Growth of carbon nanotubes on the novel FeCo-Al_2O_3 catalyst prepared by ultrasonic coprecipitation

FeCo-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by an ultrasonic coprecipitation (UC) method for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from catalytic decomposition of methane.Its catalytic performance was compared with that of the FeCo-Al2O3 catalyst counterparts prepared by stepwise impregnation (I) and conventional coprecipitation (C) methods,respectively.The structure and properties of the catalysts and the CNTs as produced thereon were investigated by means of XRD,XPS,TEM and N2 adsorption techniques.It was found that the catalyst prepared by the ultrasonic coprecipitation method was more active,and the yield and purity of the synthesized CNTs were promoted evidently.The XPS results revealed that there were more active components on the surface of the catalyst prepared by the ultrasonic coprecipitation method.On the other hand,N2 adsorption demonstrated that the catalyst prepared by the ultrasonic coprecipitation method conferred larger specific surface area,which was beneficial to dispersion of active components.TEM images further confirmed its higher dispersion.These factors could be responsible for its higher activity for the growth of CNTs from catalytic decomposition of methane.     

Catalytic combustion of methane over nano ZrO2-supported copper-based catalysts

The nano ZrO2-supported copper-based catalysts for methane combustion were investigated by means of N2 adsorption, TEM, XRD, H2-TPR techniques and the test of methane oxidation. Two kinds of ZrO2 were used as support, one （ZrO2-1） was obtained from the commercial ZrO2 and the other （ZrO2-2） was issued from the thermal decomposition of zirconium nitrate. It was found that the CuO/ZrO2-2 catalyst was more active than CuO/ZrO2-1. N2 adsorption, H2-TPR and XRD measurements showed that larger surface area, better reduction property, presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and higher dispersion of active component for CuO/ZrO2-2 than that of CuO/ZrO2-1. These factors could be the dominating reasons for its higher activity for methane combustion.     

V2O5/ACF催化剂低温下选择性催化还原NO的机理

将V2O5担载在活性炭纤维(ACF)上制得V2O5/ACF催化剂,并采用暂态响应实验和NH3吸附氧化实验等考察了影响V2O5/ACF催化剂上选择性催化还原(SCR)反应的关键因素.结果表明,NH3在催化剂表面的吸附是必要的,而且该吸附是一个快速过程;气相O2的存在有利于形成催化剂中所需的活性氧化态物种.NH3吸附.脱附与原位质谱相结合的实验表明,V2O5/ACF催化剂具有吸附NH3和将NH3氧化为N2H2的能力,N2H2为NH3氧化的一种中间体.     

超声改性的CuO/Al2O3-MgO催化剂结构 及其超低浓度甲烷催化燃烧性能

采用普通浸渍和超声改性的方法分别制备了CuO/Al₂O₃-MgO催化剂,用于超低浓度甲烷的催化燃烧,并利用SEM、XRD、XPS、H₂-TPR等技术对催化剂进行表征,研究了超声改性作用对催化剂的结构和性能的影响.结果表明,与普通浸渍法制备的催化剂相比,在超声改性的CuO/Al₂O₃-MgO催化剂上,甲烷的转化率得到提高,燃烧特征温度降低.随着超声时间的延长和超声功率的增加,催化剂的催化活性均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;催化剂制备的最佳超声工况为功率150 W、时间20 min.超声改性可使催化剂的比表面积和孔容积增大,表面催化活性较高的Cu⁺浓度增加,活性组分CuO由晶相向非晶相转变、分散度增大,晶粒粒径变小、分布更均匀;这使得甲烷催化燃烧的表观活化能下降、催化剂活性得到增强.     

Effect of niobium promoter on iron-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch reaction

Niobium-promoted Fe/CNTs catalysts were prepared using a wet impregnation method.Samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption,H2-TPR,TPD,XRD and TEM.The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis(FTS) was carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor at 220 ℃,1 atm and H2/CO=2 for 5 h.Addition of niobium into Fe/CNTs increased the dispersion,decreased the average size of iron oxide nanoparticles and the catalyst reducibility.Niobium-promoted Fe catalyst resulted in appreciable increase in the selectivity of C5+ hydrocarbons and suppressed methane formation.These effects were more pronounced for the 0.04%Nb/Fe/CNTs catalyst,compared to those observed from other niobium compositions.The 0.04%Nb/Fe/CNTs catalyst enhanced the C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity by a factor of 67.5% and reduced the methane selectivity by a factor of 59.2%.     

