Spectroscopic characterization of Yb:Sc2O3 transparent ceramics

Yb：Sc2O3 transparent ceramics are fabricated by a conventional ceramic process and sintering in H2 atmosphere. The room-temperature spectroscopic properties are investigated, and the Raman spectrum shows an obvious vibration characteristic band centred at 415 cm-1. There are three broad absorption bands around 891, 937, and 971 nm, respectively. The strongest emission peak is centred at 1.04 μm with a broad bandwidth （11 nm） and an emission cross-section of 1.8×10^-20 cm^2. The gain coefficient implies a possible laser ability in a range from 990 nm to 1425 nm. The energy-level structure shows that Yb：Sc2O3 ceramics have large Stark splitting at the ground state level due to their strong crystal field. All the results show that Yb：Sc2O3 transparent ceramics are a promising material for short pulse lasers.     

The concentration quenching and crystallographic sites of Eu²⁺ in Ca₂BO₃Cl

A yellow phosphor, Ca2BO3 Cl:Eu2+ , is prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. Under the condition of excitation sources ranging from ultraviolet to visible light, efficient yellow emission can be observed. The emission spectrum shows an asymmetrical single intensive band centred at 573 nm, which corresponds to the 4f 6 5d 1 →4f 7 transition of Eu2+ . Eu2+ ions occupy two types of Ca2+ sites in the Ca2BO3 Cl lattice and form two corresponding emission centres, respectively, which lead to the asymmetrical emission of Eu2+ in Ca2 BO 3 Cl. The emission intensity of Eu2+ in Ca2BO3 Cl is influenced by the Eu2+ doping concentration. Concentration quenching is discovered, and its mechanism is verified to be a dipole–dipole interaction. The value of the critical transfer distance is calculated to be 2.166 nm, which is in good agreement with the 2.120 nm value derived from the experimental data.     

Luminescence properties of transparent ceramics Y<Subscript>3</Subscript>Al<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript>:Yb

We present the results of studying the luminescence properties of transparent ceramics Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Yb obtained by the vacuum sintering and nanocrystalline technology. In the course of research, we measured the luminescence and luminescence excitation spectra, as well as the temperature and kinetic behavior of luminescence. Our results are analyzed in comparison with the characteristics of corresponding single crystals. We revealed that processes of generation and relaxation of electronic excitations that occur in ceramics, in particular, in the charge transfer state, are similar to processes occurring in crystals. The behavior of two charge-transfer luminescence bands at 340 and 490 nm is studied. In the range 300–600 nm, we revealed a broad emission band of radiation of other type, which is also observed in spectra of undoped ceramics. This broad band is attributed to F⁺ centers. Emission and excitation spectra of charge transfer luminescence at a maximum of the temperature dependence of 100 K are measured for the first time. We found that, upon excitation in the charge transfer band, luminescence in ceramics is more intense than in single crystals with similar concentrations of Yb and has a higher quenching temperature.     

掺Yb3+氧化镧钇透明激光陶瓷的光谱特性

采用传统陶瓷烧结工艺,在无压还原气氛下低温制备出透明性良好的掺Yb3+氧化镧钇透明激光陶瓷,测试了其在室温下的吸收光谱、发射光谱和荧光寿命.结果表明,掺Yb3+氧化镧钇透明激光陶瓷的吸收系数随着Yb3+掺杂浓度的增加而增大,最强吸收峰974nm处的吸收截面为0.90～1.12×10－20 cm2;主发射峰1 032 nm和1 075 nm处的发射截面分别为1.05×10－20 cm2和0.87×10－20 cm2; Yb3+掺杂浓度为5at.%时荧光寿命为1.38 ms,并随Yb3+掺杂浓度的增加而减小;当Yb3+掺杂浓度超过10at.%时,样品中存在严重的浓度猝灭.产生浓度猝灭的原因是高掺杂时离子间存在合作上转换和能量转移.     

