自旋霍尔效应电信号的直接探测

一块长方形的金属板置于磁场中，磁场的方向（z方向）垂直于板面，在板的纵向（x方向）通入电流，则在板的横向（y方向）可检测到霍尔电压。1879年，Edwin Hall发现了上述正负电荷非平衡聚积的现象，后来被命名为霍尔效应。100年后，1980年和1982年，von Klitzing和崔琦等利用二维电子气作为样品，在高场下分别发现了整数量子霍尔效应和分数量子霍尔效应，并先后获得诺贝尔物理学奖。最近，来自哈佛大学物理系的Tinkham等在Nature剧刊撰文，报告了他们用电学方法在探测自旋霍尔效应的实验中所取得的进展。     

二维电子系统中磁场与微波辐照感应的“零电阻”态

受限于两种半导体界面之中的电子形成所谓二维电子气．二十几年来，半导体技术的发展促进了高纯二维电子气样品的制备，从而为固态物理的研究提供了广阔的空间。1980年和1982年的诺贝尔物理学奖分别被授予整数量子霍尔效应和分数量子霍尔效应的研究者，相关的实验都是针对二维电子气在磁场下的输运行为。     

从反常霍尔效应到量子反常霍尔效应

 美国物理学家霍尔 (Edwin H.Hall) 在1879 年发现,当电流垂直于外磁场通过导体时,在导体的垂直于磁场和电流方向的两个边界之间会出现电势差(图1)。这个现象被称作霍尔效应。在当时要理解这一重要的现象还非常困难,因为电子的概念在18年后才被提出来。     

石墨烯中的Berry几何相

用量子绝热定理推导石墨烯中的Berry几何相,结果发现,由于石墨烯特有的基态能级特性,使其出现了π的几何相,这是引起反常量子霍尔效应最根本的原因。     

直线感应加速器中聚束磁场的数值计算方法

为了准确模拟出直线感应加速器中聚束磁场的值,首先利用单积分法计算出理想情况下的聚束磁场的值,再进一步用磁路分析的方法考虑直线感应加速器的加速腔中匀场环对聚束磁场的影响,然后推导出一组偏离角度与磁场分量相关的公式。将最终得到的聚束磁场分量与直线感应加速器模型结合起来,采用粒子模拟的方法来模拟电子束在加速段中的输运过程,并对结果加以分析。     

MWECR CVD等离子体系统梯度磁场对沉积a-Si:H薄膜特性研究

分别研究了磁场线圈电流为115.2和137.7A以及137.7A并在加热台下加放SmCo永磁体的方法，来改变单磁场线圈分散场MWECR CVD系统等离子体室及沉积室磁场形貌.用洛伦兹拟合定量地得到了三种磁场形貌的磁场梯度.研究了磁场梯度对沉积a-Si:H薄膜性能的影响.研究表明：在衬底附近，高的磁场梯度可以获得高的沉积速率；在温度不很高时，高的磁场梯度可得到光敏性较好的a-Si:H薄膜. 关键词： 梯度磁场 洛伦兹拟合 a-Si:H薄膜 MWECR CVD系统     

磁场逐渐增强的摇摆器

研究了用磁场增强摇摆器来提高自由电子激光器效率的机制．采用KMR方程，考虑空间电荷效应，模拟计算发现自由电子激光器的效率有了很大的提高，而且电子束能散度越大，对提高自由电子激光器效率越有帮助．因此采用磁场增强摇摆器能充分利用加速器的能量来莸得更高的自由电子激光器能量 关键词：     

磁光玻璃光纤的偏振特性及其在全光纤电流传感器中的应用

在磁光玻璃裸光纤偏振特性研究的基础上，研制磁光玻璃光纤，偏振特性及其在全光纤电流传感器中的应用。将采用模管法拉制成的磁光玻璃光纤置于亥姆霍兹线圈产生的磁场中，当线偏振光通过该光纤时，其偏振面旋转一定角度，把该角度转换成光信号的强度，然后再用仪器进行检测。通过对线偏振光偏振面在磁场中的偏振特性的测试与实验，提出用磁光玻璃光纤构成的全光纤电流传感器，可用于电流和磁场测试。     

调制掺杂GaAs/AlGaAs 2DEG材料持久光电导及子带电子特性研究

在掺Si的GaAs/AlGaAs二维电子气(2DEG)结构中，得到μ_2K=1.78×10^{6cm2/(V·s)的高迁移率.在低温(2K)和高磁场(6T)的条件下，对样品进行红 光辐照，观察到持久光电导(PPC)效应，电子浓度在光照后显著增加.通过整数量子霍尔效应 (IQHE)和Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH)振荡的测量，研究了2DEG的子带电子特性.样品在低温光 照后2DEG中第一子带和第二子带的电子浓度同时随电子总浓度的增加而增加；而且电子迁移 率也明显提高.同时，通过整数霍尔平台的宽度对光照前后电子的量子寿命变短现象作了理 论分析. 关键词： 二维电子气 量子霍尔效应 SdH振荡 持久光电导效应}     

低速度零散会切电子枪的设计和数值仿真

根据拉格朗日方程对电子在平滑会切磁场中的径向波动与速度零散的关系进行讨论。运用Matlab,Magic软件相互结合的方法设计电子枪结构和磁场。用Matlab程序模拟单电子在给定电场、磁场中的运动,分析了单电子径向速度对零散的影响,并优化磁场分布。设计的磁场可以有效地减小单电子束径向速度,降低电子束速度零散。用Magic软件对电流为1 A、能量为30 keV的电子束在优化磁场中的运动进行仿真,得到的电子束速度比约为2,速度零散小于2.5%,轴向速度零散小于8.5%。     

