BH分子X 1Σ+、A 1Π和B 1Σ+ 态的势能函数

利用SAC/SAC-CI方法，使用D95++、6-311++g及cc-PVTZ等基组，对BH分子的基态(X ¹Σ⁺)、第一简并激发态(A ¹Π)及第二激发态(B ¹Σ⁺)的平衡结构和谐振频率进行了优化计算． 通过对三个基组计算结果的比较，得出了cc-PVTZ基组为三个基组中的最优基组的结论；使用cc-PVTZ基组，利用SAC的GSUM(group sum of operators)方法对基态(X ¹Σ⁺)， SAC-CI的GSUM方法对激发态(A ¹Π 和B ¹Σ⁺)进行单点能扫描计算, 用正规方程组拟合Murrell-Sorbie函数，得到了相应电子态的完整势能函数；从得到的势能函数计算了与基态(X ¹Σ⁺)、第一简并的激发态(A ¹Π)和第二激发态(X ¹Σ⁺)相对应的光谱常数(Be、αe、ωe 和ωeχe)，结果与实验数据较为一致． 其中基态、第一激发态与实验数据吻合得较好．     

BF分子X1Σ＋, A1P和B1Σ＋态的势能函数

使用SAC/SAC-CI和D95＋＋, 6-311＋＋g, 6-311＋＋g**及D95(d)基组, 分别对BF分子的基态X¹Σ^＋、第一简并激发态A¹Π和第二激发态B¹Σ^＋的平衡结构和谐振频率进行优化计算. 对所有计算结果进行比较, 得出6-311＋＋g**基组为最优基组. 运用6-311＋＋g**基组和SAC方法对基态X¹Σ^＋, SAC-CI方法对激发态A¹Π和B¹Σ^＋进行单点能扫描计算, 并用正规方程组拟合Murrell-Sorbie函数, 得到相应电子态的势能函数解析式, 由得到的势能函数计算了与X¹Σ^＋, A¹Π和B¹Σ^＋态相对应的光谱常数, 结果与实验数据较为一致.     

C2(X1Σg+)自由基与不饱和碳氢化合物反应的温度效应

运用脉冲激光光解-激光诱导荧光(PLP-LIF)的方法在293-573 K的温度范围内测量了C₂(X¹Σ_g⁺)自由基与不饱和碳氢化合物(C₂H₄和C₂H₂)气相反应的双分子反应速率常数. 获得的速率常数可以用Arrhenius 公式表达如下(单位: cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1): k(C₂H₄)=(1.16±0.10)×10^-10exp[(290.68±9.72)/T], k(C₂H₂)=(1.36±0.02)×10^-10exp[(263.85±7.60)/T], 误差为2σ. 由获得的双分子反应速率常数及其所呈现的负温度效应, 我们认为在293-573 K温度范围内C₂(X¹Σ_g⁺)自由基和不饱和碳氢化合物的反应遵循加成机理.     

N2O+经由B2Пi←X2П跃迁的光解离机理研究

在超声分子束条件下,利用360.50 nm的电离激光使N₂O分子经由[3+1]共振增强多光子电离（REMPI）产生纯净的N₂O⁺（X²Π（000））分子离子,用另一束解离激光在230-275 nm范围扫描获得N₂O⁺经由B²П_i←X²Π跃迁产生的光解碎片（NO⁺和N₂⁺）激发（PHOFEX）谱. 获得的光解碎片激发谱可以归属为B²П_i（00n）←X²Π（000）序列跃迁. 我们分别将线性三原子分子离子N₂O⁺中N―N伸缩振动简化成NO和N之间的简谐振动,N―O伸缩振动简化成N₂和O之间的简谐振动,用谐振子的简谐势能曲线和波函数对N₂O⁺分子离子X²Π和B²П_i电子态振动能级间跃迁的Franck-Condon因子进行计算,和实验得到的碎片离子增强谱实验强度进行比较,对前人给出的分子数据（分子平衡核间距）进行验证,讨论了N₂O⁺经由B²П_i（00n）←X²Π（000）电子态跃迁的光解离机理和碎片离子的分支比.     

