反式异戊橡胶釜内合金的分级与表征

采用等温结晶分级的方法对由负载钛型Ziegler-Natta催化剂在中试装置中催化合成的具有不同丁二烯单体单元含量的反式异戊橡胶釜内合金(TPIR-05,TPIR-10)进行有效分级,并通过13C NMR,GPC,DSC,XRD等方法表征了主要级份的微观结构、丁二烯单元含量(F_(Bd))、分子量(Mw)及其分布(M_w/M_n)、热行为及晶型等.结果表明反式异戊橡胶合金由7种级份(A~G)组成,级份C,D,G为合金TPIR-05的主要级份,级份A~D,G为合金TPIR-10的主要级份. A级份是具有高丁二烯含量(F_(Bd)=22. 4%,摩尔分数)的TPI/TPB多嵌段梯度共聚物; B和D级份是具有低丁二烯含量(FBd=2. 7%~6. 5%)的以长TPI链段为主的多嵌段共聚物; C级份为反式-1,4聚异戊二烯; G级份是一种高丁二烯单元含量(F_(Bd)=15. 6%~20. 4%)的无规共聚物并含有微弱的结晶性.基于上述链结构分析,提出了各级份可能的分子链结构模型.     

负载钛催化合成高反式丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物的序列分布

采用TiCl4-MgCl2-Al(i-Bu)3体系催化丁二烯(Bd,M1)-异戊二烯(Ip,M2)共聚合成了高反式-1,4-结构的共聚物,用13^CNMR方法研究了共聚物的结构和组成分布,定量计算了共聚物二元组的浓度和数均序列长度,证明共聚物的序列分布服一级Markov模型,继而根据一张Markov模型预测了一次投料不同转化率下所得共聚物的链段分布。     

Nd(vers)3/Al(i-Bu)2H/AlEt3/EASC体系催化丁二烯/异戊二烯及丁二烯/异戊二烯/月桂烯共聚合的研究

采用新癸酸钕(Nd(vers)_3)/氢化二异丁基铝(Al(i-Bu)_2H)/三乙基铝(AlEt_3)/乙基倍半氯化铝(EASC)体系催化丁二烯(Bd)/异戊二烯(Ip)及Bd/Ip/月桂烯(My)共聚合.所得丁戊共聚物组成与催化剂用量无关,单体的投料量与共聚物中此单体的含量几乎呈线性关系;用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测得共聚物只有一个玻璃化转变,共聚物中Ip含量与其玻璃化转变温度(T_g)呈良好的线性关系.采用Fineman-Ross方法计算竞聚率得到r_1=1.04,r_2=1.18,Kelen-Tüdos法计算竞聚率得到r_1=1.33,r_2=1.59;r_1,r_2均接近于1,说明在此催化体系下反应可以得到无规的丁戊共聚物.利用核磁碳谱对共聚物的序列结构进行了分析和归属,采用Bernoulli模型和一级Markov模型验证共聚物的序列结构,通过比较数均序列长度,一级Markov模型计算得到的序列长度与核磁计算的实际值更接近. Bd/Ip/My三元共聚合时,所得共聚物中My单元含量随着投料比的增加而增加,其DSC曲线上只有一个玻璃化转变,T_g值随着My含量的增加而稍增加.     

NdC6H6（AlCl4）3—AlR3体系对丁二烯与异戊二烯的共聚合

报道了NdC_6H_6(AlCl_4)_3-AlR_3体系催化丁二烯与异戊二烯共聚反应的一般规律。催化活性依赖于两种单体的配比、单体浓度、烷基铝性质及聚合温度。制得的双烯共聚物具有高1,4链节结构。     