The phase transition,hygroscopicity, and thermal expansion properties of Yb_2-xAl_xMo₃O₁₂

Materials with the formula Yb 2-xAlxMo3O12(x =0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8) were synthesized and their structures, phase transitions, and hygroscopicity investigated using X-ray powder diffrac- tion, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. It is shown that Yb2-xAlxMo3O12 solid solutions crystallize in a single monoclinic phase for 1.7 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 and in a single orthorhombic phase for 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, and exhibit the characteristics of both monoclinic and orthorhombic structures outside these compositional ranges. The monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition temperature of Al2Mo3O12 can be reduced by partial substitution of Al 3+ by Yb3+, and the Yb2-x AlxMo3O12 (0.0 < x ≤ 2.0) materials are hydrated at room temperature and contain two kinds of water species. One of these interacts strongly with and hinders the motions of the polyhedra, while the other does not. The partial substitution of Al3+ for Yb3+ in Yb2Mo3O12 decreases its hygroscopicity, and the linear thermal expansion co- efficients after complete removal of water species are measured to be 9.1×10 6 /K, 5.5×10 6 /K, 5.74×10 6 /K, and 9.5 × 10 6 /K for Yb1.8 Al0.2 (MoO4)3 , Yb1.6Al0.4 (MoO4 )3, Yb0.4 Al1.6 (MoO4)3 , and Yb 0.2Al1.8 (MoO4)3 , respectively.     

10BaF₂:NaF,Na₃AlF₆/TiO₂ composite as a novel visible-light-driven photocatalyst based on upconversion emission

A rare-earth free upconversion luminescent material, 10BaF 2 :NaF, Na 3 AlF 6 , is synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The study of fluorescent spectrum indicates that it can convert visible light (550 nm–610 nm) into ultraviolet light (290 nm–350 nm), and two emission peaks at 304 nm and 324 nm are observed under the excitation of 583 nm at room temperature. Subsequently, 10BaF 2 :NaF, Na 3 AlF 6 /TiO 2 composite photocatalyst is prepared and its catalytic activity is evaluated by the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 under visible light irradiation (λ > 515 nm). The results show that 10BaF 2 :NaF, Na 3 AlF 6 /TiO 2 is a more effective photocatalyst for CO 2 reduction than pure TiO 2 , their corresponding methanol yields are 179 and 0 μmol/g-cat under the same conditions. Additionally, the mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 on 10BaF 2 :NaF, Na 3 AlF 6 /TiO 2 is proposed.     

Low-voltage antimony-doped SnO₂ nanowire transparent transistors gated by microporous SiO₂-based proton conductors

A battery drivable low-voltage transparent lightly antimony(Sb)-doped SnO 2 nanowire electric-double-layer(EDL) field-effect transistor(FET) is fabricated on an ITO glass substrate at room temperature.An ultralow operation voltage of 1 V is obtained on account of an untralarge specific gate capacitance(～2.14 μF/cm 2) directly bound up with mobile ions-induced EDL(sandwiched between the top and bottom electrodes) effect.The transparent FET shows excellent electric characteristics with a field-effect mobility of 54.43 cm 2 /V · s,current on/off ration of 2 × 10 4,and subthreshold gate voltage swing(S = dV gs /d(log I ds)) of 140 mV/decade.The threshold voltage V th(0.1 V) is estimated which indicates that the SnO 2 namowire transistor operates in an n-type enhanced mode.Such a low-voltage transparent nanowire transistor gated by a microporous SiO 2-based solid electrolyte is very promising for battery-powered portable nanoscale sensors.     

Improved multiferroic properties of La-doped 0.6BiFeO₃-0.4SrTiO₃ solid solution ceramics

The 0.6(Bi1-xLax)FeO 3-0.4SrTiO 3(x = 0,0.1) multiferroic ceramics are prepared by a modified Pechini method to study the effect of substitution of SrTiO3 and La in BiFeO3.The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the single phase characteristics of all the compositions each with a rhombohedral structure.The magnetic properties of the ceramics are significantly improved by a solid solution with SrTiO3 and substitution of La.The values of the dielectric constant ε r and loss tangent tan δ of all the samples decrease with increasing frequency and become constant at room temperature.The La-doped 0.6BiFeO3-0.4SrTiO3 ceramics exhibit improved dielectric and ferroelectric properties,with higher dielectric constant enhanced remnant polarization(Pr) and lower leakage current at room temperature.Compared with a anti-ferromagnetic BiFeO3 compound,the 0.6(Bi0.9La0.1)FeO3-0.4SrTiO3 sample shows the optimal ferromagnetism with remnant magnetization M r ～ 0.135 emμ/g and ferroelectricity with Pr ～ 5.94 μC/cm 2 at room temperature.     

