2-丁基-四氢噻吩亚砜13C-NMR的理论研究

在RHF/6-31G和B3LYP/6-31G水平上对顺式(Cis-)与反式(Trans-)2-丁基-四氢噻吩亚砜(BTHTO)进行几何优化,应用规范不变原子轨道法(GIAO)在6-31G、6-31+G、6-31++G和6-31+G(2d,p)水平上计算了Cis-和Trans-BTHTO的13C-NMR,对13C-NMR谱进行了归属。结果表明,BTHTO噻吩五元环的稳定构象呈半椅式,Cis-和Trans-BTHTO中与硫原子直接碳原子13C-NMR的显著差异主要是由于空间构型不同引起分子的静电势场对相应碳原子的屏蔽作用不同所致。     

木瓜蛋白酶的量子化学研究——1.肽基和各种类型氨基酸侧链的分子静电势比较

本文计算了木瓜蛋白酶分子中肽基和各种不同类型、非极性、极性不带电荷和带电荷氨基酸侧链的abinitio从头计算分子静电势图,并讨论了某些常和酶催化活性中心有关的侧链如天冬酰氨、丝氨酸和组氨酸等的静电势分布特点。     

C(4)取代紫杉醇类似物的定量构效关系研究

用量子化学B3LYP／6-31G方法计算了23个C（4）取代紫杉醇类似物的结构,用遗传算法（GFA）对能量、电性、拓扑及热力学等类型的278个结构描述符进行筛选,并回归建立其抑制人体结肠癌细胞HCT-116活性的定量构效关系（QSAR）．QSAR方程含分子体积Vm、分子分支度指数CHI-O、分子中带正电荷原子的溶剂可积面积与其所带电荷之积的加和值Jurs-PPSA-3以及分子表面积S4个结构描述符．方程的拟合相关系数的平方R^0及交叉验证系数Q^2分别为0．956和0．913,所得QSAR具有可信的预报能力．由优化后的几何构型知,C（4）取代基、C（13）侧链和2-OBz三基团共同形成疏水腔,C（4）取代基的改变影响C（13）侧链的电子结构．C（13）连接的18号O原子的负电荷越大、3’位连接的NHBz基团的极性越小活性越高;C（4）取代基若为吸电子基对活性不利;适当增大分子体积、表面积和疏水性,保持一定的分支度对活性有利．     

双氮桥联1,10-菲咯啉大环化合物分子构型的从头算研究

应用规范不变原子轨道法(GIAO)在RHF/6-31G**和B3LYP/6-31G**水平上计算了质子化双氮桥联1,10-菲咯啉大环化合物(H4HAPP2+)C2h和C2h构型的1HNMR,并用TDDFT法计算了H4HAPP2+电子光谱.结果表明,B3LYP/6-31G*优化的C2h构型为较优构型,经谐振频率验证无虚频,C2h构型是H4HAPP2+合理的对称性构型.     

反应H_2C==C(OH)Li+CH_3~+(CH_3~-)的从头算研究

采用解析梯度方法在RHF/6_31 +G 水平上研究了CH2 C(OH)Li的可能构型及异构化反应 ,并在此基础上研究了它与CH+3 和CH-3 的反应 .类卡宾CH2 C(OH)Li与CH+3 反应时 ,首先将构型 1转化为构型 4,然后与CH+3 顺利反应 ,此反应过程中保持碳负离子中心的构型 .而与CH-3 反应时 ,构型 1因锂的协助首先断裂形成类似构型 2的紧密离子对 ,然后CH-3 从 -OH的反面进攻 ,将 -OH取代 ,此反应过程中中心碳构型发生反转 .分析表明 ,类卡宾的两可反应性与构型的相对稳定性有密切的关系 .     

紫杉醇的核磁共振谱及其分子几何构型的从头算研究

应用规范不变原子轨道GIAO法在HF/6 31G水平计算了MM3、PM3和HF/STO 3G三种最优分子构型下紫杉醇的δ 1H NMR和δ 13C NMR.对NMR化学位移计算值与实验值的对比和误差的统计和分析表明,采用HF/STO 3G优化的几何构型计算得到的化学位移误差最小，因此这一构型与实际分子最为接近.从理论构型得到4 OAc与3′ H的距离为0.266 3 nm，4 OAc与3′ Ph的距离为0.310 4 nm，4 OAc与2 OCOPh的距离为0.370 7nm，支持了Williams等关于紫杉醇分子内存在NOE (nuclear overhauser effect)效应及Velde等关于在极性溶剂中4 OAc与3′ Ph、2 OCOPh形成分子内疏水簇的观点.     

