长链分子超极化率的单元平均值和差分值的不同渐近性质

由于电子离域, 长链体系的轴向超极化率随链长增长而增加, 直到达到饱和. 由于不能计算无限长体系的超极化率, 需要对有限的数据用函数拟合, 再根据拟合函数外推求得饱和值. 每单元超极化率有两种表示方法, 于是有两个拟合函数γ(n)/n＝a＋b/n＋c/n²和γ(n)－γ(n－1)＝a＋b/n＋c/n². 用聚乙烯、氢分子链、聚乙炔和长链硅烷为例, 表明后者在链增长时没有正确的渐近行为. 其原因是后者与γ(n)的一个含有对数项的拟合函数等价, 而这个对数项是不需要的.     

气相中Nb＋活化CS2中的C-S键

以Nb＋与CS2反应作为第二前过渡金属离子与CS2反应生成金属硫化物离子和CS的范例体系．采用密度泛函UB3LYP方法,对于Nb＋采用Stuttgart赝势基组,对于C和S采用6—311＋G（2d）基组,计算研究了Nb＋在基态和激发态时与CS2气相反应的机理．全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的儿何构型,并且用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标方法对过渡态进行了验证．结果表明Nb＋与CS2的反应是插入-消去反应,在反应过程中会发生系间窜越,并且找到了两个势能面的能量最低交叉点．     

气相中Ir＋循环催化N2O与CO反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函UB3LYP方法和Stuttgart赝势基组, 计算研究了气相中循环催化N2O ＋CO →N2 ＋CO2 反应的微观机理. 通过对相关物种亲氧性的计算, 证明了Ir＋循环催化作用在热力学上是可行的. 不同自旋态反应势能面的计算结果表明, 循环催化的两步反应均为自旋禁阻反应, 各存在不同自旋态势能面的交叉, 并运用Yoshizawa的内禀坐标单点垂直激发计算的方法找出了势能面交叉点; 两步反应均为放热反应, 总放热量为358.9 kJ•mol－1.     

一类五核平面开口型过渡金属原子簇电子吸收光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的TDDFT研究

运用TDDFT B3LYP/LanL2DZ方法, 研究了一类具有非中心对称的五核平面开口构型过渡金属原子簇化合物[MoS₄Cu₄(py)₆X₂] (X＝Br, I)的电子吸收光谱和静态二阶非线性极化率, 估算了晶体的宏观二阶非线性光学系数. 电子吸收光谱的计算结果与实验测量结果比较符合; 碘系簇合物的静态二阶非线性极化率大于溴系. 详细讨论了该类金属簇合物电子吸收光谱的归属及其相关联的电子跃迁方式; 在微观水平上阐述了其二阶非线性光学性质的起源. 研究结果表明外围无机卤素配体4p/5p轨道到簇芯[MoS₄]杂化轨道的电子转移对静态二阶非线性极化率的贡献大于有机配体的贡献; 而过渡金属簇芯内的电子转移也有较大的贡献. 这对于理解过渡金属原子簇化合物内的电子转移对光学激发的作用以及用来设计新的无机-有机杂化二阶非线性光学材料有较大的帮助.     

气相中Y＋, Zr＋, Nb＋与CO2反应的理论研究

以Y^＋, Zr^＋, Nb^＋与CO₂反应作为第二前过渡金属离子与CO₂反应的范例体系. 采用密度泛函UB3LYP方法, 对于Y, Zr, Nb采用Stuttgart赝势基组, 对于CO₂采用6-311＋G(2d)基组, 计算研究了三种金属离子在基态和激发态时与CO₂气相反应的机理. 结果表明三种金属离子与CO₂反应以高自旋进入反应通道, 在反应过程中发生系间窜越, 以低自旋中间体和最终产物离开反应通道. 用内禀坐标单点垂直激发计算的方法找到了势能面交叉点, 并作了相应的讨论. 因为有金属离子的参与, 使单分子CO₂的强吸热分解反应变为生成CO和MO^＋的放热过程.     

气相中Y＋, Zr＋, Nb＋与CO2反应的理论研究

以Y^＋, Zr^＋, Nb^＋与CO₂反应作为第二前过渡金属离子与CO₂反应的范例体系. 采用密度泛函UB3LYP方法, 对于Y, Zr, Nb采用Stuttgart赝势基组, 对于CO₂采用6-311＋G(2d)基组, 计算研究了三种金属离子在基态和激发态时与CO₂气相反应的机理. 结果表明三种金属离子与CO₂反应以高自旋进入反应通道, 在反应过程中发生系间窜越, 以低自旋中间体和最终产物离开反应通道. 用内禀坐标单点垂直激发计算的方法找到了势能面交叉点, 并作了相应的讨论. 因为有金属离子的参与, 使单分子CO₂的强吸热分解反应变为生成CO和MO^＋的放热过程.     

