波消解和电热板敞口消解前处理方式;分析电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法主要干扰来源;通过建立各自的标准工作曲线、比对方法检出限、精密度、加标回收率,探讨研究肥料产品中铊含量测定方法。研究结果表明：微波消解法和电热板敞口消解法各有优点,可以根据样品实际情况灵活选择。ICP-AES法主要干扰为光谱干扰,需要在前处理过程中除去Mn元素,而ICP-MS法主要干扰为基体效应,可以使用内标物加以校正。ICP-MS法的检出限低于ICP-AES法。由于微波消解-ICP-AES法无法除去消解液中的Mn元素带来的光谱干扰,因此不适合测定铊含量。而微波消解-ICP-MS法、电热板敞口消解-ICP-AES法和电热板敞口消解-ICP-MS法这三种方法测定结果无明显差异,测定标准化肥质控样品均在指定值范围内,加标回收率为86%-110%。实验室可以根据肥料样品的数量、组成、性质合理选择搭配前处理方式和测定方法。     

动能歧视-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定凉皮中多种元素

为快速、准确定量凉皮中多元素含量,采用微波消解法对凉皮样品进行消解处理,优化了ICP-MS仪器参数条件,选择适合的内标元素,运用动能歧视技术(KED)降低质谱干扰,利用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定凉皮中K、Ca、Mg、Be、V、Cr、Ni、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Pb、B、Al、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Ba及Hg等22种元素含量,各元素相关系数均大于0.995,检出限为0.002 1~6.5 μg/kg。并考察了方法的线性范围、检出限、准确性、稳定性、加标回收率。结果表明,KED-ICP-MS法测定凉皮中各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)均在10%以内,方法加标回收率(n=6)在74.1%～120%,RSD值(n=6)在0.6%～8.1%,标准曲线线性关系良好(R2 = 0.995～0.999)。方法具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确的特点,适用于凉皮中多元素的高通量检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.