量子霍尔效应

从经典的霍尔效应开始,比较系统地、深入浅出地介绍了量子霍尔效应及其所涉及的一些新概念和实际应用。     

量子霍尔效应的发展历程

量子霍尔效应的发现是新兴的低维凝聚态物理发展中的一件大事,分数量子霍尔效应的发现更是开创了一个研究多体现象的新时代,并将影响到物理学的很多分支,这个领域两次被授予诺贝尔物理奖,引起了人们很大的兴趣,文章介绍了量子霍尔效应发展的历程,主要内容包括１８９７年霍尔发现霍尔效应、１９８０年Ｋｌａｕｓ ｖｏｎ Ｋｌｉｔｚｉｎｇ发现整数量子霍尔效应、１９８２年崔琦和Ｈｏｒｓｔ Ｌ．Ｓｔｏｒｍｅｒ发现分数量子霍     

Edge state propagation direction in the fractional quantum Hall regime: multi-terminal magnetocapacitance experiment

The propagation direction of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) edge states has been investigated experimentally via the symmetry properties of the multi-terminal capacitances of a two-dimensional electron gas. Although strong asymmetries with respect to zero magnetic field appear, no asymmetries with respect to even denominator Landau level filling factor ν are seen. This indicates that current-carrying FQHE edge states propagate in the same direction as integer QHE edge states. In addition, anomalous capacitance features, indicative of enhanced bulk conduction, are observed at and .     

Current breakdown of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects detected by torque magnetometry

We have developed a novel technique that enables measurements of the breakdown of both the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects in a two-dimensional electron system without the need to contact the sample. The critical Hall electric fields that we measure are significantly higher than those reported by other workers, and support the quasi-elastic inter-Landau-level tunnelling model of breakdown. Comparison of the fractional quantum Hall effect results with those obtained on the integer quantum Hall effect allows the fractional quantum Hall effect energy gap to be determined and provides a test of the composite-fermion theory. The temperature dependence of the critical current gives an insight into the mechanism by which momentum may be conserved during the breakdown process.     

Effect of electron screening on the photoluminescence in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells

Magneto-photoluminescence of one-side-doped GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well is measured. Dependence of the spectra on the well width revealed that the long range screening effect of two-dimensional electrons on a free hole plays an important role in the process of recombination.     

The pauli principle for a quantum theory on T with magnetic field

We discuss the reducible representation of n particles on a torus with magnetic field, where the gauge automorphisms are unitarily implementable. This representation is of type II_∞, if B is not integer. We show that there is a natural splitting into I_∞ ⊗ II₁ such that the Pauli exclusion principle acts only in the first factor. Under this condition we estimate the ground state energy for several particles and show that in the thermodynamic limit we obtain the correct result.     

The robustness of the quantum spin Hall effect to the thickness fluctuation in HgTe quantum wells

The quantum spin Hall effect(QSHE) was first realized in HgTe quantum wells(QWs),which remain the only known two-dimensional topological insulator so far.In this paper,we have systematically studied the effect of the thickness fluctuation of HgTe QWs on the QSHE.We start with the case of constant mass with random distributions,and reveal that the disordered system can be well described by a virtual uniform QW with an effective mass when the number of components is small.When the number is infinite and corresponds to the real fluctuation,we find that the QSHE is not only robust,but also can be generated by relatively strong fluctuation.Our results imply that the thickness fluctuation does not cause backscattering,and the QSHE is robust to it.     

From magnetically doped topological insulator to the quantum anomalous Hall effect

Quantum Hall effect （QHE）, as a class of quantum phenomena that occur in macroscopic scale, is one of the most important topics in condensed matter physics. It has long been expected that QHE may occur without Landau levels so that neither external magnetic field nor high sample mobility is required for its study and application, Such a QHE free of Landau levels, can appear in topological insulators （TIs） with ferromagnetism as the quantized version of the anomalous Hall effect, i.e., quantum anomalous Hall （QAH） effect. Here we review our recent work on experimental realization of the QAH effect in magnetically doped TIs. With molecular beam epitaxy, we prepare thin films of Cr-doped （Bi,Sb）2Te3 TIs with well- controlled chemical potential and long-range ferromagnetic order that can survive the insulating phase. In such thin films, we eventually observed the quantization of the Hall resistance at h/e2 at zero field, accompanied by a considerable drop in the longitudinal resistance. Under a strong magnetic field, the longitudinal resistance vanishes, whereas the Hall resistance remains at the quantized value. The realization of the QAH effect provides a foundation for many other novel quantum phenomena predicted in TIs, and opens a route to practical applications of quantum Hall physics in low-power-consumption electronics.     

The Microscopic Model of Composite Fermion-Type Excitations for υ = l/m Edge States

We derive a microscopic theory of the composite fermion-type quasiparticles describing the low-lying edge excitations in the fractional quantdm Hall liquid with υ = 1/m. Using the composite fermion transformation, one finds that the edge states of the system in a disc sample are described by the Calogero-Sutherland-like model (CSLM) in the one-dimensional limit. This result presents the consistency between one-dimensional and two-dimensional statistics. It is shown that the low-lying excitations, indeed, have the chiral Luttinger liquid behaviors because there is a gap between the right-and left-moving excitations of the CSLM.