食品及环境样品中双酚类物质的前处理及检测方法研究进展

双酚类物质作为一种环境内分泌干扰物,广泛存在于食品包装材料及环境介质中,对生态环境造成污染,也对人体健康产生一定危害。双酚残留是目前重要的食品安全问题,检测食品和环境样品中的双酚类物质的含量对人体健康具有重要的意义。由于残留目标物浓度通常较低,且实际样品存在基质干扰,因此需经一定的样品前处理,并结合仪器分析方法,提高检测效率,增强分析灵敏度与可靠性。常用的前处理分析方法主要有液液萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质分散固相萃取、QuEChERS等,常用仪器分析方法包括液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、酶联免疫吸附测定法、生物传感器法等。该文综述了食品及环境样品中双酚类物质的样品前处理及仪器分析方法,为双酚类化合物的残留监测提供了参考依据。     

亲水交互作用-反相二维液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定乳制品中20种抗生素残留

建立了亲水作用-反相二维液相色谱-串联质谱测定乳制品中β-内酰胺、四环素、大环内酯、氨基糖苷、酰胺醇、喹诺酮和磺胺7类20种抗生素残留的方法.样品与C18和CN填料混合,进行基质固相分散萃取,以乙腈和水洗脱,洗脱液旋转蒸发至近干,残渣流动相溶解后分析.对样品前处理条件、色谱流动相、质谱参数进行了优化.各分析物回归方程的相关系数为0.9945 ～0.9998;以定量离子信噪比为3和10时所对应的样品中分析物浓度计算检出限和定量限,分别为0.10 ～ 2.40 μg/kg和0.33 ～ 7.92 μg/kg.奶粉和牛奶中添加水平25 μg/kg的加标回收率分别为72.5％ ～ 97.2％和70.1％ ～96.8％,相对标准偏差为4.2％ ～8.8％和3.7％ ～9.9％.本方法应用于实际样品测定,结果满意.     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测海水中抗生素多残留

本文采用固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱检测技术,建立了海水样品中抗生素多残留(氯霉素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类和四环素类)的同时测定方法。样品经PLS-3固相萃取柱富集、净化后,以液相色谱-串联质谱选择反应监测(SRM)离子模式定性,外标法定量分析。结果表明,被测组分在对应范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限(S/N=3)为1.00~10.0ng/L;以空白海水作为基质进行回收率评价,18种抗生素在不同加标浓度时的回收率范围为71.6%~117%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.04%~9.65%。将所建立的方法应用于近岸海域表层水样中目标抗生素残留的分析。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于海水中抗生素多残留的同时检测。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速测定食用油中4种酚类环境雌激素残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(SPE-UPLC-HRMS)快速测定食用油中4种痕量酚类环境雌激素(双酚S(BPS)、双酚F(BPF)、双酚A(BPA)和4-壬基酚(4-NP))的分析方法。食用油样品经乙腈涡旋提取和SLC玻璃固相萃取小柱净化后,以0.05%(v/v)三乙醇胺和甲醇溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,在电喷雾离子源负离子模式(ESI-)和选择性离子监测(SIM)模式下进行检测,内标法定量。4种目标物在各自的范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)0.999。方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOD,S/N=10)分别为0.03~0.11μg/kg和0.10~0.36μg/kg。在1.0、10.0和80.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,4种目标物的加标回收率为86.3%~96.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~8.8%(n=6)。基质效应实验表明方法在低、中、高3个浓度水平下均无明显的基质干扰。该法简便、快速,能用于食用油中双酚S、双酚F、双酚A和4-壬基酚残留的快速检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中4种新型卵菌纲杀菌剂残留

建立了蔬菜和水果中噻唑菌胺、苯噻菌胺、氟啶酰菌胺和双炔酰菌胺4种新型卵菌纲杀菌剂的分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.样品经乙腈均质提取,混合使用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)和ODSC18-N两种基质分散净化剂净化,采用液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(LC/MS/MS)检测.实验通过空白基质溶液稀释标准建立校正的...     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析蕨菜、黑米中53种农药残留量

采用分散固相萃取(Dispersive solid-phase extraction)样品前处理方法,建立了蕨菜、黑米等生态农产品中53种农药残留的气相色谱一质谱(GC-EI/MS)的分析方法.样品由含0.1%冰醋酸的乙腈提取,以环氧七氯为内标,经分散固相萃取法净化.每种农药选择了合适的离子及其驻留时间,采用气相色谱-...     