含自旋轨道角动量耦合的耦合簇理论研究Zn2和Cd2二聚物的结构和光谱常数

在二分量相对论有效势和与之匹配的基组aug-cc-pvnz-pp (n=Q, 5)的基础上, 结合电子相关能的完备基组外推和四阶多项式拟合, 我们用含自旋轨道角动量耦合的耦合簇方法研究了Zn₂和Cd₂的结构和光谱常数. 尽管Zn₂和Cd₂的自旋轨道角动量耦合效应不及Hg₂的明显, 但还是把自旋轨道角动量耦合放在耦合簇迭代计算中, 以获得更加合理的理论结果. 通过比较, 理论结果与最新发表的实验结果或其他课题组的理论结果吻合得较好, 因此我们的理论计算将有助于丰富对Zn₂和Cd₂光谱性质的认识.     

过渡金属原子X (X=Mn、Fe、Co)掺杂单层Janus WSSe的第一性原理研究

二维Janus WSSe作为一种新兴的过渡金属硫族化合物(TMDs)材料,由于其打破了面外镜像对称性,且具有内在垂直压电和强Rashba自旋轨道耦合效应等丰富的物理特性,在自旋电子器件中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法计算了过渡金属原子X(X=Mn、Fe、Co)掺杂单层Janus WSSe的电子结构、磁性和光学性质。结果表明：在Chalcogen-rich(硫族元素为多数元素)条件下的掺杂比在W-rich(钨元素为多数元素)条件下的掺杂展现出更高的稳定性,且掺杂后所有体系均表现出磁性。值得一提的是,对该体系进行Mn掺杂后,自旋向上通道出现杂质能级,WSSe由原来的非磁性半导体转变成磁矩为1.043μ_B的铁磁性半金属。而Fe、Co的掺杂使得自旋向上通道和自旋向下通道均出现杂质能级,呈现出磁矩分别为1.584μ_B、2.739μ_B的金属性。此外,掺杂体系的静态介电常数都显著增加,极化程度增强,且介电函数虚部和光吸收峰都发生了红移,说明掺杂有利于对可见光的吸收。     

PdC_2H_2和PtC_2H_2的键结构研究

关于过渡金属Pd,Pt对C_2H_2的吸附和氢化实验研究前人已作了不少工作,但有关Pd,Pt与C_2H_2之间成键问题的理论研究还尚不多见。为了了解Pd,Pt d轨道对炔键的活化行为和成键特性,本文以MC_2H_2(M=Pd,Pt)为模型,用赝势计算方法,对Pd,Pt与C_2H_2键的相互作用进行了研究。一、计算方法由于重原子的内层轨道对形成分子贡献很小,内层电子的相对论效应极为严重。本文采用Ps—HONDO程序,选取Hay的有效核芯势和价轨道Gaussian基组,对重原子Pd和Pt进行了价电子从头计算,对C和H进行了全电子从头算.部分地消除重原子内层电子相对论效应所引起的误差。     

黄铜矿型铜基硫属半导体材料的电子结构和光学性质

采用基于赝势平面波基组的密度泛函理论方法, 对具有黄铜矿结构的6种CuXY₂(X=Ga, In; Y=S, Se, Te)晶体的构型、 电子结构、 线性及二阶非线性光学性质进行了研究. 结果表明, 6种CuXY₂均为直接带隙半导体, 具有相似的能带结构. 当X原子相同时, 随着Y原子按S→Se→Te依次改变时, 体系的静态介电常数、 静态折射率和静态倍频系数(d₃₆)依次递增. 在占据带中, 位于价带顶附近的能带对体系倍频效应影响最为显著, 该系列化合物的能带主要成分为Cu的3d轨道和Y原子价层p轨道; 对于空能带, 对倍频系数影响较大的是以X原子价层p轨道为主要成分的能带. 6种晶体中, CuInSe₂晶体具有较高的光电导率并对太阳光具有较好的吸收性能. 综合考虑体系的双折射率和倍频效应等因素, CuGaS₂和CuGaSe₂ 2种晶体在二阶非线性光学领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

Basis sets for geometry optimizations of second-row transition metal inorganic and organometallic complexes