Effect of cobalt oxide on performance of Pd catalysts for lean-burn natural gas vehicles in the presence and absence of water vapor

Pd-based catalysts modified by cobalt were prepared by co-impregnation and sequential impregnation methods, and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N_2 adsorption/desorption (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method), CO-chemisorption and X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy (XPS). The activity of Pd catalysts was tested in the simulated exhaust gas from lean-burn natural gas vehicles. The effect of Co on the performance of water poisoning resistance for Pd catalysts was estimated in the simulated exhaust gas with and without the presence of water vapor. It was found that the effect of Co significantly depended on the preparation process. PdCo/La-Al_2O_3 catalyst prepared by co-impregnation exhibited better water-resistant performance. The results of XPS indicated that both CoAl_2O_4 and Co_3O_4 were present in the Pd catalysts modified by Co. For the catalyst prepared by sequential impregnation method, the ratio of CoAl_2O_4/Co_3O_4 was higher than that of the catalyst prepared by co-impregnation method. It could be concluded that Co_3O_4 played an important role in improving water-resistant performance.     

微波辅助法制备铈锆固溶体在CO低温氧化反应中的应用

采用共沉淀法并分别结合室温老化、常规加热回流和微波辅助加热回流三种不同的处理方法制备了铈锆固溶体Co0.6Zr0.4O2,并以其为载体制备了CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂.采用N2吸附、X射线衍射和H2程序升温还原等技术对Ce0.6Zr0.4O2载体和CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2催化剂的织构特性和可还原性进行了表征,另外还考察了CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2催化剂对CO低温氧化反应的催化活性.结果表明,采用微波辅助加热回流处理方法制备的CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2载体具有最大的比表面积(170.8 m2/g)和孔容(0.408 cm3/g),以其为载体所制备的CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2催化剂,其CuO具有良好的分散性和低温可还原性,在CO低温氧化反应中表现出最好的催化活性.     

La2O3对Pd/Al2O3催化蒽醌氢化制H2O2性能的影响

 采用湿浸法制备了用于蒽醌氢化制H2O2的La2O3促进的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,并考察了不同La2O3含量对催化性能的影响. 采用XRD,N2物理吸附,CO2-TPD,H2-O2滴定和电子探针等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,加入适量的La2O3能够抑制高温焙烧时Al2O3晶粒的长大,增大催化剂的比表面积,提高金属Pd的分散度,增强载体表面碱性,提高催化剂表面的Pd浓度,减小Pd层厚度,从而提高催化剂的氢化活性. 加入La2O3可使催化剂的Pd负载量由0.281%降至0.188%,而催化剂活性提高了44%.     

负载型贵金属催化剂的制备化学－载体等电点对Pd／A1_2O_3催化剂结构与催化性能的影响

本文通过化学修饰的方法改变了γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３载体等电点（ＩＥＰＳ），并用具有不同等电点的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３作载体，以（ＮＨ_４）_２ＰｄＣｌ４为活性组分前身制备了一系列Ｐｄ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂，在固定床微反色谱装置上考察了其对ＣＯ氧化的催化活性，用Ｈｉ—Ｏ_２滴定、紫外漫反射光谱（ＤＲＳ）、透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）中的能量色散谱（ＥＤＸＳ）等方法对上述催化剂进行了表征，结果表明：Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３的等电点（ＩＥＰＳ）对所得催化剂中金属分散度和浓度分布都有明显影响，ＩＥＰＳ越高。活性组分越靠近外表面，在相同担载量下，其分散度也越高。这主要是由于载体ＩＥＰＳ的改变，导致了（ＮＨ_４）_２ＰｄＣｌ_４在γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３上吸附机理的变化，并使所得催化剂对ＣＯ氧化的催化活性发生了规律性的变化。     

用于苯催化燃烧的Cu-Mn-O/Ce/γ-Al_2O_3-TiO_2催化剂

采用不同的浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂Cu-Mn-O/Ce/γ-Al2O3-TiO2,应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、低温液氮吸附(BET)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征。在200～500℃考察了催化剂催化燃烧较高浓度的苯(体积分数为3.6%)反应中的催化性能。结果表明,15%CuMn2Ox/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂(CuMn2Ox质量分数为15%)在300℃苯的转化率达到79%,其低温催化活性明显高于单独负载氧化铜或氧化锰的催化剂。而采用共浸渍法制备的催化剂15%CuMn2Ox-15%CeO2/Al2O3-TiO2在300℃苯的转化率达81%,其催化活性明显高于分步浸渍法制备的催化剂。CeO2的添加更利于提高共浸渍法制备的催化剂中各活性组分的分散度和相互作用。     