分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆-异唑草酮及其代谢物残留

建立了分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异嚼唑草酮及其代谢物RPA203328与RPA202248残留的分析方法.样品经1％甲酸-乙腈溶剂提取,氯化钠盐析后,提取液经分散固相萃取净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测.考察了提取溶剂及吸附剂种类对分析结果的影响,优化了液相色谱-质谱条件,评估了优化实验条件下的方法性能.结果表明:在玉米样品中,4种分析物的基质效应均大于10％;在土壤样品中,除RPA202248基质效应小于10％外,其余3种分析物的基质效应均大于10％.噻酮磺隆、异唑草酮及其代谢物在0.001 ～ 1.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.994 5 ～0.999 5.加标浓度在0.005 ～0.1 mg/kg范围内的回收率为72.9％～ 116.5％,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.75％ ～ 17.8％,定量下限为0.005 ～0.01 mg/kg.该方法前处理简单,分析时间短,准确度和灵敏度高,适用于玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异唑草酮及其代谢物残留的快速检测.     

分散固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中的8种青霉素残留

建立了同时测定水产品中8种青霉素(阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素C、青霉素V、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、萘夫西林、双氯西林)残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.以青霉素G-D7为内标,样品经80％乙腈水溶液提取,c18吸附剂分散固相萃取净化,超滤管过滤后进行分析.采用HyPURITY C18色谱柱,以乙腈(含0.1％甲酸)-0.1...     

全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食糖中的雌二醇

建立了全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测食糖中雌二醇含量的方法。食糖样品经水溶解后,用碱化乙腈提取,经HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析,内标法定量。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离(ESI)负离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式。雌二醇定量离子对为271.1/144.8和271.1/183.2,内标D2-雌二醇定量离子对为273.2/147.0。实验表明,经SPE柱净化后基质效应明显降低,样品中添加0.5~10 μg/kg的雌二醇,其回收率为83.9%~95.1%,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于10%。雌二醇的检出限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.5 μg/kg。该方法提取效果好,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性。     

基质固相分散-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定畜禽肉和牛奶中20种兽药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定畜禽肉和牛奶中β-内酰胺,大环内酯和氟喹诺酮类20种兽药残留的方法.样品与C18填料(粒径40～75 μm)混合,进行基质固相分散提取,以甲醇洗脱待测物,氮气吹扫,流动相溶解残余物后分析.对样品前处理条件、色谱流动相、质谱参数进行了优化.各待测物回归方程的相关系数为0.9958～0.9...     

Simultaneous determination of NOGE-related and BADGE-related compounds in canned food by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

An improved analytical method enabling rapid and accurate determination and identification of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (novolac glycidyl ether 2-ring), novolac glycidyl ether 3-ring, novolac glycidyl ether 4-ring, novolac glycidyl ether 5-ring, novolac glycidyl ether 6-ring, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether, bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether, bisphenol A bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether, and bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether in canned food and their contact packaging materials has been developed by using, for the first time, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. After comparison of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in positive and negative-ion modes, tandem mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization was chosen to carry out selective multiple reaction monitoring analysis of novolac glycidyl ethers, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives. The analysis time is only 5.5 min per run. Limits of detection varied from 0.01 to 0.20 ng g(-1) for the different target compounds on the basis of a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3; limits of quantitation were from 0.03 to 0.66 ng g(-1). The relative standard deviation for repeatability was <8.01%. Analytical recovery ranged from 87.60 to 108.93%. This method was successfully applied to twenty samples of canned food and their contact packaging materials for determination of migration of NOGE, BADGE, and their derivatives from can coatings into food.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定肉类罐头中双酚-二缩水甘油醚

