Pairwise thermal entanglement in a three-qubit Heisenberg XX model with a nonuniform magnetic field and Dzyaloshinski-- Moriya interaction

Pairwise thermal entanglement in a three-qubit Heisenberg XX model is investigated when a nonuniform magnetic field and the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction are included. We find that the nonuniform magnetic field and Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction are the more efficient control parameters for the increase of entanglement and critical temperature. For both the nearest neighbour sites and the next nearest neighbour sites, the magnetic field can induce entanglement to a certain extent and the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction can enhance the entanglement to a stable value. The steady value of the nearest neighbour site entanglement C 12 is larger than the next nearest neighbour site entanglement C 13 . An interesting phenomenon is that the entanglement curve of C 12 appears a peak value when the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction is considered in a nonuniform magnetic field.     

CRITICAL CURRENT AND FLUX CREEP IN YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) THIN FILMS

The critical currents of YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films have been measured at 74. 3K in magnetic fields up to 2.1T and at the temperature range from 64K to Tc in the absence of the field. Jc-B and Jc-T data were fitted to the flux creep model. The values of pinning energy and number density of pinning centers were obtained from the fits. The results show that the measured critical current density is flux-creep-limited and is several times smaller than Jco, the critical current density in the absence of flux creep. The distribution of pinning energies and inhomogeneity may be responsible for the discrepancy of pinning energy values obtained from different methods.     

Effects of Different Spin-Spin Couplings and Magnetic Fields on Thermal Entanglement in Heisenberg XYZ Chain

The effects of spin-spin interaction on thermed entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model with different inhomogeneous magnetic fields are investigated. It is shown that the entanglement is dependent on the spin-spin interaction and the inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The larger the Ji （i-axis spin-spin interaction）, the higher critical value the Bi （i-axis uniform magnetic field） has. Moreover, in the weak-field regime, the larger Ji corresponds to more entanglement, while in the strong-field regime, different Ji correspond to the same entanglement. In addition, it is found that with the increase of Ji, the concurrence can approach the maximum value more rapidly for the smaller Bi, and can reach a larger value for the smaller bi （i-axis nonuniform magnetic field）. So we can get more entanglement by increasing the spin-spin interaction Ji, or by decreasing the uniform magnetic field Bi and the nonuniform magnetic field hi.     

Magneto-resistance and vortex phase diagram of BaNi_（0.1）Fe_（1.9）As_2 single crystal

The transition from vortex glass to a liquid phase is studied in Ba Ni0.1Fe1.9As2 single crystal with Tc = 19.4 K by magneto-resistance measurements. The resistivity curves are measured in magnetic fields in a range of 0 T–13 T for H‖c and H⊥c. Good scalings for all values of resistivity ρ（H, T） and the effective pinning potential U0（H, T） are obtained with the modified vortex glass theory by using the critical exponents s and H0. Phase diagrams for H‖c and H⊥c are determined based on the obtained vortex glass temperature Tg, the vortex dimensionality crossover temperature T＊, and the upper critical magnetic field Hc2. Our results suggest that both below and above 5 T, single vortex pinning co-exists with collective creep, and collective creep is dominant. There is a narrower vortex liquid region for H⊥c than for H‖c in the vortex phase diagram, which may originate from a stronger pinning force.     

Excitonic Absorption of Semiconductor Nanorings under Terahertz Fields

The optical absorption of GaAs nanorings （NRs） under adc electric field and a terahertz （THz） ac electric field applied in the plane containing the NRs is investigated theoretically. The NRs may enclose some magnetic flux in the presence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the NRs plane. Numerical calculation shows that the excitonic effects are essential to correctly describe the optical absorption in NRs. The applied lateral THz electric field, as well as the dc field leads to reduction, broadening and splitting of the exciton peak. In contrast to the presence of a dc field, significant optical absorption peak arises below the zero-field bandgap in the presence ofa THz electric field at a certain frequency. The optical absorption spectrum depends evidently on the frequency and amplitude of the applied THz field and on the magnetic flux threading the NRs. This promises potential applications of NRs for magneto-optical and THz electro-optical sensing.     

Entanglement dynamics of two qubits coupled by Heisenberg XY interaction under a nonuniform magnetic field in a spin bath

This paper investigates the entanglement dynamics of a Heisenberg XY model for a two-spin system in the presence of a nonuniform magnetic field.The master equations and the concurrence evolution equations for the initial α state are derived and analysed.It is shown that for the symmetric initial α state,only the nonuniform field can play a role in entanglement dynamics while the uniform field and the bath will not play such a role.For the asymmetric α state,the nonuniform field leads to the beat pattern oscillation of the concurrence evolution.The inhomogeneity of the field can enhance the entanglement by suppressing the decoherence effects of both the spin-orbit interaction and the spin bath.     

