奶粉中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了奶粉样品中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品用ED-TA-Na2缓冲溶液提取,弱阳离子交换树脂固相萃取柱(WCX)净化后,采用HILIC色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和含0.3%甲酸的100 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式测定,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,链霉素和双氢链霉素在2.0~50.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,检出限均为0.01 mg/kg,方法的回收率为74%~110%,相对标准偏差均不大于9.4%。该方法简便、快速、实用、准确,能够满足奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的检测要求。     

双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量

建立了双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的分析方法。样品用H3PO4溶液提取,三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,苯磺酸型和羧酸型固相萃取柱净化,经Atlantis C18色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定。牛奶中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为4μg/kg,定量限均为10μg/kg,奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为30μg/kg,定量限均为80μg/kg,方法回收率为80%~86%,相对标准偏差为5.9%~11.5%。本方法适用于牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的测定。     

鳗鱼、蜂蜜中链霉素、双氢链霉素残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法同时检测鳗鱼和蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的方法。样品用庚烷磺酸钠和磷酸盐缓冲液提取,经SUPELCO LC-C18固相萃取净化后,采用Thermo Aquasil-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)分离,以含0.3%乙酸的乙腈溶液和0.3%乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式测定,外标法定量。该方法在10~100μg/kg质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,定量下限均为10μg/kg。方法的回收率为89.6%~110.3%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~20.9%。该方法简便、实用、准确、快捷,能够满足蜂蜜和鳗鱼中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的检测需要。     

串联双柱固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定番茄酱中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量

建立了同时测定番茄酱中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的串联双柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品中的残留物用磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 4)提取,经分散固相萃取净化和串联双柱固相萃取净化后,用极性色谱柱在梯度洗脱条件下分离待测物,采用正离子电喷雾离子源(ESI+)在多反应监测(MRM)扫描模式下进行测定,外标法定量。链霉素和双氢链霉素在0.01～0.2 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.999。链霉素和双氢链霉素的定量限均为0.02 mg/kg,回收率为71%～101%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～15%。该方法操作简便,净化效果好,灵敏,准确,适用于检测和分析番茄酱及其制品中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量。     

蜂蜜中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留量的液相色谱串联质谱法测定

建立了液相色谱串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时对蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量进行分析的方法。采用磷酸溶液提取,苯磺酸固相萃取柱和C18固相萃取柱串联净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定。链霉素的检出限为0.002 mg/kg,线性范围为0.005～0.100 mg/kg,相关系数为0.9992;双氢链霉素检出限为0.001mg/kg,线性范围为0.002～0.050 mg/kg,相关系数为0.9924。方法回收率为78%～95%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～4.9%。该法实用、准确、快捷,可应用于蜂蜜样品中链霉素和双氢链霉素的同时检测。     

固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中二甲基黄

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定食品中二甲基黄(DMY)的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,二甲基黄专用固相萃取小柱(ProElut DMY SPE)净化,XDB-C18色谱柱(50 mm×4.6 mm,1.8μm)分离,并以5mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%(v/v)甲酸)-乙腈(含0.1%(v/v)甲酸)为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式(ESI~+)电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,内标法定量。结果表明,DMY在0~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999。方法的检出限(LOD,S/N3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N10)分别为2μg/kg和10μg/kg。不同食品基质中,DMY在10、20和100μg/kg的添加水平下的平均加标回收率为93.3%~98.9%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~3.9%(n=6)。该方法有效补偿了液相色谱-串联质谱检测过程中的离子化抑制效应,灵敏度和准确度高,适用于腐乳、辣椒酱、禽蛋、豆干、糖果和火腿中DMY的测定。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺的方法。液态奶样品经体积分数2.5%甲酸溶液提取、离心后乙腈稀释,亲水作用色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测器检测,分别在负、正离子模式下测定三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺。三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺分别在0.5～100μg/L、0.1～50μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在0.25～15mg/kg、0.1～7.5mg/kg添加水平范围内,三聚氰酸平均回收率为84.5%～98.0%(RSD为2.1%～6.1%),三聚氰胺平均回收率为85.5%～88.9%(RSD为3.2～5.8%)。三聚氰酸、三聚氰胺定量限分别为0.25mg/kg、0.1mg/kg。     

固相萃取/~(18)O标记高氯酸根稀释高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果中的高氯酸盐

建立了水果中高氯酸盐的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析检测方法。样品采用1%乙酸提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,Waters IC-Pak Anion HR(4.6 mm×75 mm)色谱柱洗脱,流动相为乙腈-100 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(体积比60∶40),流速0.7 m L/min;液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用技术-电喷雾负离子监测模式检测,采用18O标记高氯酸根离子作为内标进行基质校正,内标法定量。结果表明:高氯酸盐在0.1~10.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,定量下限为1.0μg/kg;在1.0,2.0,10μg/kg 3个加标水平下的回收率为92.5%~110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~5.4%。实际样品检测表明该方法准确可靠,适合于水果中高氯酸盐的测定。     

在线净化液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源食品中金刚烷胺的残留

建立了在线净化液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源食品中金刚烷胺的残留。样品用甲醇-1%三氯乙酸或乙腈提取,提取液用阳离子交换在线净化柱(Cyclone MCX)净化,5%氨水-甲醇溶液将分析物洗脱转入至Capcell Pak MG C18分析柱,经色谱分离后,用串联质谱检测。方法的定量限(LOQ)牛奶为0.25μg/kg,动物组织和鸡蛋为0.5μg/kg,在0.1～20μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性,线性相关系数大于0.9995。方法在3个水平的添加回收率为83.3%～93.6%,相对标准偏差在3.5%～5.9%之间。方法简单快速,回收率高,重现性好,适用于动物源食品中金刚烷胺残留的定量及确证分析。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）测定蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素的分析方法。样品中链霉素和双氢链霉素经20 g/L三氯乙酸水溶液（含50 mmol/L磷酸盐，pH 6.8）提取，HLB固相萃取柱净化，采用HILIC-MS/MS对目标物进行定性和定量分析。采用SIELC Obelisc R色谱柱，以0.5%（体积分数）甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离，在正离子模式下检测，外标法定量。该方法在2.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好（r>0.99），检出限（LOD）为2.0 μg/kg，定量限（LOQ）为5.0 μg/kg。在空白蜂蜜样品中进行5.0、20.0、100.0 μg/kg 3个水平的加标回收试验，方法的平均回收率为86.9%~113.2%，精密度在10%以下。该方法简单、快速、灵敏，重复性好，可用于蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素的定量测定。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.