微波消解-ICP-MS法测定利奈唑胺中残留钯

本文测定了抗生素原料药利奈唑胺中的残留钯(Pd)的含量。采用微波消解对样品进行了前处理,用铑(Rh)作为内标,对仪器漂移和基体效应进行校正,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行测定。平均回收率为98.6%,方法检出限为0.02μg.L-1。该法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可用于利奈唑胺中残留痕量钯的测定。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定纳米二氧化钛中痕量砷

建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GF-AAS）测定纳米二氧化钛中痕量杂质元素砷的分析方法。采用由一定浓度和比例的氢氟酸、硝酸组成的混合试剂,结合应用高压密闭微波加热技术快速完全消解纳米二氧化钛样品,优选了最佳微波加热控制程序,不仅解决了二氧化钛难消解和待测元素砷高温消解过程中易挥发损失等难点,而且检测溶液酸度低,避免对GF-AAS石墨管的侵蚀。并且,通过基体效应影响实验,优化选择了石墨管类型、石墨炉升温原子化控制程序以及原子吸收光谱仪检测参数,消除热稳定性强的二氧化钛基体对测定易挥发痕量元素砷的影响。方法检出限为0.02μg/L,加标回收率为93.0%~106.0%,相对标准偏差9.4%,与ICP-MS检测方法结果对照一致。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人面果树中的重金属元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定人面果树中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素含量的方法。样品采用HNO3-H2O2消解体系,避免了赶酸的操作,经微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素的含量。方法对7种元素的校准曲线的相关系数r>0.9997,检出限在0.0098～0.0874μg/L之间,回收率在93%～115%之间,RSD在0.41%～4.9%。     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定活性白土中痕量毒理性元素

建立了不同样品消解方式下,检测活性白土中痕量毒理性元素的电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)分析方法。分别采用微波和密闭压力对活性白土样品进行消解,利用ICP-MS/MS法测定其中Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Hg和Pb共8种毒理性元素。在MS/MS模式下,分别以O_2和NH_3/He为反应气消除了测定过程中的质谱干扰。各元素具有良好的线性关系(R2≥0.9999),检出限为0.35~5.20 ng/g。应用与活性白土基质组成相似的国家标准参考物质水系沉积物(GBW07306)验证了分析方法的准确性和精密度,结果显示,采用微波消解和密闭压力消解对样品进行前处理的测定值与标准参考物质的证实值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤5.2%,验证了分析结果准确可靠、精密度高。本方法具有分析速度快、检出限低且无干扰的优点,适用于活性白土中痕量毒理性元素的高通量分析。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定UHMWPE中铝、钙、钛

建立微波消解样品、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时检测外科植入物用超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）中铝、钙、钛3种杂质元素的分析方法。取0.50 g样品，加入5 mL硝酸和1 mL过氧化氢，于180℃微波消解15 min，以钪（45Sc）为内标，用ICP-MS法同时测定外科植入物用UHMWPE中杂质元素铝、钙、钛的含量。该方法对铝、钙、钛元素的测定具有良好的线性关系，相关系数均不小于0.999 6，检出限为0.10～0.14 mg/kg，样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%～3.6%(n=7)，样品加标回收率为97.3%～101.3%。该方法适用于测定UHMWPE中杂质元素含量。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定纳米银抗菌产品中多种微量元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定4种纳米银抗菌产品中多种微量元素的分析方法。比较了湿法消解和微波消解这两种样品前处理方法对样品测定的影响,探讨了消除汞记忆效应的方法,并研究了待测元素的质谱干扰的消除。实验结果表明,采用Au(100μg/L)+HCl(2%)能较好地消除Hg的记忆效应。与湿法消解相比,微波消解可短时间消解样品并获得好的Hg回收率。在优化ICP-MS条件后,各元素线性相关系数均大于0.999。采用微波消解-ICP-MS法对样品进行加标回收,样品加标回收率在84.0%~109%,相对标准偏差在0.97%~13.2%。方法快速、简便,能够满足纳米银抗菌产品中微量元素的定量测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定香精香料中的硼元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定香精香料中硼元素的含量。对微波消解样品前处理条件和仪器参数进行了优化,该方法硼元素检出限为1.005 ng/mL、平均回收率为106.1%、精密度为6.15%(n=5),并用茶叶国家标准物质(GBW10016)对分析方法进行了校准。该方法适合于香精香料中硼元素的测定。     

人肝细胞中总砷及砷代谢产物分析方法研究

本工作研究了冷消解、微波消解、高压密闭消解方法对超声破碎后细胞中砷的ICP-MS测定的影响,并与直接进样测定结果作对比.结果表明,微波消解法和高压密闭消解法效果较好,测定的精密度以RSD表示,分别为2.1%和1.2%;日间6次测定的精密度分别为1.2%和2.0%;元素加标回收率均在95.7%～108.1%范围.用4种消解方法对应的ICP-MS方法检出限介于0.74～0.93 μg/l之间,符合痕量分析要求.本工作还建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术对1 μmol/L染砷组细胞样品中的砷化学形态进行了初步探讨,发现细胞内除了存在无机砷(As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ))外,同时存在二甲基砷(DMA)和一种甲基砷中间代谢产物.     

浒苔中有毒有害元素及砷化学形态的研究

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定浒苔中Cu、As、Cd、Hg、Pb等元素含量的分析方法,对各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.999 3～0.999 9),检出限为0.28～2.3 μg/L,元素加标回收率为83%～108%,符合痕量分析要求.并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术对浒苔样品中的砷化学形态进行了初步探讨,发现其中砷主要以无机As(Ⅴ)和某种未知的砷形态存在,推测该未知砷形态为砷糖类物质.     

ICP-MS测定醋酸酯淀粉中7种元素含量

建立了醋酸酯淀粉中7种元素含量微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定方法。通过比较干法、湿法、微波消解三种醋酸酯淀粉前处理方法,选用耗时短、回收率高、操作稳定的微波消解法对醋酸酯淀粉进行消解,利用ICP-MS法测定硼、铝、铬、镍、砷、镉、铅7种元素含量。该方法线性范围广,线性相关系数r0.999 7,回收率92.0%~100.3%,RSD3.8%。具有操作简单、快速、准确、可靠等优点,在醋酸酯淀粉分析中,取得了令人满意的结果。检测结果表明,醋酸酯淀粉中铝含量在4 mg/kg~7 mg/kg,其余元素均小于0.2 mg/kg。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.