聚合温度对负载型Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合的影响

非均相TiCl₄/MgCl₂-AlR₃型Ziegler-Natta（非均相Z-N）催化剂是聚烯烃工业最重要的催化剂,经烷基铝活化的非均相Z-N催化剂具有复杂的活性中心结构,改变聚合温度、聚合时间、烷基铝种类及浓度等均会影响活性中心结构与催化性能.本文研究了不同聚合温度下TiCl₄/MgCl₂-AlEt₃（三乙基铝）催化丁二烯（Bd）和异戊二烯（Ip）的共聚合动力学,研究发现,随着聚合时间的延长,聚合活性先升高然后降低,在50℃聚合活性最高.采用核磁共振波谱（¹H NMR）、紫外荧光定硫仪和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）研究了共聚物的微观结构、活性中心数和分子量及其分布,发现随着聚合时间的延长及聚合温度的升高,活性中心数、共聚物中反式-1,4-结构、分子量及分子量分布均发生不同规律的变化.本文研究结果可为进一步理解非均相Z-N催化剂在不同聚合温度下催化共轭二烯烃聚合的动力学及其关键影响因素提供参考.     

羟基功能化高顺1,4-共轭双烯橡胶的合成

将对异戊二烯聚合具有高选择性的稀土催化剂1～5，在助催化剂有机硼盐和烷基铝的作用下，用于催化硅烷基保护的极性共轭双烯单体IP-OTBS均聚合，制得了顺式1,4-结构单元含量最高为98.5%和3,4-结构含量最高达82.2%的聚(IP-OTBS). PNP-型稀土钇催化剂2催化IP-OTBS与1,3-丁二烯(BD)、异戊二烯(IP)无规共聚合，制备出了极性基团含量分别为10.2%和16.7%的顺丁橡胶和异戊橡胶.这些极性聚合物在四丁基氟化铵的作用下脱除硅烷基保护基团，制得醇羟基功能化的顺丁橡胶和异戊橡胶.     

含内给电子体的负载型Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化乙烯-异戊二烯共聚合反应研究

乙烯与共轭双烯烃催化共聚是实现聚烯烃功能化和提高聚烯烃可降解性的新途径.本文用含有内电子给体的氯化镁负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化乙烯和异戊二烯(Ip)的共聚反应.在乙烯压力为0.1 MPa、异戊二烯初始浓度([Ip]0)≤2 mol/L条件下合成的共聚产物包含2种有显著差异的级分,一种级分的异戊二烯含量低于2 mol%且分子量较高,另一级分的异戊二烯含量大于20 mol%且分子量较低.两部分共聚物的异戊二烯单元均以反式-1,4-结构为主,共聚反应表现出很高的区域/立体选择性.随着[Ip]_0增大,共聚活性先持续增大,当[Ip]_01 mol/L时转为降低,同时高异戊二烯含量级分的比例增大,2种级分的异戊二烯含量也分别增大.相较于三异丁基铝为助催化剂的共聚反应,以三乙基铝为助催化剂时聚合活性较低,但产物的异戊二烯含量较高,分子量分布较宽.在共聚体系中加入硅氧烷外给电子体使得共聚物中高异戊二烯含量的级分显著减少,产物的组成分布变成以低异戊二烯含量共聚物为主的单峰分布.     

用均相的稀土催化剂进行丁二烯-异戊二烯本体共聚合的研究

本工作用均相的稀土催化体系Nd(naph)_3-Al(i-Bu)_2H-CH_3SiHCl_2进行了丁二烯和异成二烯的本体共聚合,研究了聚合规律和产物的结构性能.结果表明,在适当的催化剂组分比条件下,该催化体系具有较高的催化活性,用DSC测定了共聚物的玻璃化转变温度,~1H-NMR和IR分别测定了共聚物的组成和微观结构,证明共聚物的组成主要决定于单体原料的配料比,共聚物中两种单体单元都具有高顺式结构,生胶和硫化胶的性能测定表明,在丁二烯和异戊二烯两种单体的配料比为30比70时,得到的共聚胶的综合性能较好.     

