基于计数法测量激光多普勒测速仪的测速精度

为了测量所设计的激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)的测量精度,用均匀转动的斩波片代替高精度的转台作为标准的速度源,并基于单片机AT89S52,采用光计数的方法测量斩波片上某一固定位置的切向运动速度,LDV的测量结果与之相比较。实验结果表明,LDV测速的相对精度不超过8‰,稳定性较好。     

离心叶轮内三维湍流流场的实验研究

利用多普勒激光测速仪对闭式后弯离心叶轮内三维湍流流场进行了实验研究。叶轮在带有无叶扩压器的通风机内运行。对整个流道内各流面的测点进行了详细的数据采集和统计．由得到的测量结果,分析了叶轮内回转面、径向面上主流速度的分布及发展趋势,气流角由叶轮进口向出口、由压力侧向吸力侧的变化规律、以及叶轮出口处二次旋涡流动等流动特性。     

载体振动对差动激光多普勒测速仪的影响

 为了减小载体振动对传统差动激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)测速精度的影响,提出了Janus配置的差动LDV,并对其速度测量的相对误差进行了理论分析与数值仿真。结果表明：Janus配置技术可以近似反演出载体上下振动时的俯仰角,并对速度进行补偿;载体上下振动对传统差动LDV的测量精度有较大影响,而对Janus配置的差动LDV的影响较小;在Janus配置的差动LDV中,当存在俯仰角且大小一定时,随着载体上下起伏速度与运行速度比值增大,速度测量的相对误差增大;当载体上下起伏速度与运行速度的比值为0.01,俯仰角小于10°时,Janus配置的差动LDV的速度测量的相对误差小于0.2%。     

激光多普勒测量中信号的误差分析

激光多普勒测量技术在流体以及固体表面测量中得到了广泛的运用。由于影响测量的误差源较多 ,因而在实际的测量过程中 ,激光多普勒测量的精度并不是非常的高。影响测量精度的误差主要是激光多普勒频率增宽 ,高斯光束的干涉以及安装误差。通过控制不同的系统参数 ,可以消除或减小相应的误差     

绕水翼超空化现象的实验研究

超空化现象由于可被应用于水下运动物体的减阻而重新引起了人们的关注。为了了解超空化流动区域的流动特性,观察了超空化流动区域的流动结构;采用LDV的方法测量了超空化发生时绕水翼的速度分布大小。结果表明,当空化发展到超空化阶段,在流动区域内形成明显的空化和水流两个流动区域。在超空化流动区域内,充满了空泡和水的混合物。靠近界面的区域内,混合液流的流速和主流区域的流速大小基本相同,而在邻近翼型表面的区域内,具有较大的速度梯度。     

地基激光测风雷达的光束扫描及风场反演

 激光测风雷达通过多普勒频移来确定激光束视线方向上的大气风场的速度矢量。由这些测得的矢量可反演大气风场群速的速度矢量。在本文中,我们将讨论利用单一LDV系统,激光束的扫描方式采用圆锥扫描,在扫描圆锥的垂直截面上取四个正交点上的多普勒风速矢量。通过这四个矢量,利用空间解析几何的知识,最终推导出观测视场上风场的水平和垂直方向的矢量分量。     

An international review of laser Doppler vibrometry: Making light work of vibration measurement

In 1964, just a few years after the invention of the laser, a fluid velocity measurement based on the frequency shift of scattered light was made and the laser Doppler technique was born. This comprehensive review paper charts advances in the development and applications of laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) since those first pioneering experiments. Consideration is first given to the challenges that continue to be posed by laser speckle. Scanning LDV is introduced and its significant influence in the field of experimental modal analysis described. Applications in structural health monitoring and MEMS serve to demonstrate LDV's applicability on structures of all sizes. Rotor vibrations and hearing are explored as examples of the classic applications. Applications in acoustics recognise the versatility of LDV as demonstrated by visualisation of sound fields. The paper concludes with thoughts on future developments, using examples of new multi-component and multi-channel instruments.     

固体沿光轴方向的极缓慢速度和微小位移的激光多普勒测量

为了实现目标极缓慢速度和微小位移的实时、准确监测,消除各种干扰对微弱多普勒信号的影响,设计了一套激光多普勒测速(LDV)系统。该系统采用迈克尔逊干涉光路和调幅解调、相敏检测技术,具有较强的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明,该系统可实现固体目标沿光轴方向μm/s级速度和μm级位移的实时、准确测量。该系统光路结构简单,对目标的表面状况无特殊要求,可用于滑坡、地陷等地质灾害的监测,及桥梁、大坝等工程结构变形状况的检测,该方案对相关科学实验和工件精密测量也有重要意义。     

压气机转子内流场的三维LDV测量

激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）的应用日益变得广泛，由于环境条件、物理和几何上的可达性以及流动的复杂性，使人们在每个具体应用中，需要对仪器参数合理地设置和实验装置全面地考虑．通过对一个轴流压气机转子尖区内流场的反复测试，比较精细的流动结构被揭示出来．这里所阐述的LDV测量技术，在其它方面的应用中，也具有一定的普遍意义．     

Ultrasonic SH wave velocity in textured aluminium plates

Neutron diffraction has been used to measure the crystallite orientation distribution function for a sample of rolled aluminium plate. Based on this study an expression is given for the ultrasonic velocity of the fundamental horizontally polarized shear (SH) wave propagating in the plane of the plate at an angle θ to the rolling direction. This expression is correct to second order in the leading texture component and is compared with the exact numerical result and with measurements of the SH wave velocity for this plate. In textured materials the group and phase velocities are not, in general, parallel and an expression for the angle between them is derived. Inclusion of this effect leads to better agreement between experiment and theory. The results have application to the texture-independent determination of stress with ultrasonics recently proposed by MacDonald and Thompson et al.     

