萃取光度法测定钨精矿中钍

试样经碱熔、溶液浸取后 ,以 Mg Cl2 为载体沉淀钍 ,再经沉淀溶解、萃取和反萃 ,在 3.6mol/L 盐酸介质中对钍进行光度法测定。钍量在 0～ 2 0 μg/2 5m L浓度范围符合比耳定律。钨精矿中常见杂质元素及其含量对钍的测定无明显影响。方法的标准偏差为 5.0× 1 0 -5～ 1 .1 7× 1 0 -4 ,相对标准偏差为 1 .87%～1 0 .8%。     

土壤对外源钍的吸附行为表征

外源钍对土壤的污染风险和程度取决于钍在土壤中的吸附行为. 以包头稀土工业区土壤样品和土壤环境矿物组分为研究对象, 通过静态吸附方法研究外源钍在土壤样品和环境矿物组分(高岭土、蒙脱土、碳酸钙、水合氧化铁/锰和腐殖酸)上的吸附, 并对吸附行为进行了表征. 结果表明, 土壤样品对外源钍有很强的吸附能力, 对加入的外源钍(10^-4 mol/L)吸附率在97%以上; 土壤环境矿物组分对加入的外源钍(1 g/L)吸附率在28%～46%之间. 通过扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)分析可知, 外源钍进入土壤后与矿物组分发生相互作用, 可能形成了稳定化钙质钍碳酸盐和钍磷酸盐; 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明, 钍是与土壤环境矿物组分上的活性吸附位点发生相互作用而吸附并保持在土壤中, 是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的过程; X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明, 土壤在吸附钍前后, 其矿物组分基本相同, 而矿物晶体相态发生明显变化. 由于不同土壤矿物组分对钍的吸附方式不同, 导致吸附的钍以不同形态存在于土壤中.     

阳离子交换树脂膜吸附-X荧光光谱法测定矿石中的钍

本文介绍了一种用阳离子交换树脂膜吸附X荧光光谱法测定矿石中钍的方法。在0～250微克/100毫升范围,钍的浓度与强度呈线性关系,当钍含量大于100ppm时,其变异系数为3.38%。     

铱催化高碘酸钾氧化钍试剂动力学光度法测定痕量铱

在磷酸和热水浴中,铱(Ⅳ)对高碘酸钾氧化钍试剂的反应具有催化作用,依此建立了测定铱的新催化光度法。铱的浓度在0.20μg/10mL～2.0μg/10mL范围内与催化反应速率有良好的线性关系,检出限为6.24×10-3μg/mL。对0.50μg/10mLIr(Ⅳ)测定的相对标准偏差为2.0%(n=10)。该催化反应对铱(Ⅳ)和钍试剂分别为一级反应,其表观活化能为81.66kJ/mol。实验了40多种共存离子的影响,大多数的常见离子不干扰。用该方法测定岩矿和冶金产品中铱的含量,相对标准偏差为1.0%～1.1%,加标回收率为95%～100%。     

HEH/EHP萃取剂中钍的反萃性能研究

研究了含钍HEH/EHP(2-乙基己基膦酸单-2-乙基己基脂)萃取剂中钍的反萃性能。采用HCl,HNO3和H2SO4三种矿物酸分别对钍进行了反萃试验研究,结果表明,当反萃酸浓度为[H+]=6 mol.L-1时,HCl和HNO3反钍率小于1%,而硫酸的反钍率接近69%,表明H2SO4是钍的有效反萃剂。以H2SO4作为反萃剂,研究了相比、反萃酸浓度、酸用量、萃取剂浓度及钍负载量对钍的反萃性能的影响。在此基础上,对钍的逆流反萃过程进行了研究,当起始酸浓度为7 mol.L-1时,分别采用1∶1和4∶1的相比进行3级逆流反萃,反萃率分别为92.10%和53.29%。     

4-(H酸偶氮)-1-苯基-3-甲基吡唑啉酮与钍的显色反应及其应用

研究了新试剂4-(H酸偶氮)-1-苯基-3-甲基吡唑啉酮(HAPMP)与钍的显色反应.在pH=5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,阳离子表面活性剂CFMAB存在下,HAPMP与Th(Ⅳ)反应生成2:1红色络合物,λ_(mas)=55nm,ε=2.24×10~5 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).钍(Ⅳ)含量在0～640μg/L内符合比定律,方法用于合金中钍的测定,结果令人满意.     

钍(Ⅳ)与偶氮溴膦-mB和溴化十四烷基吡啶在乙醇-水溶液中的显色反应及其分析应用

在pH1～2的酸性介质中,钍(Ⅳ)与偶氮溴膦-mB(BPAmB)形成最大吸收波长(λ_(max)位于686nm的蓝色络合物,摩尔吸光系数(ε)为8.27×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).在有少量乙醇存在的0.5～1.0 mol/L盐酸溶液中,钍(Ⅳ)能与BPAmB和溴化十四烷基吡啶形成更灵敏的三元络合物,最大吸收位于695nm,具有更大的对比度(△λ=135nm)和更高的灵敏度.ε值达1.41×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),是目前光度法测定钍(Ⅳ)灵敏度最高的显色反应之一,Th(Ⅳ)的浓度在0～800μg/L范围内遵守比尔定律.方法具有良好的选择性,此法用于岩矿中微量钍的测定,结果满意.     

蛋白质与钍试剂I作用的电化学行为的研究

在pH4.8的NaAc HAc缓冲液中,钍试剂Ⅰ与蛋白质能够相互作用形成超分子复合物,使钍试剂Ⅰ在-0.58V(SCE)处的极谱还原峰峰电流下降,在最佳条件下,峰电流的下降值同牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的质量浓度在1.5～25mg/L范围内呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为Δip=-265.4+181.2ρBSA,相关系数r=0 998(n=7),检出限为1mg/L。可应用于血清样品的测定。     

催化动力学褪色光度法测定痕量钍(Ⅳ)的研究

在HNO3介质中,H2O2和KIO4能共同氧化二甲苯蓝FF褪色,而痕量钍(Ⅳ)又能灵敏地催化该反应。研究了该指示反应的最佳反应条件及动力学参数,建立了一种测定痕量钍(Ⅳ)的新方法。本测定方法的线性范围为0～0.0040μg/mLTh4 ,检测限为7.9×10-11g/mL。方法已用于土壤样品中钍(Ⅳ)的测定。     

微波消解-液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用(LC-AFS)法测定稻米样品中砷形态

建立了稻米中4种砷元素形态的液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用法(LC-AFS),样品用0.15mol/L的硝酸溶液微波提取50min,提取液经离心分离后,采用Hamilton PRP-X100色谱柱,45mmol/L KH2PO4-5mmol/L Na2HPO4缓冲液为流动相,砷形态4个组分能够在7min内达到基线分离,且无需调pH。优化了氢化物发生条件,使用了更低浓度的载流和还原剂。方法学实验结果表明,各组分在2~10ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9988~0.9998,各组分的检出限分别为0.29 ng/mL、0.47 ng/mL、0.62 ng/mL和1.16 ng/mL;各组分峰面积的相对标准偏差均低于3.11%;加标回收率为85.3%～112.8%;对稻米标准物质的分析测定结果表明该方法定值准确。最后,与GB 5009.11-2014中使用的提取及测量条件进行对比,表明该方具备法快速、环保、高效的特点。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.