用负载型钛系催化剂进行丙烯-丁二烯共聚合的研究(Ⅱ)——低丁二烯含量的共聚反应及共聚物的接枝试验

低丁二烯含量的丙烯-丁二烯混合单体在负载型钛系催化剂中发生聚合。考察了催化剂Ti浓度、Al/Ti比、苯甲酸乙酯(EB)浓度、聚合温度和聚合溶剂对共聚催化效率、共聚物中丁二烯链节含量和共聚物的比浓粘度的影响。用乙烯基单体在低丁二烯链节含量的共聚物上进行接枝试验,初步结果表明丙烯链上引入不饱和键可以提高其接枝能力。     

P-配合物对异戊二烯负离子聚合中3,4结构影响的研究

在四氢呋喃(THF)与环己烷的混合溶剂中,以正丁基锂(n-BuLi)为引发剂,选取P配合物(Pcomplex)为调节剂,实现了异戊二烯(Ip)的负离子可控聚合,得到了高3,4结构率的聚异戊二烯(PI)(78.76%).采用1H-NMR对聚合物的结构进行了表征和分析.证实了由n-BuLi引发的负离子聚合,单体插入离子对之间参与聚合的速率及聚合结构取决于正负离子对之间的尺度,该尺度与单体插入所需求的尺度相当时,插入聚合速率最快,最容易.对Ip而言,单体插入离子对之间聚合形成3,4-PI时需求的尺度最小.Pcomplex由于其同时含有与Li+同源的锂原子以及空间位阻较大的苯、萘、蒽等基团,可通过改变活性种正负离子对之间的通道尺度,有效地促进3,4聚合反应,抑制1,2和1,4聚合反应,因而有效提高了PI 3,4结构率,使得Ip的聚合变得可控.相反,升高温度可以增加正负离子对之间的尺度,使得3,4聚合结构含量减少,1,4聚合结构含量增加,但温度越高,反式含量越多.     

Copolymerization of styrene and conjugated dienes with half‐sandwich titanium(IV) catalysts: The effect of the ligand structure on the monomer reactivity,monomer sequence distribution,and insertion mode of dienes

The copolymerization of styrene and 1,3‐butadiene (Bd) or isoprene (Ip) was carried out with half‐sandwich titanium(IV) Cp′TiCl₃ catalysts (where Cp′ is cyclopentadienyl 1 , indenyl 2 , or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl 3 ) with methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst. For the copolymerization with Bd, catalyst 3 gave the copolymers containing the highest amount of Bd among the catalysts used. The resulting copolymers were composed of a styrene–Bd multiblock sequence. High melting points were observed in the copolymers prepared with catalyst 1 . The structures of hydrogenated poly(styrene‐co‐Bd) were studied by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and the long styrene sequence length was detected in the copolymers prepared with catalyst 1 . For styrene/Ip copolymerization, random copolymers were obtained. Among the used catalysts, catalyst 1 gave the copolymers containing the highest amount of Ip. The copolymers prepared with catalyst 1 showed a steep melting point depression with increasing Ip content because of the high ratio of 1,4‐inserted Ip units and/or the low molecular weights of the copolymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 939–946, 2003     

Synthesis and characterization of trans-1,4-butadiene/isoprene copolymers: Determination of sequence distribution and thermal properties

Two series of trans-1,4-poly(butadiene-co-isoprene) copolymers(TBIR) were prepared using the catalyst system Ti Cl4/Mg Cl2-Al(i-Bu)3 at different reaction temperatures. All dyad and triads sequence distributions, the number-average sequence length and the sequence concentration of the copolymers were calculated according to 13C-NMR spectra. The influences of temperature and initial molar ratio of butadiene to isoprene(Bd to Ip) on the distribution of the chain segments in the TBIR copolymers were discussed. The correlation of copolymer compositions and thermal properties were also evaluated, which facilitated the understanding of controlling the degree of crystallinity and the transition temperature by changing Bd content and temperature.     

Trans-1,4-stereospecific copolymerization of ethylene and isoprene catalyzed by MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst

Copolymerization of ethylene and isoprene (Ip) catalyzed by TiCl₄/MgCl₂-Al(i-C₄H₉)₃ catalyst was systematically studied. Homopolymer of ethylene and Ip were synthesized under the same conditions for making comparisons. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance was employed to characterize chain structure of the copolymer. Influences of Ip concentration, molar ratio of cocatalyst to Ti and reaction temperature on the copolymerization activity and copolymer chain structure were investigated. The copolymerization activity was evidently lowered by increasing Ip concentration, and the Ip content in copolymer was rather low under reaction conditions leading to higher activity. Insertions of Ip in polymer chain showed rather high regioselectivity for 1,4-connections (>85%) and medium to high stereoselectivity for trans-1,4-isomer (>70%) under typical conditions, but the regio and stereoselectivities tended to decrease with decrease in Ip concentration and increase in Al/Ti ratio. Melting temperature of the copolymer decreased with increase of Ip content, indicating incorporation of Ip units in most of the copolymer chains. This work has proved feasibility of introducing small amount of Ip units with high trans-1,4-stereoselectivity into ethylene/isoprene copolymer chains by catalyzed copolymerization with MgCl₂-supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts. The copolymer is expected to be a promising candidate of easily degradable film or packaging materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 2715–2722     