建立了同时测定肉类罐头中双酚A-二缩水甘油醚(BADGE)、双酚F-二缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)及其衍生物双酚A-(2,3-二羟丙基)甘油醚(BADGE•H2O)、双酚A-双(2,3-二羟丙基)醚(BADGE•2H2O)、双酚A-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)(2,3-二羟丙基)醚(BADGE•H2O•HCl)、双酚A-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)甘油醚(BADGE•HCl)、双酚A-双(3-氯-2-羟丙基)醚(BADGE•2HCl)、双酚F-双(2,3-二羟丙基)醚(BFDGE•2H2O)、双酚F-双(3-氯-2-羟丙基)醚(BFDGE•2HCl)9种环境激素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经叔丁基甲醚提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,C18色谱柱分离,用5 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)与甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质标准校正,外标法定量。结果表明,这9种化合物在10.0～2000.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好;定量限(以信噪比≥10计)为10.0 μg/kg;在高、中、低3个加标水平下9种化合物的平均添加回收率为79.6%～100.9%,相对标准偏差为6.3%～12.1%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度,能满足法规要求的对肉类罐头中双酚A-二缩水甘油醚、双酚F-二缩水甘油醚及其衍生物残留量的快速检测及准确定量。     

Determination of bisphenol diglycidyl ether residues in canned foods by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A new confirmatory method for simultaneous determination of bisphenol diglycidyl ether residues (BADGE, BADGE.H(2)O, BADGE.2H(2)O, BADGE.H(2)O.HCl, BADGE.HCl, BADGE.2HCl, BFDGE and BFDGE.2HCl) from canned food has been developed. The proposed method includes extraction by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by liquid-liquid partition and purification by solid phase extraction (SPE). Several solvent systems and different operating conditions (time, temperature) have been investigated for PLE optimization. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-MS-MS) method was developed for the separation, quantification and confirmation. The ion source settings were optimized using a design of experiments (DOE). The optimized method was applied to the determination of these chemicals at very low levels in different samples with a quantification limit of 5 ng/g. Recoveries ranged between 82 and 101% and standard deviations were less than 10%.     

Analysis of bisphenols in soft drinks by on-line solid phase extraction fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

In this study, an automated on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to fast liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE fast LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol S (BPS) in canned soft drinks without any previous sample treatment. A C18 (12 μm particle size) loading column was used for the SPE on-line preconcentration before the liquid chromatography baseline separation of bisphenol compounds using a C18 Fused-Core™ (50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) column, which took less than 3 min. Gradient elution and heated electrospray were used to reduce matrix effect and improve ionization efficiency. To select the most intense and selective transitions, fragmentation studies were performed by multiple-stage mass spectrometry in an ion trap mass analyzer and tandem mass spectrometry in a triple quadrupole instrument, this latter instrument being used for quantitation in SRM mode. Quality parameters of the method were established and we obtained a simple, fast, reproducible (RSD values lower than 10%) and accurate (precision higher than 93%) method for the analysis of bisphenols in canned soft drinks at the ng L⁻¹ level using matrix-matched calibration.     

Fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F-diglycidyl ether and their derivatives in canned food and beverages

In this work a fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method using a C18 Fused Core™ column, was developed for the simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·H₂O), bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE·2H₂O), bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·HCl), bisphenol A bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE·2HCl) and bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)(2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether) (BADGE·HCl·H₂O) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), bisphenol F bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BFDGE·2H₂O), bisphenol F bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether (BFDGE·2HCl). The LC method was coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, using an ESI source in positive mode and using the [M+NH₄]⁺ adduct as precursor ion for tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The method developed was applied to the determination of these compounds in canned soft drinks and canned food. OASIS HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used for the analysis of soft drinks, while solid canned food was extracted with ethyl acetate. Method limits of quantitation ranged from 0.13 μg L⁻¹ to 1.6 μg L⁻¹ in soft drinks and 1.0 μg kg⁻¹ to 4.0 μg kg⁻¹ in food samples. BADGE·2H₂O was detected in all the analyzed samples, while other BADGEs such as BADGE·H₂O, BADGE·HCl·H₂O, BADGE·HCl and BADGE·2HCl were also detected in canned foods.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定小型家用电器塑料部件中双酚A

建立了小型家用电器塑料部件中双酚A的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。采用快速溶剂萃取仪对样品进行萃取,以Sep-Pak C18固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-水(含有0.05%氨水)混合液作为流动相,负离子模式下进行MS/MS检测。结果表明: 该方法在5～100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.9991。在10、25和75 μg/kg 3个添加水平下,双酚A的平均回收率为95.2%～109.7%,相对标准偏差均小于3.8%,检出限为10 μg/kg。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,适用于家用电器塑料部件中双酚A的残留分析。     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中双酚-二环氧甘油醚的迁移量

