双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量

建立了双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的分析方法。样品用H3PO4溶液提取,三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,苯磺酸型和羧酸型固相萃取柱净化,经Atlantis C18色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定。牛奶中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为4μg/kg,定量限均为10μg/kg,奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为30μg/kg,定量限均为80μg/kg,方法回收率为80%~86%,相对标准偏差为5.9%~11.5%。本方法适用于牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的测定。     

鳗鱼、蜂蜜中链霉素、双氢链霉素残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法同时检测鳗鱼和蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的方法。样品用庚烷磺酸钠和磷酸盐缓冲液提取,经SUPELCO LC-C18固相萃取净化后,采用Thermo Aquasil-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)分离,以含0.3%乙酸的乙腈溶液和0.3%乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式测定,外标法定量。该方法在10~100μg/kg质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,定量下限均为10μg/kg。方法的回收率为89.6%~110.3%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~20.9%。该方法简便、实用、准确、快捷,能够满足蜂蜜和鳗鱼中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的检测需要。     

串联双柱固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定番茄酱中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量

建立了同时测定番茄酱中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的串联双柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品中的残留物用磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 4)提取,经分散固相萃取净化和串联双柱固相萃取净化后,用极性色谱柱在梯度洗脱条件下分离待测物,采用正离子电喷雾离子源(ESI+)在多反应监测(MRM)扫描模式下进行测定,外标法定量。链霉素和双氢链霉素在0.01～0.2 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.999。链霉素和双氢链霉素的定量限均为0.02 mg/kg,回收率为71%～101%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～15%。该方法操作简便,净化效果好,灵敏,准确,适用于检测和分析番茄酱及其制品中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物性食品中链霉素与双氢链霉素

建立了植物性食品(苹果、芹菜、甜椒、干扁豆)中链霉素(Streptomycin,STR)和双氢链霉素(Dihydrostreptomycin,DHS)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取,借助WCX固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用Atlantis Hilic Silica亲水作用色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,3μm)分离,乙腈-0.1 mol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸溶液等度洗脱,以电喷雾电离串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果显示,链霉素和双氢链霉素在10～120μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,定量下限均为125μg/kg。本底空白的4种样品基质在3个添加水平(125、250、500μg/kg)下的平均回收率为83.6%～101%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～7.8%。该方法无需使用对LC-MS联用仪造成污染的离子对试剂,且方法操作简便、快速、可靠、稳定,能满足大部分植物性食品中链霉素和双氢链霉素的检测需要。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄中链霉素和双氢链霉素

研究系统地优化了样品前处理过程及仪器分析中影响链霉素和双氢链霉素残留分析准确度与响应灵敏度的各主要因素,建立了葡萄中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留的快速精准定量分析方法。葡萄样品经磷酸溶液(pH=2)超声提取、Oasis HLB单固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)分离,柱温35 ℃,进样量2 μL,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇溶液(60∶40, v/v)为流动相进行等度洗脱,在正离子、电喷雾电离源多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。链霉素和双氢链霉素在2~400 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)分别为0.9991和0.9997;在5、10、20和40 μg/kg 4个添加水平下的平均回收率为76.8%~91.9%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~10.2%;链霉素和双氢链霉素的检出限(LOD)为1 μg/L,定量限(LOQ)为5 μg/kg。为验证该方法的适用性,将方法适用于无籽红提、新郁葡萄、夏黑葡萄等实际样品中进行添加回收实验,链霉素和双氢链霉素的平均回收率分别为77.2%~83.9%和70.8%~78.9%, RSD为3.0%~15.6%。该法的准确度和精密度均符合葡萄中链霉素和双氢链霉素分析要求,且操作简便、准确,灵敏度高,适用于葡萄中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的检测分析。     

蜂蜜中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留量的液相色谱串联质谱法测定

建立了液相色谱串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时对蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量进行分析的方法。采用磷酸溶液提取,苯磺酸固相萃取柱和C18固相萃取柱串联净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定。链霉素的检出限为0.002 mg/kg,线性范围为0.005～0.100 mg/kg,相关系数为0.9992;双氢链霉素检出限为0.001mg/kg,线性范围为0.002～0.050 mg/kg,相关系数为0.9924。方法回收率为78%～95%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～4.9%。该法实用、准确、快捷,可应用于蜂蜜样品中链霉素和双氢链霉素的同时检测。     

液相色谱法测定番茄制品中链霉素和双氢链霉素的残留量

建立了测定番茄制品中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的净化方案.样品中的残留物用磷酸盐缓冲液(pH4)提取,经分散固相萃取法初步净化后,再经串联双柱固相萃取净化,用RPC18(Symmetry Shield)色谱柱在梯度洗脱下分离待测物,外标法定量.链霉素的线性范围为0.05～0.8 mg/L,相关系数r＞0.999 8.方法的回收率为71％～95％,定量限(S/N=10)为0.1 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.6％～10.5％.该方法操作简便,净化效果好,灵敏、准确,检测成本低,适用于检测和分析番茄制品中链霉素和双氢链霉素的残留量.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鳗鱼中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量

建立了不使用离子对试剂,液质联用技术检测鳗鱼中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的检测方法。样品经三氯乙酸溶液提取,碱性氧化铝快速净化,弱阳离子交换柱固相萃取,CAPCELL PAK ST柱分离。链霉素和双氢链霉素检出限为1.5μg/kg,在10.0~500 ng/m L质量浓度范围内链霉素和双氢链霉素呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9999和0.9994,回收率在78.3%~105.9%之间,相对标准偏差在3.1%~6.6%之间。方法采用碱性氧化铝基质分散固相萃取,除去样液中油脂同时也降低样液中酸的浓度,进而降低固相萃取上样液中碱金属离子强度,提高了链霉素和双氢链霉素残留检测的绝对回收率。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）测定蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素的分析方法。样品中链霉素和双氢链霉素经20 g/L三氯乙酸水溶液（含50 mmol/L磷酸盐，pH 6.8）提取，HLB固相萃取柱净化，采用HILIC-MS/MS对目标物进行定性和定量分析。采用SIELC Obelisc R色谱柱，以0.5%（体积分数）甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离，在正离子模式下检测，外标法定量。该方法在2.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好（r>0.99），检出限（LOD）为2.0 μg/kg，定量限（LOQ）为5.0 μg/kg。在空白蜂蜜样品中进行5.0、20.0、100.0 μg/kg 3个水平的加标回收试验，方法的平均回收率为86.9%~113.2%，精密度在10%以下。该方法简单、快速、灵敏，重复性好，可用于蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素的定量测定。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱质谱测定替米沙坦中N-甲基邻苯二胺残留量

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)测定替米沙坦中N-甲基邻苯二胺残留量的分析方法。替米沙坦药物以水-乙腈(80∶20,体积比)溶解后,采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(3.5μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)进行分离,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)扫描方式下选择离子监测(SRM)模式对样品进行检测。结果表明,N-甲基邻苯二胺在2.0~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r0.99),检出限(S/N=3)为0.5μg/L,定量下限(S/N=10)为2.0μg/L。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于替米沙坦中N-甲基邻苯二胺残留量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).