Effects of chain microstructure of butadiene-isoprene copolymers on their glass transition and crystallization

<正>A series of butadiene-isoprene copolymers(BIR) with various compositions were synthesized with a neodymiumbased catalyst system.The microstructure,composition and sequence of copolymers were characterized by FTIR and ~(13)C-NMR spectroscopy.The crystallization behavior of the BIR copolymers was investigated by DSC analysis.The results demonstrate that the content of cis-1,4 configuration in both butadiene(Bd) and isoprene(Ip) units are around 98%when Bd content in feed(f_(Bd)) covering the range from 55.7 mol%to 96.0 mol%.The reactivity ratios of Bd and Ip were determined to be 1.40 and 0.48 respectively.The random copolymers of Bd and Ip show only one glass transition temperature(T_g) from -107.4℃to -80.5℃,which is dependent on the composition and fits nicely with Fox equation.The sequence distribution followed the first-order Markov statistical model.It is found that the copolymer chains with higher Bd content contain longer polybutadiene(PBd) segments,and the sequence length of PBd segments(N_(Bd)) exhibits great influence on the crystallization behavior of the copolymer.The copolymers with N_(Bd)≥11.8 could crystallize at low temperatures(-71℃to-43℃).The crystallization temperature and enthalpy values decreased gradually with decreasing N_(Nd).The copolymers with N_(Bd)≤7.9 are amorphous even at very low temperatures(0℃to-150℃) due to the short PBd segments.     

A Novel Catalytic System—NdCl_3·HMPA/Al(i-Bu)_3 for Copolymerization of Isoprene and Styrene

Introduction Rare-earth coordination catalysts are known for their high activity and high stereospecificity in the polymerization of conjugated dienes.1-5 The copolymerization of styrene (St) with butadiene using rare earth catalyst was followed with interest soon as the rare earth coordination catalyst appeared in the early 1960s.6-14 Copolymerization of isoprene (IP) and St using coordination catalysts was reported in a few papers,10,15-18 among them only Jin et al.10 and our group18 repor…     

丁二烯气相聚合的负载型稀土催化剂研究

合成了负载型稀土催化剂,并将其用于丁二烯气相聚合.研究表明,硅胶负载Nd(naph)₃-Al(i-Bu)₃-Al(i-Bu)₂Cl催化体系具有相当高的催化活性和立体定向性,其最佳组成:n(Al)/n(Nd)=40～60,n(Cl)/n(Nd)=3～7.添加适量单体丁二烯或异戊二烯,尤其是添加丁二烯,可成倍提高催化活性,随着聚合反应的进行,其速率在10min内迅速增加并达到峰值,随后降低,动力学行为属衰减型.所得聚丁二烯的分子量在几十万至百万,凝胶含量小于6%,顺-1,4结构含量达到98%左右.     