Influence of super-strong magnetic field on the electron chemical potential and β decay in the stellar surroundings

In this paper, considering the quantum effect of electrons in a super-strong magnetic field, the influence of a super-strong magnetic field on the chemical potential of a non-zero temperature electron is analyzed, the rates of β decay under the super-strong magnetic field are studied, and then we compare them with the case without a magnetic field. Here, the nucleus ^63Co is investigated in detail as an example. The results show that a magnetic field that is less than 1010 T has little effect on the electron chemical potential and β decay rates, but the super-strong magnetic field that is greater than 1010 T depresses the electron chemical potential and improves the β decay rates clearly.     

Influence of super-strong magnetic field on the electron chemical potential and β decay in the stellar surroundings

In this paper, considering the quantum effect of electrons in a super-strong magnetic field, the influence of a super-strong magnetic field on the chemical potential of a non-zero temperature electron is analyzed, the rates of β decay under the super-strong magnetic field are studied, and then we compare them with the case without a magnetic field. Here, the nucleus 63Co is investigated in detail as an example. The results show that a magnetic field that is less than 1010 T has little effect on the electron chemical potential and β decay rates, but the super-strong magnetic field that is greater than 1010 T depresses the electron chemical potential and improves the β decay rates clearly.     

Interference phase of mass neutrino in Reissner-NordstrSm-de Sitter space-time

The chemical potential of electrons in a strong magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that the magnetic field has only a slight effect on electron chemical potential when B < 1011 T, but electron chemical potential will decrease greatly when B > 1011 T. The effects of a strong magnetic field on electron capture rates for 60Fe are discussed, and the result shows that the electron capture sharply decreases because of the strong magnetic field.     

Effect of strong magnetic field on chemical potential and electron capture in magnetar

The chemical potential of electrons in a strong magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that the magnetic field has only a slight effect on electron chemical potential when B 〈 10^11 T, but electron chemical potential will decrease greatly when B 〉 10^11 T. The effects of a strong magnetic field on electron capture rates for ^60Fe are discussed, and the result shows that the electron capture sharply decreases because of the strong magnetic field.     

A new brain stimulation method: Noninvasive transcranial magneto–acoustical stimulation

We investigate transcranial magneto–acoustical stimulation(TMAS) for noninvasive brain neuromodulation in vivo.TMAS as a novel technique uses an ultrasound wave to induce an electric current in the brain tissue in the static magnetic field. It has the advantage of high spatial resolution and penetration depth. The mechanism of TMAS onto a neuron is analyzed by combining the TMAS principle and Hodgkin–Huxley neuron model. The anesthetized rats are stimulated by TMAS, resulting in the local field potentials which are recorded and analyzed. The simulation results show that TMAS can induce neuronal action potential. The experimental results indicate that TMAS can not only increase the amplitude of local field potentials but also enhance the effect of focused ultrasound stimulation on the neuromodulation. In summary, TMAS can accomplish brain neuromodulation, suggesting a potentially powerful noninvasive stimulation method to interfere with brain rhythms for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.     

Model for Influences of Magnetic Fields on Intracellular Calcium Oscillations

Based on the model of the two calcium stores developed by Goldbeter, the influence of external magnetic field on the calcium concentration has been discussed. We believe that the cell membrane is a major site of interaction for extremely-low-frequency （ELF） electromagnetic fields, and the permeability of ions can be changed with the changing electromagnetic fields. It is shown that magnetic field initiates intraeellular calcium oscillation with a threshold in flux density, and that the calcium oscillations do not occur if the density of magnetic field is below the threshold. The results of theoretical calculation are consistent with that of the experiment. The intracellular free calcium concentrations of different cells exposed to the same magnetic fields are different from each other. It is indicated that the different behaviors such as oscillation, rise and invariability of calcium concentration are associated with the sort of cells.     

Dynamics of a Rydberg Hydrogen Atom in a Generalized van der Waals Potential and a Magnetic Field

The classical dynamics of a Rydberg hydrogen atom in a generalized van der Waals potential plus a magnetic field is investigated by using the Poincaré surface of section and phase space trajectories method. The dynamical character of this system depends sensitively on the magnetic field strength. The numerical calculations show that for a certain van der Waals potential, its classical dynamics is regular without the external magnetic field. However, with the addition of the external magnetic field, the dynamical property of the Rydberg hydrogen atom begins to change. With the increase of the magnetic field strength, order-chaos-order-chaos types of transition regions are observed for the hydrogen atom. As the magnetic field strength is very large, nearly all the phase space trajectories are chaotic. Under this condition, only chaotic motion appears. This is caused by the diamagnetic Zeeman effect. Our study provides a different perspective on the dynamical behavior of the Rydberg atom in the van der Waals potential and magnetic field.     

Local Magnetic Nanoparticle Delivery in Microvasculature

The transport and capture of therapeutic magnetic nanoparticles in human microvasculature is studied numerically. The nanoparticles are injected into a vascular system upstream from malignant tissue, and are captured at the tumour site with the aid of a local applied magnetic field positioned outside the body. Taking into account the dominant magnetic and fluidic forces on the particles, our study shows that the nanoparticles can be directed to and concentrated at the desired zone that is within a few centimetres from the surface of the body. In addition, influence of the particles size, average blood flow velocity and the diameter of the blood vessel on the captured efficiency are parametrically analysed.     

