锰掺杂硒硫化镉光阳极的制备与光电性能

将适量Se加入到Na2S甲醇水溶液中反应生成Na₂SSe₂阴离子前驱体, 以Cd(NO₃)2、Mn(CH3COO)2为阳离子前驱体, 通过连续离子层吸附反应(SILAR)分别制备出CdSSe₂/TiO₂或 MN²⁺掺杂的Mn-CdSSe₂/TiO₂量子点敏化光阳极。采用拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和能量色散X射线能谱分析确定阴离子前驱体和量子点的价键结构和组成;通过紫外可见吸光光谱表征量子点的光吸收性能;利用J-V曲线和IPCE分别对CdS、CdSSe₂和Mn-CdSSe₂量子点敏化的TiO₂光阳极的光电性能进行了表征。实验结果表明, 采用 0.12 mol·L^-1 Se和0.5 mol·L^-1 Na2S制备的阴离子前驱体、0. 5 mol·L^-1 Cd²⁺和 0.3 mol·L^-1 MN²⁺阳离子前驱体, 通过SILAR法制备的Mn-CdSSe₂/TiO₂光阳极, 能量转换效率比CdSSe₂/TiO₂和CdS/TiO₂光阳极分别提高了90%和247%。     

硫化亚铜对电极在量子点敏化太阳电池中的应用

报道了一种基于硫族金属复合物N₄H₉Cu₇S₄前驱体溶液制备硫化亚铜对电极的新方法. 分别制备了TiO₂纳米颗粒多孔薄膜和TiO₂纳米棒阵列结构的光阳极, 并在此基础上研究了基于硫化亚铜对电极的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池的光电性能, 同时结合电化学阻抗技术考察了硫化亚铜对电极的催化性能. 结果表明: 与铂电极相比, 本方法制备的硫化亚铜电极对多硫电解质具有更高的催化活性, 所组装的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池具有更优的光伏性能.     

CdTe/CdS共敏化TiO2电极材料的制备与光电性能

将电沉积法和化学浴沉积法结合,分别将CdTe和CdS量子点纳米晶材料引入到TiO₂纳米管阵列上制备CdTe/CdS量子点共敏化TiO₂光电极。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和X射线能量色散光谱等测试手段对所得样品的形貌、晶型和组分进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射条件下,通过电化学工作站测试其光电化学性能。研究结果表明,相对于单一量子点敏化CdS/TiO₂和CdTe/TiO₂光电极而言,共敏化CdTe/CdS/TiO₂光电极表现出更好的光电转化性能,短路电流密度和光电转换效率分别可以达到3.1 mA·cm^-2和1.85%。此外,采用电化学阻抗测试技术对材料性能提升的原因进行深入的探究。     

电解液成分、厚度及表面改性对旋涂法制备的BiVO4膜层光电化学性能的影响

采用旋涂法在FTO（SnO₂∶F）导电玻璃衬底上沉积得到BiVO₄多孔薄膜用以光解水,改变前驱体的浓度和旋涂次数以调控薄膜的厚度。研究了电解液成分、膜层厚度及表面改性等因素对刚经历过退火处理的BiVO₄薄膜光电化学（PEC）性能的影响。结果表明：通过在电解液中添加适量的空穴吞噬剂Na₂SO₃,或对表面进行Co-Pi改性均能有效改善BiVO₄薄膜的PEC活性。这些措施均能有效抑制固液界面处的载流子复合反应。经Co-Pi改性的BiVO₄薄膜在0.6 V（vs SCE）偏压下,0.1 mol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄+0.1 mol·L^-1 Na₂SO₃的电解液中展现出最高的光电流密度（4.3 mA·cm^-2）。此外,选用一个代表性BiVO₄薄膜作为光阳极制备了一个PEC生物传感器,在检测谷胱甘肽（GSH）上表现出比较高的灵敏度。本研究证实了BiVO₄薄膜的PEC性能严重依赖着光俘获效率和载流子输运过程。     