建立了测定食品接触材料中6种双酚-二环氧甘油醚(双酚A二缩水甘油醚(BADGE)及其衍生物双酚A(2,3-二羟丙基)甘油醚(BADGE•H2O)、双酚A(3-氯-2-羟丙基)甘油醚(BADGE•HCl)、双酚A(3-氯-2-羟丙基)(2,3-二羟丙基)醚(BADGE•H2O•HCl)和双酚F二缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)及其衍生物双酚F双(3-氯-2-羟丙基)甘油醚(BFDGE•2HCl))迁移到食品中的迁移量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)。样品以叔丁基甲醚(MTBE)为提取溶剂,超声提取,提取液经多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)固相萃取(SPE)柱富集、净化。以COSMOSIL C18为分析柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸的5 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液和甲醇。6种双酚-二环氧甘油醚在1.0～100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2＞0.9991)。在3个添加水平下,6种目标化合物的回收率范围为78.6%～89.9%,相对标准偏差小于10%。方法检出限范围为0.5～1.5 μg/L。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可应用于食品接触材料中双酚-二环氧甘油醚迁移量的快速检测。     

Determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned seafood combining QuEChERS extraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A new simple and reliable method combining an acetonitrile partitioning extractive procedure followed by dispersive solid-phase cleanup (QuEChERS) with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and further gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis was developed for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) in canned seafood samples. Besides the great enrichment factor provided, the final DLLME extractive step was designed in order to allow the simultaneous acetylation of the compounds required for their gas chromatographic analysis. Tetrachloroethylene was used as extractive solvent, while the acetonitrile extract obtained from QuEChERS was used as dispersive solvent, and anhydride acetic as derivatizing reagent. The main factors influencing QuEChERS and DLLME efficiency including nature of QuEChERS dispersive-SPE sorbents, amount of DLLME extractive and dispersive solvents and nature and amount of derivatizing reagent were evaluated. DLLME procedure provides an effective enrichment of the extract, allowing the required sensitivity even using a single quadropole MS as detector. The optimized method showed to be accurate (>68?% recovery), reproducible (<21?% relative standard deviation) and sensitive for the target analytes (method detection limits of 0.2?μg/kg for BPA and 0.4?μg/kg for BPB). The screening of several canned seafood samples commercialized in Portugal (total?=?47) revealed the presence of BPA in more than 83?% of the samples with levels ranging from 1.0 to 99.9?μg/kg, while BPB was found in only one sample at a level of 21.8?μg/kg.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法快速测定塑料包装饮料中双酚A

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱联用测定塑料包装饮料中双酚A残留量的检测方法. 以SEP-PAR C₁₈小柱富集饮料样品,甲醇淋洗. 采用Acquity UPLCTM BEH C₁₈液相柱分离,流动相为水和甲醇,采用梯度洗脱方式,电喷雾离子源,以负离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱分析. 在试验选定的最佳条件下,方法的检出限为0.5 μg/L,样品加标回收率为92.4%~98.4%,相对标准偏差小于8.4%.     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定化妆品中的双酚A、辛基酚及壬基酚

建立了护肤化妆品中双酚A、辛基酚和壬基酚的超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析方法。样品经二氯甲烷提取,氨基固相萃取柱净化后,用甲醇定容,采用Waters UPLC BEH C18色谱柱,以甲醇-0.05%氨水为流动相,梯度洗脱分离后,串联四极杆质谱多反应监测方式检测,以保留时间和子离子比定性,外标法定量。在优化条件下,该方法 5 min内可完成4种待测物的分析。双酚A、辛基酚和壬基酚在0.5～50.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法的定量下限(LOQs)均为0.5μg/kg;在加标水平为0.5、1.0、10.0μg/kg时,护肤霜和护肤水样品中4种待测物的平均加标回收率为80%～96%,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于15%。该方法准确、快速、灵敏,适用于护肤化妆品中双酚A、辛基酚和壬基酚的快速确认和定量检测。