Decoherence Effect in An Anisotropic Two-Qubit Heisenberg XYZ Model with Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field

Taking the decoherence effect into account, the entanglement evolution of a two-qubit anisotropic Heisenberg XYZ chain in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic field is investigated. The time evolution of concurrence is studied for the initial state cos θ｜01） ＋ sin θ｜10） at zero temperature. The influences of inhomogeneous magnetic field, anisotropic parameter and decoherence on entanglement dynamic are addressed in detail, and a concurrence formula of the steady state is found. It is shown that the entanglement sudden death （ESD） and entanglement sudden birth （ESB） appear with the decoherence effect, and the stable concurrence depends on the uniform magnetic field B, anisotropic parameter △ and environment coupling strength γ, which is independent of different initial states and nonuniform magnetic field b.     

Thermal Entanglement in the Spin-S Heisenberg XYZ Model

The thermal entanglement in the spin-S Heisenberg XYZ model is studied in detail by using the entanglement measure of negativity. The effects of spin on the thermal entanglement, the threshold temperature, the critical uniform external magnetic field, the nonuniform external magnetic field and the＇, entanglement extremum are discussed, respectively. It is shown that with increasing spin, the entanglement will increase, and then decrease slowly. In addition, we find that entanglement will approach a constant Nc with the increase of DM interaction, the constant increases with the increase of spin, and both the threshold temperature Tc and critical uniform external magnetic field Bc will increase with the increasing spin. Thus high-spin system can inhibit the influence of the external environment better.     

Magnetization study of ITER-type internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting wire

Through magnetization measurement with a SQUID magnetometer the heat treatment optimization of an international thermonuclear experimental reactor （ITER）-type internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting wire has been investigated. The irreversibility temperature T^＊ （H）, which is mainly dependent on A15 phase composition, was obtained by a warming and cooling cycle at a fixed field. The hysteresis width △M（H） which reflects the flux pinning situation of the A15 phase is determined by the sweeping of magnetic field at a constant temperature. The results obtained from differently heat-treated samples show that the combination of T^＊ （H） with AM（H） measurement is very effective for optimizing the heat reaction process. The heat treatment condition of the ITER-type wire is optimized at 675℃/128 h, which results in a composition closer to stoichiometric Nb3Sn and a state with best flux pinning.     

Effect of Magnetic Field on a p-Type δ-Doped GaAs Layer

The energy levels of holes in a p-type δ-doped GaAs structure under a magnetic field are theoretically calculated within the framework of the effective mass approximation for a uniform aceeptor distribution. The electronic structure is calculated by solving the Schrodinger and Poisson equations self-consistently. The effect of the magnetic field on the potential profile changes the degree of the confinement and localization, and thus this behavior can be used to study these systems in regions of interest, without the need to grow many different samples. It is found that the heavy-hole subbands contain many more energy states than the light-hole ones; the population of the heavy-hole levels represents approximately 91 % of all the carriers without magnetic field. With increasing magnetic field the total population of the heavy-holes increases and the number of filled states changes.     

GUIDING OF PLASMA BY ELECTRIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FIELD

The relationship between the transported ion current and the cathodic arc current is determined in a vacuum arc plasma source equipped with a curved magnetic filter. Our results suggest that the outer and inner walls of the duct interact with the plasma independently. The duct magnetic field is a critical factor of the plasma output. The duct transport efficiency is to maximize at a value of bias plate voltage in the range +10 V to +20 V, and independent (within our limit of measurement) of the magnetic field strength in the duct. The plasma flux is composed of two components: a diffusion flux in the transverse direction due to particle collisions, and a drift flux due to the ion inertia. The inner wall of the magnetic duct sees only the diffusion flux while the outer wall receives both fluxes. Thus, applying a positive potential to the outer duct wall can reflect the ions and increase the output current. Our experimental data also show that biasing both sides of the duct is more effective than biasing the outer wall alone.     

Transport properties in monolayer–bilayer–monolayer graphene planar junctions

The transport study of graphene based junctions has become one of the focuses in graphene research. There are two stacking configurations for monolayer–bilayer–monolayer graphene planar junctions. One is the two monolayer graphene contacting the same side of the bilayer graphene, and the other is the two-monolayer graphene contacting the different layers of the bilayer graphene. In this paper, according to the Landauer–Büttiker formula, we study the transport properties of these two configurations. The influences of the local gate potential in each part, the bias potential in bilayer graphene,the disorder and external magnetic field on conductance are obtained. We find the conductances of the two configurations can be manipulated by all of these effects. Especially, one can distinguish the two stacking configurations by introducing the bias potential into the bilayer graphene. The strong disorder and the external magnetic field will make the two stacking configurations indistinguishable in the transport experiment.