Intense White Luminescence from Combustion Synthesized Ca<Subscript>12</Subscript>Al<Subscript>14</Subscript>O<Subscript>33</Subscript>: Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>/Yb<Superscript>2+</Superscript> Single Phase Phosphor

The Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃: Yb³⁺/Yb²⁺ single phase nano-phosphor has been synthesized through combustion route and its luminescence and lifetime studies have been carried out up to 20 K using 976 and 266 nm excitations. The samples heated in open atmosphere have shown the presence of Yb in Yb³⁺ and Yb²⁺ states. The 976 nm excitation results a cooperative upconversion emission at 486 nm due to the Yb³⁺ state and a broad band in the blue region and has been assigned to arise from the defect centers. The 266 nm excitation on the other hand results a broad emission band even from as-synthesized phosphor without doping of Yb, the width of which increases in presence of Yb due to the emission from Yb²⁺ ions formed in heated samples. The white emission covers almost whole visible region with bandwidth 190 nm. The ions in Yb²⁺ state has been found to increase with the increase in heating temperature up to 1,273 K. A back conversion of Yb²⁺ to Yb³⁺ has been observed for higher temperatures. Effect of boric and phosphoric acids as flux on the emission properties of Yb³⁺ and Yb²⁺ states have been examined and discussed. Quantum yield of emission has also been determined for different samples.     

Yb^3＋：Y2O3超细粉体的低温燃烧法合成及发光性能

以稀土硝酸盐和尿素（摩尔分数为1∶3）为原料,采用低温燃烧法在点火温度为600℃,热处理温度为1 100℃,热处理时间为1 h条件下制备了Yb3＋∶Y2O3超细粉体。利用X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和荧光光谱仪（FS）对粉体进行了表征。研究了点火温度、燃料用量和热处理温度对粉体性能的影响。实验结果表明：所制备的Yb3＋∶Y2O3超细粉体的粒径为15～30 nm,颗粒分散性较好,无明显团聚,且粉体的发光性能良好,发射峰位于976,1 030和1 075 nm,适合于制备Yb3＋∶Y2O3透明陶瓷。     

Diode-pumped sub-100 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb3+:Sc2O3 ceramic laser

Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked laser operations of Yb3+:Sc2O3 ceramics have been achieved. 92 fs pulses with the average power of 850 mW under 3.89 W incident pump power were obtained at a center wavelength of 1042 nm. The optical-to-optical efficiency was 21.9%. 90 fs pulses with the average power of 160 mW were also obtained at a center wavelength of 1092 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb3+:Sc2O3 laser.     

Diode-pumped laser and self-frequency-doubling properties of a Nd³⁺:Na₃La₉O₃(BO₃)₈ crystal

We report efficient, diode-pumped, self-frequency doubling (SFD) in the newly developed laser crystal Nd³⁺:Na₃La₉O₃(BO₃)₈ (Nd:NLBO). More than 730?mW of fundamental output power at 1072?nm was achieved with a slope efficiency of 16.2%. With incident pump power of 8?W, 29?mW of green cw laser emission at 536?nm was observed with proper phase matching. This initial performance and the good optical properties of the crystalline host are encouraging for the development of a high power diode-pumped SFD visible light laser source.     

Broadband infrared luminescence from transparent glass–ceramics containing Ni<Superscript>2+</Superscript>-doped <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">β</Emphasis> -Ga<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanocrystals

Transparent Ni²⁺-doped β-Ga₂O₃ glass–ceramics were synthesized. The nanocrystal phase in the glass–ceramics was identified to be β-Ga₂O₃ and its size was about 3.6 nm. It was confirmed from the absorption spectra that the ligand environment of Ni²⁺ ions changed from the trigonal bi-pyramid fivefold sites in the as-cast glass to the octahedral sites in the glass–ceramics. The broadband infrared emission centering at 1270 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of more than 250 nm was observed. The fluorescence lifetime was about 1.1 μs at room temperature. The observed infrared emission could be attributed to the ³ T _2g (³ F )→³ A _2g (³ F ) transition of octahedral Ni²⁺ ions. It is suggested that the Ni²⁺-doped transparent β-Ga₂O₃ glass–ceramics with broad bandwidth and long lifetime have a potential as a broadband amplification medium. PACS 42.70.-a; 42.70.Ce; 81.40.Tv     

The influence of interfacial barrier engineering on the resistance switching of In₂O₃:SnO₂/TiO₂/In₂O₃:SnO₂ device

The I–V characteristics of In2O3:SnO2/TiO2/In2O3:SnO2 junctions with different interfacial barriers are inves- tigated by comparing experiments. A two-step resistance switching process is found for samples with two interfacial barriers produced by specific thermal treatment on the interfaces. The nonsynchronous occurrence of conducting filament formation through the oxide bulk and the reduction in the interfacial barrier due to the migration of oxygen vacancies under the electric field is supposed to explain the two-step resistive switching process. The unique switching properties of the device, based on interfacial barrier engineering, could be exploited for novel applications in nonvolatile memory devices.     