气相中CrO2+和H2反应的理论研究

用密度泛函UB3LYP/6-311++G(3df, 3pdpd)//6-311G(2dd, p)方法计算研究了在二重态和四重态两个势能面上的气相反应：CrO₂⁺ + H₂→CrO⁺+ H₂O. 对影响反应机理和反应速率的势能面交叉进行了讨论, 并运用Hammond 假设和Yoshizawa 等的内禀反应坐标(IRC)单点垂直激发计算的方法找出了势能面交叉点(crossing point (CP)). 运用碎片分子轨道(fragment molecular orbital(FMO))理论, 对初始复合物2IM1和4IM1的轨道相关进行了分析, 解释了CrO₂⁺活化H—H σ键及H₂迁移的机理.     

YS+(1Σ+, 3Φ)与COS气相反应: YS++COS→YS2++CO的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法研究了硫化钇离子YS⁺ (¹Σ⁺, ³Φ)与硫转移试剂COS在气相中的反应: YS⁺+COS→YS₂⁺+CO. 在单重基态和三重激发态势能面上都找到了四条反应通道. 但是除一条反应通道之外, 其他的反应机理和几何结构变化趋势在不同的势能面上有很大不同. 实验中生成YS₂⁺ 所表现出的吸热特征来自于在基态反应中的三条通道(A, B和C), 其活化势垒分别为28.3, 140.5和120.2 kJ·mol^-1. 计算结果表明硫转移反应没有双态反应活性, 因此产物YS₂⁺ 在低能量区的放热特征是由于基态反应物中还混有残留的激发态YS⁺.     

OH-与CH2ClF反应的阴离子产物通道

理论研究了羟基负离子(OH^-)与氟氯代甲烷(CH₂ClF)反应的阴离子产物通道. 分别在B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p)水平上得到反应势能面上各关键物种的优化构型, 进而计算得到谐振频率和零点能. 基于CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df,3dp)水平的相对能量, 描述了由质子转移和双分子亲核取代(S_N2)过程生成各阴离子产物的途径. 各阴离子产物途径势垒的计算结果表明质子转移过程是实验中的主要产物通道, 与以往实验测量的结论相符. 此外, 计算还显示双分子亲核取代过程得到了非典型的阴离子产物, 其中动力学效应可能会导致F^-的生成.     

OH自由基的高精度量子化学研究

采用内收缩MRCI方法(Internally Contracted Multiconfiguration-Reference Configuration Interaction)研究了OH自由基, 计算得到其基态稳定构型的键长是0.09708 nm, 对应的实验值是0.096966 nm, 第一激发态的键长是0.10137 nm,实验值是0.10121 nm. 同时得到势能曲线PECs (Potential Energy Curve), 再分别由Murrell-Sorbie势能函数拟合计算和POLFIT程序计算得到OH自由基在基态X²Π和第一激发态A²Σ⁺时的光谱数据：平衡振动频率ω_e, 非谐性常数ω_eχ_e以及高阶修正ω_eY_e, 平衡转动常数B_e, 振转耦合系数α_e, 解离能D₀和垂直跃迁能量ν₀₀. 这些理论计算结果与最新的实验值非常吻合, 精确度比前人也有很大提高. 其中我们计算得到基态OH(X²Π)的解离能D₀＝35568.86 cm^－1, 第一激发态OH (A²Σ⁺)的解离能D₀＝18953.93 cm^－1, 从第一激发态A²Σ⁺ (ν＝0)到基态X²Π (v＝0)的垂直跃迁能ν₀₀＝32496.42 cm^－1.     

PdCONaOH体系中NaOH助催化作用的理论研究

用Gaussian94程序，HF和MP2方法，LANL2DZ基组，研究了模型化合物PdCONaOH的电子结构，讨论了碱的助催化作用。结果表明碱NaOH对PdCO的助催化作用是通过Na⁺和OH^-协同作用而完成，并且其助催化效果与Na⁺和OH^-相对于PdCO的位置(距离和方向)以及Na⁺和OH^-之间的距离有关。     

气相中Y＋, Zr＋, Nb＋与CO2反应的理论研究

以Y^＋, Zr^＋, Nb^＋与CO₂反应作为第二前过渡金属离子与CO₂反应的范例体系. 采用密度泛函UB3LYP方法, 对于Y, Zr, Nb采用Stuttgart赝势基组, 对于CO₂采用6-311＋G(2d)基组, 计算研究了三种金属离子在基态和激发态时与CO₂气相反应的机理. 结果表明三种金属离子与CO₂反应以高自旋进入反应通道, 在反应过程中发生系间窜越, 以低自旋中间体和最终产物离开反应通道. 用内禀坐标单点垂直激发计算的方法找到了势能面交叉点, 并作了相应的讨论. 因为有金属离子的参与, 使单分子CO₂的强吸热分解反应变为生成CO和MO^＋的放热过程.     