The application of an electro-optical frequency modulator with a rotating electric field in optical Doppler velocimeters

The possibility of using an electro-optical frequency modulator with a rotating electric field (MREF) in LDV is discussed. Prototype systems measuring one component of the velocity vector are described. Photographs of the experimental signals obtained are given.     

全场光学相干层析成像系统的研制

研制了一套采用旋转1/2波片无色散移相器进行移相操作的全场光学相干层析成像系统.该移相器能在宽光谱范围内无色散地获得8倍于1/2波片旋转角的移相量,能快速、方便地为各种移相算法提供所需的移相量.移相量实测结果表明：系统获得了8倍旋转角的移相量,提出的移相器结构正确.采用Hariharan移相算法对反射镜样品进行的成像实验表明系统具有较高的移相精度.最后进行的实物样品成像实验,检验了系统的有效性. 关键词： 全场光学相干层析成像 无色散移相器 旋转1/2波片     

大剪切电子散斑干涉的载频调制与位移场测量

将电子散斑干涉场的载波调制引入到大剪切电子散斑干涉中,通过对参考物的微小偏转引入载波条纹;利用傅里叶变换法,解调出了变形场的相位,从而实现了物体变形场的精确测量。讨论了大剪切载频的调制机理,理论分析表明,调制条纹的空间频率与参考面偏转的角度成正比;因此,控制参考面的偏转角度可实现不同位移量系统的调制。利用中心加载周边固定圆盘进行了典型实验,实验结果证明在大剪切电子散斑干涉技术中可以通过参考面的旋转高质量地实现电子散斑干涉条纹的调制,求解位移场。该系统具有系统简单,不需要专门引入参考光,条纹质量好等优点。该技术可扩展电子散斑干涉的应用范围,有一定的实际应用价值。     

轴流风机转子通道内尖区三维流场

1引言高性能叶轮机研制的困难在于对其内部尤其是转子内以三维旋涡流动、湍流和非定常流为特征的复杂流动缺乏深入的了解和预估。利用热丝热膜、压力探针测量转子通道内流场需要有复杂的旋转位移机构和信号传输系统，文献[1]、文献[2]等利用旋转探针技术获得了反映压气机转子内三维流动的很宝贵的实验数据。激光多普勒测速技术（LDV）以测量的非接触式和动态的本质，能在不干扰流场的情况下，在固定参考系测量旋转部件中的流动。自从LDV成功地用于测量压气机转子内的流动以来[3]，这项技术近年来有了长足的进步[4]。文献[5]用一台一维、…     

Continuous scanning, laser imaging velocimetry

Careful exploitation of the anisotropy native to late time stratified and rotating flows permits the use of a laser scanning measurement technique to simultaneously resolve the 2D velocity field in O(100) slices. The technique relies on getting the Reynolds number from the length scale while keeping the velocity small, this provides a characteristic time scale that is sufficiently large to permit full 3D scanning through the measurement volume in a relatively short time. As the vertical velocity component of these late time stratified flows is effectively zero, all components of the deformation tensor are resolved. 3D, time resolved measurements of the vorticity and enstrophy fields associated with stratified rotating flows such as vortex dipoles, monopoles and wakes are presented.     

Acoustic source identification using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer

This paper shows how a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), an instrument designed to measure vibrations of structures or objects, can be used in a non-traditional fashion to identify acoustical sources. This is achieved by measuring the changes in the optical path induced by local fluctuation of the air refraction index to which the LDV is sensitive. The acoustical signal used is sinusoidal and may be recovered by scanning at a uniform rate over a subject area (continuous scan) parallel to the source axis and demodulating this signal. Due to the fact that the measured scan area is in fact a line integral over a measurement volume between the laser head and a rigid object needed to reflect the laser beam, multiple view planes around the axis of the acoustic source are usually measured. These are then passed through a tomographic algorithm, thereby reconstructing the full sound field. In this article however, only one view plane is measured, but the acoustic source is placed on a rotating surface with fixed rotational frequency, thereby imposing a modulation on the measured spectrum. Demodulation will allow reconstruction of the three-dimensional sound field.     

热连轧粗轧调宽轧制过程边角部金属流动三维数值模拟

以梅山钢铁股份有限公司热轧机组的粗轧板坯边部出现“黑线”为背景,对孔型立辊的5道次可逆立-平轧制过程进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明：孔型立辊轧制能更有效地纠正双鼓变形,避免产生边部夹层;轧件的边角部金属在轧制过程中逐渐流动到轧件的上下表面;在相同轧制工艺条件下,随着孔型内倒角半径的增加翻平量逐渐增大;轧制过程中,低温、高应力应变状态的金属在轧件边部的累积最终可能导致轧件边部沿长度方向产生“黑线”缺陷;合理地设计立辊的形状和优化立轧压下制度可以避免边部夹层的产生,并减少“黑线”缺陷甚至消除该缺陷. 关键词： 热连轧 数值模拟 “黑线”缺陷     

A comparative study of the PIV and LDV measurements on a self-induced sloshing flow

Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements on a self-induced sloshing flow in a rectangular tank had been conducted in the present study. The PIV measurement result was compared with LDV measurement result quantitatively in order to evaluate the accuracy level of the PIV measurement. The comparison results show that the PIV and LDV measurement results agree with each other well in general for both mean velocity and fluctuations of the velocity components. The average disagreement level of the mean velocity between PIV and LDV measurement results was found to be within 3% of the target velocity for the PIV system parameter selection. Bigger disagreements between the PIV and LDV measurement results were found to concentrate at high shear regions. The spatial resolution and temporal resolution differences of the PIV and LDV measurements and the limited frames of the PIV instantaneous results were suggested to be the main reasons for the disagreement.