微波水热法制备铋铕共掺杂氧化钇磷光粉

用微波水热法制备化学计量比为(Y_0.94-x,Eu_0.06, Bi_x)₂O₃(x=0, 0.01~0.06 )的铋铕共掺杂氧化钇磷光粉。用XRD、SEM、EDS、荧光光谱及HRTEM等进行表征。结果表明:该系统由于铋的加入使(211)晶面的生长受到抑制;在激发波长346 nm时,由于铋的掺入使发光增强;随铋掺杂量的增加,其发光先增强后减弱,并在x=0.03时有最大值;因此该系统可作为320~375 nm的近紫外(如白光LED及高压汞灯)激发用磷光粉。该系统在激发波长为254 nm时,铋的加入使发光强度减弱;因此该系统不适合用于低压汞灯。     

Near-infrared quantum cutting in transparent nanostructured glass ceramics

Quantum cutting downconversion involving the emission of two near-infrared photons for each blue photon absorbed is realized in transparent glass ceramics with embedded Pr3+/Yb3+: beta-YF3 nanocrystals. On excitation of Pr3+ ions with a visible photon at 482 nm, Yb3+ ions emit two near-infrared photons at 976 nm through an efficient cooperative energy transfer from Pr3+ to Yb3+, with optimal quantum efficiency close to 200%. The development of the near-infrared quantum cutting transparent glass ceramic could open a route to enhance the energy efficiency of the silicon solar cell by converting one blue solar photon to two near-infrared ones.     

Yb:Y2－2xLa2xO3激光透明陶瓷的光谱性能

对一种低温易烧结的Yb:Y_2-2xLa_2xO₃激光透明陶瓷的光谱性能进行了初步研究，Yb:Y_2-2xLa_2xO₃激光透明陶瓷具有宽的吸收带和大的吸收截面，在最强的吸收峰977nm处吸收截面达4.0×10^-20cm²；其荧光发射寿命为1.1ms，发射截面在1033nm处为1.0×10^-20cm²，在1077nm处为0.7×10^-20cm².Yb:Y_2-2xLa_2xO₃陶瓷的各项光学性能指标接近或达到单晶的指标. 关键词： 氧化镧钇 激光陶瓷 低温烧结 光谱性能     

Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中蓝色 上转换发光中的能量传递过程

利用高温固相法制备了Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺杂的氟氧化物玻璃和玻璃陶瓷材料,在980 nm的激光激发下,样品发射出明亮的蓝色上转换荧光。通过对玻璃和玻璃陶瓷样品的对比,发现Tm³⁺离子和Yb³⁺离子之间存在着Tm³⁺(³H₄)→Yb³⁺(²F_5/2)的反向能量传输通道,并且与晶场有较强的依赖关系。分析了在玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中蓝色上转换发光过程,随着敏化剂Yb³⁺浓度的增加,在玻璃中正向和反向能量传递的竞争作用使得Tm³⁺离子在Yb³⁺离子的最佳浓度时上转换发光最强;而在玻璃陶瓷中, Tm³⁺离子的上转换发光始终随着Yb³⁺离子的浓度增加而增强。     

Comparative spectroscopic investigation of Yb-doped YAG, YSAG and YLaO3 transparent ceramics

Transparent Yb doped YAG, YSAG and YaLaO3 ceramics are fabricated by using the co-precipitation method. The spectral properties and thermal parameters of these Yb doped cubic phase transparent ceramics are compared, and their different and potential applications are also analysed. The absorption cross-section and the emission cross-section of these ceramics are measured and calculated. The essential properties of these materials especially for the rep-rated pulsed high-energy diode-pumped solid-state lasers are investigated. The results show that Yb doped YAG, YSAG and YaLaO3 are all suitable materials used for diode-pumped solid-state lasers.     

Er3+/Yb3+:KG(WO4)2的熔盐提拉法生长及光谱性能

采用熔盐提拉法生长了尺寸达30 mm×25 mm×15 mm的Er3+/yb3+KGd(WO4)2透明晶体,从中切出5 mm×5 mm×3mm大小的激光器件,在室温下测试了吸收光谱,可以观察到晶体存在366,380,489,522,651,811,980 nm等吸收峰,并对之进行了能级归属.同时在980 nm激光激发下测试了荧光光谱,可以发现在1 024,1 535 nm处存在较宽的强发射峰,其半高宽分别为60和36 nm.研究结果表明,Er3+/yb3+KG(WO4)2适合于InGaAs LD(980 nm)泵浦,有可能产生1 024 nm波段及人眼安全的1 535 nm波段的可调谐激光.