石墨烯助剂与Ni(Ⅱ)活性位点协同增强TiO2制氢性能

采用水热法和低温浸渍法制备了电子助剂还原石墨烯(rGO)和界面活性位点Ni(Ⅱ)共修饰的高效TiO₂光催化剂(简称Ni(Ⅱ)/TiO₂-rGO)。制氢性能测试结果表明：相比于TiO₂和单独还原石墨烯复合的TiO₂,经还原石墨烯与Ni(Ⅱ)协同修饰后的TiO₂表现出更高的光催化制氢性能。其中,Ni(Ⅱ)/TiO₂-rGO(0.1 mol·L^-1)具有最高制氢性能,制氢速率达到77.0 μmol·h^-1,分别是TiO₂(16.4 μmol·h^-1)和TiO₂-rGO(28.0 μmol·h^-1)的4.70倍和2.75倍。还原石墨烯助剂与Ni(Ⅱ)活性位点协同增强制氢性能的原理是：还原石墨烯作为电子助剂可以快速捕获和传输电子,Ni(Ⅱ)作为界面活性位点可以从溶液中捕获H⁺,提高界面反应速率,2种助剂协同作用加快了TiO₂上的光生电子-空穴对的有效分离。     

TiO2纳米管双室光电化学池光催化制氢的研究

以阳极氧化法在纯钛表面制备了高度有序的TiO₂纳米管阵列,并通过SEM观察其表面形貌。采用双室光电化学池制氢体系,利用太阳光照TiO₂产生的光电压与双室电解液pH差产生的化学偏压的协同效应,不施加外加电压,可直接在阴极室还原制取氢气。通过在碱性电解液中添加乙二醇为电子给体,将光解水制氢与有机物的降解耦合为一体,提高太阳能的利用率,同时考察了阳极室电解液中添加不同含量乙二醇对TiO₂纳米管光阳级的光电化学性能及产氢量的影响。实验结果表明,乙二醇的添加降低了光生电子-空穴对的复合几率,使TiO₂纳米管的光电流、光电压、产氢量得到显著提高。当添加乙二醇的浓度为10vol%时光电流达到13.7mA·cm^-2,无外加电压条件下,双室光电化学池中的产氢速率最高达到3.8μmol·min^-1·cm^-2。     

Bi2S3/CdSe共修饰TiO2纳米管膜的构建及其光电化学阴极保护效应

为获得良好光电化学性能的TiO₂半导体复合膜,采用Bi₂S₃和CdSe对TiO₂纳米管膜进行共修饰。以阳极氧化法在Ti表面先制备TiO₂纳米管膜,再通过恒电流电沉积和连续离子层吸附反应在纳米管表面依次沉积CdSe和Bi₂S₃,构建了具有级联能带结构的Bi₂S₃/CdSe共修饰的TiO₂纳米管复合膜。结果表明,Bi₂S₃/CdSe/TiO₂纳米管复合膜对可见光吸收显著增强,光电化学性能大幅度提高。白光照射下,复合膜的光电流密度为670 μA·cm^-2,达到了纯TiO₂纳米管膜的17.6倍。Bi₂S₃/CdSe/TiO₂复合膜作为光阳极可使0.5 mol·L^-1 NaCl溶液中的403不锈钢的电位相对于腐蚀电位下降690 mV,显示出良好的光电化学阴极保护效应。     

双阳离子体系高通量丝光沸石膜的合成及其乙酸脱水应用

采用多种表征技术详细研究了碱金属阳离子对丝光沸石分子筛膜生长和渗透汽化性能的影响。结果表明,Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺和Cs⁺以及Na⁺-Li⁺、Na⁺-K⁺和Na⁺-Cs⁺的不同离子组合对丝光沸石分子筛膜的形貌和性能有很大影响。研究发现,碱金属阳离子通过促进硅在初始凝胶中的溶解,在硅铝酸盐的重排过程中起到结构导向作用,进而起到构筑丝光沸石晶体骨架结构的作用。Na⁺对丝光沸石晶体的结晶有明显的促进作用,而Li⁺、K⁺和Cs⁺在相同的结晶时间内表现出较慢的结晶速率。在合成凝胶中用K⁺代替少量Na⁺可以显著改善膜表面的亲水性。特别是合成凝胶中Na⁺/K⁺比（n_Na⁺/n_K⁺）为2时,形成了更致密、更亲水的丝光沸石分子筛膜,显示出更高的渗透汽化性能。对于90℃下HAc质量分数为90%的HAc/H₂O混合物的分离,该膜显示出2.67 kg·m^-2·h^-1的高渗透通量和约为4 000的分离因子。此外,最优条件下合成的丝光沸石分子筛膜在90℃下长达240 h渗透汽化分离90%的HAc/H₂O混合物依然显示优越的酸稳定性。     