硫化磷的构型稳定性

在RHF/6-311 G(3d)水平上,优化分子的几何构型,以高精度积分网格,计算MPW1PW91/6-311 G(3d)总能和相对稳定能.通过相对能量值的对比,系统地研究了3种硫化磷分子β-P4S4,β-P4S5和γ-P4S6,以及结合端点硫(μ1-S)原子形成的系列同分异构体的稳定性,从中找到实验分子构型与稳定性的联系.同时,根据分子的总能、稳定化能和P—(μ1-S)键能的相对大小,对系列同分异构体中相对稳定的、而又未知的分子构型进行理论推测.通过对比理论上稳定的分子和实验已发现的分子,结果是实验分子的稳定性无一例外地得到理论计算的证实,预测了可能合成的其它稳定分子构型α1-P4S6,α1-P4S7,γ-P4S7,γ-P4S8和γ-P4S9,并讨论了结构因素对分子构型稳定性的影响和成键规律.     

去氢抗坏血酸分子振动光谱的理论研究

采用RHF, MP2, DFT(B3LYP)方法, 以6-311++G**为基组研究了去氢抗坏血酸分子(DHA)的平衡几何构型和振动光谱. 计算结果表明, 采用RHF, B3LYP以及MP2 方法优化得到的几何结构以及频率值是一致的. 采用B3LYP/6-311++G**计算了DHA分子平衡构型下的谐振动力场﹑振动频率和振动强度. 使用Wilson的GF矩阵方法对DHA分子进行了简正坐标分析, 依据所得的势能分布对DHA分子的振动基频进行了合理的理论归属.     

类卡宾H2C=CLiF的构型及其异构化

本文用解析梯度和RHF/STO-3G方法研究了锂卤类卡宾H2C=CLiF势能面的主要特征, 得到了四种平衡构型及其异构化的过渡态构型. 平衡构型的能量按三元环构型、四元环构型、σ-配合物构型和p-配合物构型的顺序递增. 文中分析了各构型的特点, 给出了偶极矩、电荷分布和前线分子轨道, 并对该类卡宾的化学反应性质进行了讨论.     

紫杉醚与αβ微管蛋白的分子对接

采用Insight II/Affinity对紫杉醚与αβ微管蛋白进行分子对接, 共得到10个对接构象. 应用密度泛函B3LYP/6-31G 方法计算对接口袋构象的结合能, 筛选出结合能达-190.53 kJ·mol-1的最优对接构象5. 通过构象分析建立紫杉醚与受体结合的作用模型, 结果表明, 在活性口袋的底部紫杉醚与受体间的作用主要是疏水作用, 而在活性口袋的顶部两者间主要是氢键作用. 氢键作用位置可分为A和B两个作用区, 其中A区有3个氢键, 由C13侧链分别与受体的ASP26和ARG369作用形成; B区也有3个氢键, 是由紫杉醚母环上的极性基团分别与受体的THR276、ARG278和GLN282作用产生的. 紫杉醚与αβ微管蛋白间形成的6个氢键可以有效地将紫杉醚固定在活性口袋中.     

C5'-adenosinyl radical cyclization. A stereochemical investigation

A variety of substituted 2'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl radicals 3 were generated under different reaction conditions. Radicals 3 underwent intramolecular cyclization onto the C8-N7 double bond of the adenine moiety leading to aminyl radicals (5'S,8R)-4 and (5'R,8R)-4 and, eventually, to the corresponding cyclonucleosides 5 and 6. The effect of the solvent, the nature of the substituents, and the generation method of radicals 3 on the stereoselectivity of the C5'-radical cyclization have been considered. The observed increase of the (5'S)/(5'R) ratio by increasing the bulkiness of the R1 group is explained in terms of steric repulsion between R1 and the purine moiety which favors the C5'-endo conformation, whereas the effect of the water solvent in promoting the (5'R)-stereoselective cyclization is ascribed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding stabilizing the C5'-exo conformation.     