含苄氯端基β-蒎烯大分子引发剂及嵌段共聚物的合成

在 - 40℃下 ,CH2 Cl2 中以α 氯代乙苯为引发剂 ,Ti(OiPr) 4 TiCl4复合物 (摩尔比为 1 3)为Lewis酸活化剂、nBu4NCl存在下先进行 β 蒎烯的活性聚合 ,30min后当单体转化率接近 10 0 %时 ,加入苯乙烯引发其活性聚合 .在苯乙烯低转化率 (15 %左右 )下终止反应 ,得到由 3～ 5个苯乙烯链节封端带苄氯端基的聚 β 蒎烯大分子引发剂 .1 H NMR分析表明每个大分子引发剂所带的苄氯端基数接近 1(1 1) .大分子引发剂与Ti(OiPr) 4 TiCl4复合后 ,CH2 Cl2 中 - 40℃下能顺利引发苯乙烯阳离子聚合 ,获得 β 蒎烯 苯乙烯嵌段共聚物 ;与氯化亚铜(CuCl) 2 ,2′ 联二吡啶 (bipy)复合 ,组成原子转移自由基聚合 (ATRP)引发体系 ,在甲苯中 110℃引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)自由基聚合 ,得到 β 蒎烯 MMA嵌段共聚物 ,但此时大分子引发剂的引发效率小于 10 0 %     

丙交酯-乙交酯共聚中的酯交换及共聚物结构和性质研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂 ,通过本体开环聚合合成了不同摩尔比的DL 丙交酯 乙交酯 (DL LA GA)共聚物 (PDL LGA) .1 H和1 3C NMR以及DSC结果表明 ,共聚物中GA结构单元的含量略高于按GA投料比计算的结果 ,聚合过程中存在二级酯交换反应 .当聚合温度为 16 0℃时 , GG 序列的平均长度 (lGG)随GA摩尔投料比增大而增长 ,而 LL 序列的平均长度 (lLL)则相反 .研究发现 ,随着GA摩尔投料比降低 , LL 单元的二级酯交换系数 (TⅡ[GLG])下降 ,至GA摩尔投料比达到为 5 0 %时最小 ,而后却逐渐增大 .L LA与GA在同样的条件下聚合 ,TⅡ[GLG]和lGG 都比DL LA与GA聚合的大 .聚合温度升高 ,TⅡ[GLG]增大 ,意味着二级酯交换反应加剧 ,但DL LA GA摩尔投料比较高 (75 2 5 )的共聚物的lGG 值有所下降 ,lLL值变化不大 ,而DL LA GA摩尔投料比较低 (5 0 5 0 )的共聚物的lGG值则变化不大 ,lLL值有所下降 ,说明聚合反应还受共聚单体的投料比和其它因素影响 .升高聚合温度比在较低温度下延长反应时间更有效改变共聚物的链结构 .在一定温度下聚合 ,共聚产物的Tg 随GA摩尔投料比增大而有规律降低和在氯仿中的溶解性下降 ;而DL LA GA摩尔投料比一定时 ,聚合温度对共聚物的Tg 的影响较为复杂 ,这与聚合温度对共聚物的链结构影响较大有关 .     

Ethene-1,3-butadiene copolymerizations in the presence of CpTiCl3-MAO: Relevance of the cocatalyst

Ethene-1,3-butadiene copolymerizations in the presence of CpTiCl₃/MAO catalytic system were performed. The microstructure of the obtained copolymers and the activity were reported as a function of the Al/Ti ratio. At high Al/Ti ratio prevailingly 1,4-cis butadiene homosequences were obtained, whereas, at low Al/Ti ratio, over 50% of alternating ethene-1,4-trans-butadiene was produced. The activity shows a minimum value at Al/Ti = 128.     

Reactions Between AIRCl2 and Ti (OR)4 and Activity in Diolefin Polymerization

Through the use of a Ti(OR′)₄-AlRCl₂ catalyst system, high 1,4-cis isoprene polymers and crystalline 1,4-trans polybutadiene are obtained. Neither monomer is polymerized at a Al/Ti mole ratio of less than 4. The maximum activity and stereospecificity for isoprene is observed at Al/Ti = 4. For 1,4-trans butadiene polymers the activity increases progressively with increasing Al/Ti ratio. The investigations carried out on this catalyst system show that at a AI/Ti mole ratio of 4 the formation of crystalline β-TiCl₃ takes place, while at lower ratios insoluble chloro-alkoxide derivatives of Ti^III with different compositions separate. Soluble complexes containing aluminium and titanium are initially formed before precipitation occurs. Chemical data and investigations by IR and NMR spectroscopy indicate exchange reactions between Al-Cl, Al-R, and Ti-OR groups, together with reduction of the transition metal. A reaction mechanism and a hypothesis on the nature of the active catalyst are given.