一个对2,4,6-三硝基苯酚和Fe3+离子具有双重荧光传感行为的层状镉(Ⅱ)-有机配位聚合物

通过水热法合成了一个由三连接的2,3-喹啉二甲酸桥联扭曲的Cd²⁺八面体形成的二维层状配位聚合物[Cd（QDA）]_n（1）。该配合物发射出较强的蓝色荧光并具有很高的热稳定性和化学稳定性。更为重要的是,该配合物在乙醇分散体系中可快速识别痕量的2,4,6-三硝基苯酚和Fe³⁺离子,其对2,4,6-三硝基苯酚的淬灭常数（K_sv）和检测限（LOD）分别为6.61×10⁴ L·mol^-1和0.83 μmol·L^-1,对Fe³⁺离子的淬灭常数和检测限分别为1.74×10⁴ L·mol^-1和2.70 μmol·L^-1。     

以乙二醇为电子给体在CuO/TiO2上光催化分解水制氢

采用浸渍、热分解的方法在TiO₂纳米颗粒上负载CuO制备得到光催化剂CuO/TiO₂。研究了以乙二醇为电子给体,在CuO/TiO₂上光催化分解水制氢的反应过程。重点分析考察了影响光催化产氢速率的因素如CuO的负载量、反应时间、光催化剂用量、乙二醇初始浓度等,同时对光催化制氢的反应机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,氙灯光源模拟太阳光下最佳产氢速率达到604.5μmol·h^-1·g^-1;CuO/TiO₂催化剂改善了光吸收性能、减少了光生载流子的复合速率,CuO可以起到传输电子的作用;乙二醇为电子给体很可能经过羟基乙醛进一步被氧化。     

水系混合离子全电池LiMn2O4//NaTi2(PO4)3

分别以LiMn_2O_4,NaTi_2(PO_4)_3为正负极,1 mol·L~(-1) Li_2SO_4和0.5 mol·L~(-1) Na_2SO_4的混合水溶液为电解液组装成一种水系混合离子全电池。分别将正负极材料在3种不同水相电解液(1 mol·L~(-1) Li_2SO_4、0.5 mol·L~(-1)Na_2SO_4以及1 mol·L~(-1) Li_2SO_4+0.5 mol·L~(-1)Na_2SO_4混合电解液)中进行循环伏安和恒流充放电测试,结果发现,LiMn_2O_4在上述电解液中仅有Li~+的脱出/嵌入而Na~+由于半径较大而不参与该过程,NaTi_2(PO_4)_3在3种电解液中Li+、Na+均参与嵌入/脱嵌过程,且Li~+和Na~+的嵌入/脱出峰电位相差不大,分别为-0.82和-0.64 V,-0.95和-0.75 V;全电池在265 mA·g~(-1)电流密度下平均放电电压为1.55 V,充放电比容量分别为100.1和74.9 m Ah·g~(-1)。     

Quantum dots co-sensitized solar cells: a new assembly process of CdS/CdSe linked to mesoscopic TiO2-nano-SiO2 hybrid film

A green and simple method was found to prepare CdS/CdSe co-sensitized photoelectrodes for the quantum dots sensitized solar cells application. All the assembly processes of CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were carried out in aqueous solution. CdS and CdSe QDs were sequentially assembled onto TiO₂-nano-SiO₂ hybrid film by two steps. Firstly, CdS QDs were deposited in situ over TiO₂-nano-SiO₂ hybrid film by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process in water. Secondly, using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) as a linker molecule, the pre-prepared colloidal CdSe QDs (~3.0 nm) dissolved in water was linked onto the TiO₂-nano-SiO₂ hybrid film by the self-assembled monolayer technique with the mode of dropwise. The mode is simple and advantageous to saving materials and time. The results show that the photovoltaic performance of the cells is enhanced with the increase of SILAR cycles for TiO₂-nano-SiO₂/CdS photoelectrode. The power conversion efficiency of 2.15 % was achieved using the co-sensitization photoelectrode prepared by using 6 SILAR cycles of CdS plus CdSe (TiO₂-nano-SiO₂/CdS(6)/CdSe) under the illumination of one sun (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm²).     