Modest-sized basis sets for the second-row transition metal atoms are developed for use in geometry optimization calculations. Our method is patterned after previous work on basis sets for first-row transition metal atoms. The basis sets are constructed from the minimal basis sets of Huzinaga and are augmented with a set of diffuse p and d functions. The exponents of these diffuse functions are chosen to minimize both the difference between the calculated and experimental equilibrium geometries and the total molecular energies for several second-row transition metal inorganic and organon etallic complexes. Slightly smaller basis sets, based on the same Huzinaga minimal sets but augmented with a set of diffuse s and p functions rather than diffuse p and d functions, are also presented. The performance of these basis sets is tested on a wide variety of second-row transition metal inorganic and organometallic complexes and is compared to pseudopotential basis sets incorporating effective core potentials.     

Development and testing of a compact basis set for use in effective core potential calculations on rhodium complexes

We present a set of effective core potential (ECP) basis sets for rhodium atoms which are of reasonable size for use in electronic structure calculations. In these ECP basis sets, the Los Alamos ECP is used to simulate the effect of the core electrons while an optimized set of Gaussian functions, which includes polarization and diffuse functions, is used to describe the valence electrons. These basis sets were optimized to reproduce the ionization energy and electron affinity of atomic rhodium. They were also tested by computing the electronic ground state geometry and harmonic frequencies of [Rh(CO)₂μ‐Cl]₂, Rh(CO)₂ClPy, and RhCO (neutral and its positive, and negative ions) as well as the enthalpy of the reaction of [Rh(CO)₂μ‐Cl]₂ with pyridine (Py) to give Rh(CO)₂ClPy, at different levels of theory. Good agreement with experimental values was obtained. Although the number of basis functions used in our ECP basis sets is smaller than those of other ECP basis sets of comparable quality, we show that the newly developed ECP basis sets provide the flexibility and precision required to reproduce a wide range of chemical and physical properties of rhodium compounds. Therefore, we recommend the use of these compact yet accurate ECP basis sets for electronic structure calculations on molecules involving rhodium atoms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Prediction of the reduction potential in transition‐metal containing complexes: How expensive? For what accuracy?

Accurate computationally derived reduction potentials are important for catalyst design. In this contribution, relatively inexpensive density functional theory methods are evaluated for computing reduction potentials of a wide variety of organic, inorganic, and organometallic complexes. Astonishingly, SCRF single points on B3LYP optimized geometries with a reasonably small basis set/ECP combination works quite well‐‐B3LYP with the BS1 [modified‐LANL2DZ basis set/ECP (effective core potential) for metals, LANL2DZ(d,p) basis set/LANL2DZ ECP for heavy nonmetals (Si, P, S, Cl, and Br), and 6‐31G(d') for other elements (H, C, N, O, and F)] and implicit PCM solvation models, SMD (solvation model based on density) or IEFPCM (integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model with Bondi atomic radii and α = 1.1 reaction field correction factor). The IEFPCM‐Bondi‐B3LYP/BS1 methodology was found to be one of the least expensive and most accurate protocols, among six different density functionals tested (BP86, PBEPBE, B3LYP, B3P86, PBE0, and M06) with thirteen different basis sets (Pople split‐valence basis sets, correlation consistent basis sets, or Los Alamos National Laboratory ECP/basis sets) and four solvation models (SMD, IEFPCM, IPCM, and CPCM). The MAD (mean absolute deviation) values of SCRF‐B3LYP/BS1 of 49 studied species were 0.263 V for SMD and 0.233 V for IEFPCM‐Bondi; and the linear correlations had respectable R ² values (R ² = 0.94 for SMD and R ² = 0.93 for IEFPCM‐Bondi). These methodologies demonstrate relatively reliable, convenient, and time‐saving functional/basis set/solvation model combinations in computing the reduction potentials of transition metal complexes with moderate accuracy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Theoretical studies of organometallic compounds. III. Structures and bond energies of FeCHn and FeCH (n = 1, 2, 3)

The geometries and dissociation energies for the Fe? C and C? H bonds of FeCH_n and FeCH (n = 1, 2, 3) have been calculated by ab initio quantum mechanical methods using different effective core potential models and Møller–Plesset perturbation theory. The HW3 ECP model, which has a configuration [core] (n?1)s², (n?1)p⁶, (n?1)d¹, (n)s^m for the transition metals, is clearly superior to the larger core LANL1DZ ECP model with the configuration [core] (n?1)d¹, (n)s^m. The Fe? C bond energies calculated at correlated levels using the HW3 ECP are in much better agreement with experiment than the LANL1DZ results. This effect is mainly due to the higher number of correlated electrons rather than the inclusion of the outermost core electrons in the Hartree–Fock calculation. At the PMP4/HW3TZ/6-31G(d)//MP2/HW3TZ/6-31G(d) level, the theoretically predicted Fe? C bond energies for FeCH are in the range of 80% of the experimental values and have nearly the same accuracy as all-electron calculations using large valence basis sets and the MCPF method for the correlation energy. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