CeZrYLaO对Fe基整体式稀薄甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了高性能低铈储氧材料Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95(OSM,储氧材料)和胶溶法制备了耐高温、高比表面的La-Al₂O₃并以它们为载体,制备了一系列整体式铁基催化剂。考察了该系列催化剂对甲烷稀薄燃烧的催化性能,并用低温N₂吸附-脱附,储氧能力(oxygen storage capacity,OSC),XRD,XPS和H₂-TPR等测试手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征。活性测试结果表明所制得的整体式催化剂Fe/OSM+La-Al₂O₃可在50 000 h^-1的高空速条件下使含量为1%的甲烷在474 ℃起燃,565 ℃完全转化;低温氮吸附-脱附测试结果表明,所制得的Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达33 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.14 mL·g^-1;La-Al₂O₃经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达125 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.46 mL·g^-1,是优良的催化剂载体;OSC测试结果表明,加入储氧材料(oxygen storage material(OSM))能增加催化剂的储氧性能,有利于催化活性的提高;XRD测试结果表明,OSM以均一固溶体存在;XPS测试结果表明,Fe₂O₃与OSM载体之间的相互作用最强;H₂-TPR测试结果表明,加入OSM能增加催化剂的还原性能,从而提高了催化活性。     

浸渍溶液pH值对Co/TiO2催化剂F-T反应性能的影响

Fischer—Tropsch合成（简称F—T合成）是煤和天然气转化制取液体燃料的重要途径,催化剂的研制与开发是该过程实现工业化的关键步骤。钻基催化剂以其较高的加氢反应活性、较高的长链烃选择性和较低的水煤气变换活性而成为F—T合成中最有前途的催化体系之一。钴基催化剂的制备通常采用浸渍法。除了能够提高催化剂的比表面积和分散度,载体可以与金属发生相互作用而改变活性金属组分的结构组成、电子状态等,从而影响催化剂的催化反应性能。TiO2作为F—T合成的载体近年来受到普遍的关注。文献[7,8]是针对TiO2载体的低表面有针对性地添加无机氧化物黏接剂,提高金属钴的负载量,从而改进催化剂的反应性能;或者是添加助剂及第二金属组分以提高催化剂分散与还原性能。本文通过调节浸渍液pH值控制钻钛的相互作用并与催化剂反应性能关联,以期为催化剂制备条件的选择提供参考。     

新型WO3/HMS催化剂的制备及其对环戊烯选择氧化反应的催化性能

 采用草酸络合方法将WO3固载到六方介孔全硅分子筛HMS上,制得新型WO3/HMS非均相催化剂. 利用SEM,TEM,N2吸附,XRD及激光拉曼光谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征,研究了催化剂在环戊烯选择性氧化合成戊二醛反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,在WO3/HMS催化下环戊烯和H2O2的转化率均可达100%,戊二醛的选择性可达72%. WO3以高分散状态存在于催化剂表面. 单次反应后钨的溶脱量(5.5 μg/ml)很小,对反应几乎没有影响. 催化剂具有较高的稳定性,可以重复套用6次. 失活后的催化剂可通过简单焙烧的方式再生.     

助剂铬对Ni/MgO催化剂CVD法制备碳纳米管的促进作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了助剂Cr改性的Ni/MgO催化剂, 用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在600 ℃下裂解甲烷生长碳纳米管, 研究了助剂Cr的引入对催化剂微结构和制备碳纳米管性能的影响. 催化剂样品用XRD, TPR和CO-TPD进行了分析, 制备的碳纳米管用TEM和XRD进行了表征. 实验结果表明, NiO和MgO之间存在着强相互作用而形成固溶体, Ni/MgO催化剂经氢气处理后其中的镍氧化物只有极少部分被还原成为镍. 助剂铬的引入明显促进了镍的还原, 使得催化剂表面的Ni活性中心数增多, 从而使催化剂的活性和性能得到了明显的改进. 在加入助剂后碳纳米管的产率明显增加, 当Cr质量分数为8%时, 碳纳米管的产量为未加助剂时产量的5倍, 碳纳米管和催化剂的质量比达到1928. 当Cr含量进一步增加时, Ni在催剂表面聚集形成大颗粒, 制备出的产品中含有大量的碳纳米纤维和无定形碳. 以8%Cr-Ni/MgO催化剂合成的碳纳米管具有比较高的产率且质量较好.     