羟甲芬太尼对映异构体的^1H NMR及立体化学

本文对强效镇痛剂羟甲芬太尼(OMF)八个对映异构体中的其中四个, 即(-)-cis-(3R,4S,2'R)-OMF (1), (+)-cis-(3-R,4S,2'S)-OMF (2),(+)-trans-(3S,4S,2'R)-OMF (3), 和(+)-trans-(3S,4S,2'S)-OMF (4)进行了^1HNMR研究, 归属了所有的共振谱线。对哌啶环质子间偶合常数的分析表明, 所有顺式和反式异构体中的哌啶环都呈现相同的椅式构象。在顺式异构体中3-甲基位于直立键, 而4-N-苯基丙酰胺基位于平伏键, 反式异构体中它们均位于平伏键。讨论了3-甲基和4-N-苯基丙酰胺基的立体取代对NMR的影响, 在顺式异构体中4-N-苯基丙酰胺基的构象相对固定, 而在反式异构体中则较为自由。     

A stereodivergent,two-directional synthesis of stereoisomeric C-linked disaccharide mimetics

Dipyranones, such as 1,2-bis[(2R,3S,6S)-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-oxo-6H-pyran-2-yl]ethane, were exploited as templates for the synthesis of some novel C-linked disaccharide analogues. Efficient methods, such as stereoselective reduction and dihydroxylation, were developed for two-directional functionalisation of these templates. Peracetylated derivatives of ten stereoisomeric disaccharide analogues [acetic acid 4,5-diacetoxy-6-methoxy-[(3',4',5'-triacetoxy-6'-methoxytetrahydropyran- 2'-yl)ethyl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl esters] were synthesised from a virtual library of 136 compounds; furthermore, an additional eight stereoisomers could have been synthesised simply by using the enantiomeric ligand in the enantioselective step. The ability of (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-methoxy-2-[2'-((2'R,3'R,4'S, 5'R,6'S)-3',4',5'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxytetrahydropyran-2'-yl) ethyl]tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol to bind to the repressor protein, LacI, was estimated to be similar to that of isopropyl-beta-thiogalactoside. The disaccharide mimetics were concluded to be a new and interesting class of C-linked disaccharide mimetics with promising, though largely unstudied, biological activity.     

The role of the cleavage site 2'-hydroxyl in the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme reaction

BACKGROUND: The 2'-hydroxyl of U preceding the cleavage site, U(-1), in the Tetrahymena ribozyme reaction contributes 10(3)-fold to catalysis relative to a 2'-hydrogen atom. Previously proposed models for the catalytic role of this 2'-OH involve coordination of a catalytic metal ion and hydrogen-bond donation to the 3'-bridging oxygen. An additional model, hydrogen-bond donation by the 2'-OH to a nonbridging reactive phosphoryl oxygen, is also consistent with previous results. We have tested these models using atomic-level substrate modifications and kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. RESULTS: Replacing the 2'-OH with -NH(3)(+) increases the reaction rate approximately 60-fold, despite the absence of lone-pair electrons on the 2'-NH(3)(+) group to coordinate a metal ion. Binding and reaction of a modified oligonucleotide substrate with 2'-NH(2) at U(-1) are unaffected by soft-metal ions. These results suggest that the 2'-OH of U(-1) does not interact with a metal ion. The contribution of the 2'-moiety of U(-1) is unperturbed by thio substitution at either of the nonbridging oxygens of the reactive phosphoryl group, providing no indication of a hydrogen bond between the 2'-OH and the nonbridging phosphoryl oxygens. In contrast, the 10(3)-fold catalytic advantage of 2'-OH relative to 2'-H is eliminated when the 3'-bridging oxygen is replaced by sulfur. As sulfur is a weaker hydrogen-bond acceptor than oxygen, this effect suggests a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the 2'-OH and the 3'-bridging oxygen. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide the first experimental support for the model in which the 2'-OH of U(-1) donates a hydrogen bond to the neighboring 3'-bridging oxygen, thereby stabilizing the developing negative charge on the 3'-oxygen in the transition state.     

Total syntheses of symbioramide derivatives from l-serine and their antileukemic activities

Naturally occurring symbioramide, (2S,3R,2'R,3'E)-N-(2'-hydroxy-3'-octadecenoyl)-dihydrosphingosine 1a, was synthesized from d-erythro-dihydrosphingosine (amino part, 2) and (2R,3E)-2-hydroxy-3-octadecenoic acid (acid part, 3a), both of which were prepared from l-serine. Its diastereomer, (2S,3R,2'S,3'E)-1b, having an enantiomer of the unnatural-type acid part that was prepared from d-mannitol, and its corresponding (Z)-isomers, (2S,3R,2'R,3'Z)-1c and (2S,3R,2'S,3'Z)-1d, were also prepared. The antileukemic activities of 1a-d against HL-60 and L-1210 cells were appreciated by a MTT assay. None of the four symbioramide derivatives showed antileukemic activities in HL-60 cells. In L-1210 cells, all the symbioramide derivatives showed moderate antileukemic activities. Compound 1d had the most effective activity against L-1210 cells among the four derivatives. The data suggest that unnatural types of (2'S)-isomers of acid parts are more active than those of (2'R)-isomers.     