线性BC2nB (n＝1～12)的结构特征和电子光谱的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-31G^*水平上优化得到了线性簇合物BC_2nB (n＝1～12, D_(h)的平衡几何构型, 并计算了它们的谐振动频率. 在优化平衡几何构型下, 通过TD-B3LYP/cc-pvDZ和TD-B3LYP/cc-pvTZ计算, 分别得到了n＝1～12和n＝1～7的电子跃迁的垂直激发能和对应的振子强度. 在B3LYP/6-311＋G^*水平上计算得到了簇合物BC_2nB (n＝1～12, D_(h)的电离能. 基于计算结果, 导出了BC_2nB体系电子跃迁能以及第一电离能与体系大小n的解析表达式.     

Theoretical studies of organometallic compounds. I. All electron and pseudopotential calculations of Ti(CH3)nCl4 − n (n = 0–4)

The performance of effective core potentials (ECP) and model potentials (MP) has been studied by calculating the geometries and reaction energies of isodesmic reactions for the molecules Ti(CH₃)_nCl_{4 ? n} (n = 0–4) at the Hartree–Fock level of theory. The results are compared with data from all electron calculations and experimental results as far as available. The all electron calculations were performed with a 3-21G basis set from Hehre and a (53321/521/41) basis set from Huzinaga. For the ECP calculations the potentials developed by Hay and Wadt, and for the MP calculations, the model potentials developed by Sakai and Huzinaga, are employed. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Theoretical studies of organometallic compounds. II. All electron and pseudopotential calculations of M(CH3)nCl4 − n (M = C,Si, Ge,Sn, Pb; n = 0–4)

The performance of effective core potentials (ECP) for the main group elements of group IV has been studied by calculating the geometries and reaction energies of isodesmic reactions for the molecules M(CH₃)_nCl_{4 ? n} (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; n = 0–4) at the Hartree–Fock level of theory. The results are compared with data from all electron calculations and experimental results as far as available. The all electron calculations were performed with a 3-21G(d) and a 6-31G(d) basis set for Si, a (43321/4321/41) basis set for Ge, and a (433321/43321/431) basis set for Sn. For the ECP calculations the potentials developed by Hay and Wadt with a configuration (n)s^a(n)p^b and the valence basis set (21/21), extended by a set of d functions, are employed. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Model potentials for molecular calculations. II. The spd-MP set for transition metal atoms Sc through Hg

Model potential parameters and valence orbitals were generated for the transition metal atoms Sc through Hg. They are named the spd-MPs and are supplementary to the sd-MPs presented in the preceding article. The outermost core np electrons were treated explicitly together with valence nd and (n + 1)s electrons, and the remaining electrons were replaced by a model potential. The model potential parameters and valence orbitals were determined in the same way as the sd-MPs. Major relativistic effects (via the mass velocity and Darwin terms) were also incorporated in the spd-MPs for the second-and third-row transition metal atoms. The results of numerical nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations for the first-row transition metal atoms and of the quasirelativistic HF calculations with Cowan and Griffin's method for the second-row and third-row transition metal atoms were used as reference data in determination of the spd-MPs.     

Robust metal-pentagon interactions in the Th-based endohedral metallofullerenes revealed by DFT calculations

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) all feature obvious charge transfer from the metallic core to the carbon shell with the donated electrons largely accepted by the cage pentagons. In this work, a series of Th@C_2n (2n = 64-88) were thoroughly investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. Interestingly, we found that the tetravalent thorium atom mainly coordinates to three pentagonal rings with the metal–pentagon interactions independent on the distribution and distance among these pentagons. This coordination pattern is not only in sharp contrast to that of common organometallic complexes, where four pentagons are indispensable for stabilizing Th(IV), but also different from that of Ti-containing fullerenes, whose valence state highly depends on the pentagon distribution. The specificity of Th-based EMFs was rationalized by the synergetic effect of small metal ion size, low electronegativity, strong metal-cage electrostatic attractions and effective orbital overlap between the metal and cage orbitals. Our work highlights the role of cage pentagons in the Th-cage interactions, and points out the fundamental difference between EMFs and common organometallic complexes.