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas catalyzed by a nickel nanowire catalyst

A nickel nanowire catalyst was prepared by a hard template method,and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),N2 physical adsorption,X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR).The catalytic properties of the nanowire catalyst in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas were compared with a metallic Ni catalyst which was prepared with nickel sponge.The characterization results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high specific surface area and there was more NiO phase in the nickel nanowire catalyst than in the metallic Ni catalyst.The reaction results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high CH4 conversion and selectivities for H2 and CO under low space velocity.     

预处理条件对Pt/Al2O3催化还原NO的活性影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3载体,浸渍法制备质量分数为0.5%的Pt/Al2O3催化剂.研究焙烧气氛和温度对选择性催化还原NO反应活性和Pt价态的影响.结果表明,H2焙烧的活性温度区间最宽,随着焙烧温度的升高,温度区间变化很小,523K下O2焙烧的催化剂活性最好,且活性区间向高温方向移动.活性现象用程序升温脱附实验(NO-TPD,NO-O2-TPD)进行了解释.XPS研究表明,523K下O2用焙烧Pt的主要价态是Pt2+,而523K下H2和N2焙烧Pt的主要价态为Pt0.     

CO selective methanation in hydrogen-rich gas mixtures over carbon nanotube supported Ru-based catalysts

Series of carbon nanotube supported Ru-based catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and applied successfully for complete removal of CO by CO selective methanation from H2-rich gas stream conducted in a fixed-bed quartz tubular reactor at ambient pressure.It was found that the metal promoter,reduction temperature and metal loading affected the catalytic properties significantly.The most excellent performance was presented by 30 wt% Ru-Zr/CNTs catalyst reduced at 350℃.Since it decreased CO concentration to below 10ppm from 12000ppm by CO selective methanation at the temperature range of 180-240℃,and kept CO selectivity higher than 85% at the temperature below 200℃.Characterization using XRD,TEM,H2-TPR and XPS suggests that Zr modification of Ru/CNTs results in the weakening of the interaction between Ru and CNTs,a higher Ru dispersion and the oxidization of surface Ru.Amorphous and high dispersed Ru particles with small size were obtained for 30 wt% Ru-Zr/CNTs catalyst reduced at 350℃,leading to excellent catalytic performance in CO selective methanation.     

液相还原Ru/CNTs催化氨分解性能研究

近年来各国对环境保护日益关注,为了减少甚至消除汽车、小型发电站等带来的污染,供给质子膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的现场制氢技术的研究受到关注.     

柠檬酸盐凝胶法制备纳米CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2的工艺分析及CO_2加氢制甲醇的性能

采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法制备出纳米CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2(CZZ)催化剂,应用XPS、BET、XRD、H_2-TPR、H_2-TPD、CO_2-TPD和TG-DTA等检测手段对催化剂及前驱体的结构进行表征。研究了湿凝胶干燥时间和柠檬酸用量对催化剂结构的影响,并与燃烧法制得的催化剂进行对比,考察了不同催化剂CO_2加氢制甲醇的性能。研究表明,延长湿凝胶干燥时间可有效防止催化剂焙烧时发生喷溅,有利于催化剂中各组分的分散,提高催化剂对H_2和CO_2的吸附能力;112℃干燥48h制得的催化剂(CZZ-48h)BET比表面积为43.5m~2/g,高于燃烧法;柠檬酸用量等于化学计量比时催化剂的性能最佳,在240℃、2.6MPa、空速为3600h-1、H_2/CO_2(体积比)为3的条件下甲醇时空收率达109.4g/(kg·h);柠檬酸过量会影响催化剂组分的分散度,并造成分解残留覆盖催化剂表面活性位而不利于CO_2加氢反应。     

Preparation of novel Ni-Ir/r-Al2O3 catalyst via high-frequency cold plasma direct reduction process

The novel Ni-Ir/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by high-frequency cold plasma direct reduction method (NIA-P) under ambient conditions without thermal treatment, and the conventional sample was prepared by impregnation, thermal calcination, and then by H2 reduction method (NIA-CR). The effects of reduction methods on catalysts for ammonia decomposition were studied, and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, XPS, and H2-TPD. It was found that the plasma-reduced NIA-P sample showed a better catalytic performance, over which ammonia conversion was 68.9%, at T = 450 ℃, P = 1 atm, and GHSV = 30, 000 h−1. It was 31.7% higher than that of the conventional NIA-CR sample. XRD results showed that the crystallite size decreased for the sample with plasma reduction, and the dispersion of active components was improved. There were more active components on the surface of the NIA-P sample from the XPS results. This effect resulted in the higher activity for decomposition of ammonia. Meanwhile, the plasma process significantly decreased the time of preparing catalyst.