Antimicrobial C-glucoside from aerial parts of Diospyros nigra

A new C-alkylglucoside, diospyrodin [beta-1C-(1'S*,2'R*,3'R*,4'S*-1',2',3',4',5'-pentahydroxypentyl)-glucopyranoside] (1) has been isolated as its nonaacetate from the leaves and stems of Diospyros nigra. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral properties and a single crystal X-ray analysis. It showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.     

Synthesis and assignment of the absolute configuration of the anti-Helicobacter pylori agents CJ-12,954 and CJ-13,014

The synthesis of the spiroacetal-containing anti-Helicobacter pylori agents (3S,2'S,5'S,7'S)- (ent-CJ-12,954) and (3S,2'S,5'R,7'S)- (ent-CJ-13,014) has been carried out based on the convergent union of a 1:1 mixture of heterocycle-activated spiroacetal sulfones and with (3S)-phthalide aldehyde . The synthesis of the (3R)-diastereomers (3R,2'S,5'S,7'S)- and (3R,2'S,5'R,7'S)- was also undertaken in a similar manner by union of (3R)-phthalide aldehyde with a 1:1 mixture of spiroacetal sulfones and . Comparison of the (1)H and (13)C NMR data, optical rotations and HPLC retention times of the synthetic compounds (3S,2'S,5'S,7'S)- and (3S,2'S,5'R,7'S)- and the (3R)-diastereomers (3R,2'S,5'S,7'S)- and (3R,2'S,5'R,7'S)-, with the naturally occurring compounds, established that the synthetic isomers and were in fact enantiomeric to the natural products CJ-12,954 and CJ-13,014. The (2S,8S)-stereochemistry in protected dihydroxyketone , the precursor to the mixture of spiroacetal sulfones and was established via union of readily available (S)-acetylene with aldehyde in which the (4S)-stereochemistry was established via asymmetric allylation. Deprotection and cyclization of protected dihydroxyketone afforded an inseparable 1:1 mixture of spiroacetal alcohols and that were converted into a 1:1 inseparable mixture of spiroacetal sulfones and . Phthalide-aldehyde was prepared via intramolecular acylation of bromocarbamate in which the (3S)-stereochemistry was established via asymmetric CBS reduction of ketone .     

New ent-kaurane diterpenes with chiral epoxyangelate moieties from Wedelia prostrata

Four new ent-kaurane diterpenes with chiral epoxyangelate moieties, (2′R,3′R)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), (2′S,3′S)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2), (2′S,3′R)-3 a- (2',3'-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3) and (2′R,3′S)-3α- (2′,3'-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), along with eight known diterpenes (5-12), were isolated from Wedelia prostrata. The absolute configurations of the new structures were determined by X-ray crystallography,ECD calculations and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities on human HepG-2 cells,with IC_(50) values of 11.72 ±0.22 μmol/L to 54.75±1.12 μmol/L.     

Feigrisolide C: structural revision and synthesis

[Carbohydrate structure: see text] The original macrodiolide structure proposed for feigrisolide C was incorrect. The true structure of feigrisolide C was identified as (2'S,3'S,6'R,8'R)-homononactoyl (2R,3R,6S,8S)-nonactic acid, which was confirmed by total synthesis.     

Carotenoids with two chromophores: carotenoid retinoates

In this study, carotenoid retinoates are described for the first time. The preparation was achieved by the azolide method. Various sec carotenols reacted with N-retinoylimidazol in the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium hydride. Mono- and diretinoates of (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin and its (3S,3'S)-enantiomer, (9Z,9'Z; 3R,3'R)-alloxanthin, (3R,3'R)-7,8,7',8'-tetrahydro-3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-8,8'-dione and (3R,6R,3'R,6'R)-ε,ε-carotene-3,3'-diol (lactucaxanthin), as well as monoretinoates of (3R,3'RS,6'R)-3'-methoxy-β,ε-caroten-3-ol, (3R,3'RS,6'R)-3-methoxy-β,ε-caroten-3'-ol, (2R,6'RS)-β,ε-caroten-2-ol, (3R,3'S; meso)-astaxanthin and (2'R)-aleuriaxanthin are reported in this study. Spectroscopic properties ((1)H-NMR mass spectrometry, visible and circular dichroism spectra) are discussed. Studies on other carotenoid derivatives with two chromophores are referred to here.