Light conversion efficiency of flower like structure TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin film solar cells

Flower like structure TiO₂ thin films have been grown onto ITO coated glass substrates by sol–gel method. TiO₂ nano flowers have been sensitized using CdS quantum dots prepared using simple precursors by chemical method. The assembly of CdS quantum dots with TiO₂ nano flower has been used as photo-electrode in quantum dot sensitized solar cells. The surface morphology has been studied using scanning electron microscope; it shows that the film exhibits flower like structure. The absorption spectra reveals that the absorption edge of CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO₂ nano flower shifts towards longer wavelength side when compared to the absorption edge of TiO₂ nano flower. The efficiency of the fabricated CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO₂ nano flower based solar cell is 0.66%.     

氨基酚异构体的离子对反相液相色谱分析的研究

本文研究了离子对反相液相色谱分析氨基酚异构体的可能性、影响因素和色谱条件,发现以含4×10^-8mol/L四丁基碘化铵、0.184mol/L醋酸钠的甲醇水溶液(23:77)作为流动相,ODS为固定相时可以实现氨基酚异构体的良好分离.     

氨基酚异构体的离子对反相液相色谱分析的研究

本文研究了离子对反相液相色谱分析氨基酚异构体的可能性、影响因素和色谱条件，发现以含４×１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基碘化铵、０．１８４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸钠的甲醇水溶液（２３：７７）作为流动相，ＯＤＳ为固定相时可以实现氨基酚异构体的良好分离。     

CdSe Quantum Dots and N719‐Dye Decorated Hierarchical TiO2 Nanorods for the Construction of Efficient Co‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Three‐dimensional hierarchical TiO₂ nanorods (HTNs) decorated with the N719 dye and 3‐mercaptopropionic or oleic acid capped CdSe quantum dots (QDs) in photoanodes for the construction of TiO₂ nanorod‐based efficient co‐sensitized solar cells are reported. These HTN co‐sensitized solar cells showed a maximum power‐conversion efficiency of 3.93 %, and a higher open‐circuit voltage and fill factor for the photoanode with 3‐mercaptopropionic acid capped CdSe QDs due to the strong electronic interactions between CdSe QDs, N719 dye and HTNs, and the superior light‐harvesting features of the HTNs. An electrochemical impedance analysis indicated that the superior charge‐collection efficiency and electron diffusion length of the CdSe QD‐coated HTNs improved the photovoltaic performance of these HTN co‐sensitized solar cells.     

The Influence of Dopant Concentration on Optical-Electrical Features of Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell

In this study, TiO₂/CdS/Cd_xCu_1−xSe, TiO₂/CdS/Cd_xMn_1−xSe, and TiO₂/CdS/Cd_xAg_2−2xSe thin films were synthesized by chemical bath deposition for the fabrication of photoanode in quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. As a result, the structural properties of the thin films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the zinc Blende structure in the samples. The optical films were researched by their experimental absorption spectra with different doping concentrations. Those results were combined with the Tauc correlation to estimate the absorption density, the band gap energy, valence band and conduction band positions, steepness parameter, and electron–phonon interaction. Furthermore, the electrical features, electrochemical impedance spectrum and photocurrent density curves were carried out. The result was used to explain the enhancing performance efficiency.     

Corrosion and Anodic Behaviors of Pure Aluminum in a Novel Alkaline Electrolyte

The corrosion and anodic dissolution behaviors of pure aluminum in Na₂SnO₃-containing 4 mol·L⁻¹ KOH methanol-water mixed solutions with a methanol/water volume ratio of 4:1 were investigated. This was carried out by means of hydrogen collection, polarization curve, galvanostatic discharge, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX). The experimental results indicated that the addition of stannate inhibited the corrosion of aluminum in the 4 mol·L⁻¹ KOH methanol-water solutions by the deposition of tin with a higher hydrogen evolution overpotential on the electrode surface. In the electrolytes with higher stannate contents the inhibiting effect decreased because of the occurrence of some cracks on the tin deposition film. The results of galvanostatic discharge showed that the discharge of aluminum in the Na₂SnO₃-containing 4 mol·L⁻¹ KOH methanol-water solutions were obviously improved. In addition, the improvement effect enhanced with the increase of stannate content. It was noted that the aluminum anode showed a very flat discharge plateau at relatively low potentials in the electrolyte with 10.0 mmol·L⁻¹ Na₂SnO₃ at 20 mA·cm⁻² discharge current density.