N2O+离子B2П态的光谱与光解离动力学

用一束波长为360.55 nm的激光直接作用于超声射流的N₂O分子束, 通过(3+1)共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)过程制备纯净的N₂O⁺(X²П(0,0,0))母体离子, 再用另一束波长在243-278 nm范围的激光将母体离子激发至B²П态后解离. 扫描解离激光波长, 监测NO⁺离子碎片的强度, 从而获得N₂O⁺离子B²П态的光致碎片激发(PHOFEX)谱. 通过拟合转动分辨光谱, 得到了相应的转动常数和自旋分裂常数, 从而区分了A²Σ⁺态高振动能级和B²П态带源的贡献, 明确了N₂O⁺离子B²П态的光谱"带头"位置(37154 cm^-1), 并将获得的振动光谱初步归属为B²П(v₁,v₂,v₃)←X²П的振动跃迁序列. 通过对NO⁺碎片离子的飞行时间质谱峰形的分析, 还获得了解离过程中释放的平均平动能, 并结合电子激发态势能面, 讨论了N₂O⁺离子B²П态的解离机理.     

SO分子势能曲线及振动能级的从头算研究

用ab initioMRD-CI方法研究了SO分子的基态X³Σ^-及激发态a¹Δ,b¹Σ⁺,A³Π,c¹Π,d¹Σ^-的势能曲线.结果表明,前4个电子态的平衡键长与实验结果吻合得很好,振动能级和转动常数的从头算计算结果也与已观测到的数据较吻合.此外,还对同位素取代物³⁴S¹⁶O和³²S¹⁸O的振动能级和转动常数进行了讨论.     

A Theoretical Study on the Potential Energy Surface of the C3 + NO Reaction

The reaction of linear form carbon cluster C₃ molecules in their ¹Σ ground state with NO (X²Π) radicals is explored theoretically to investigate the formation of hitherto undetected NCCCO molecules in the interstellar medium via a neutral-neutral reaction. The doublet potential energy surface is worked out by the ab initio MO calculations at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)+ZPE level of theory. It is shown that the main pathway of the C₃(¹Σ)+NO(X²Π) reaction involves the N-atom of NO attacking the side C-atom of the ¹C₃ molecule first to form the adduct CCCNO, followed by the N-shift to give I6 CCNCO, and then to the main products P₁ (CCN+CO). Alternatively, I6 can be converted via the N-shift again to I9 (CN)CCO, and then it leads to the minor products P₂ (CNC+CO) and P₃ NCCCO. Since the three pathways have zero threshold energy and proceed via strongly bound energized complexes, they should possess the character of negative temperature dependence, and might be quite rapid even at very low temperature. The reaction represents facile neutral-neutral pathways to produce hitherto undetected CCN, CNC and NCCCO molecules in interstellar environments.     

B2F2分子异构体结构的量子化学计算研究

采用abinitio方法对B₂F₂分子异构体的结构进行了计算研究,并与Al₂F₂分子进行了比较.结果表明,B₂F₂具有D_∞h对称性,³Σ_g电子态的直线型结构FBBF是B₂F₂分子的最稳定异构体,对文献的结果进行了修正.在UCCSD(T,full)/6－311+G(2df)水平下,F-B和B-B键长分别为0.12942和0.14820nm,振动频率出现在1860.00和1320.62cm^-1处.在UQCISD(T,full)/6－311+G(2df)//UMP2(full)/6－311+G(d)+ZPVE水平下,³Σ_g态的线性FBBF分子的垂直电离势为848.58kJ/mol,而由³Σ_g电子态的BF二聚为³Σ_g态的线性FBBF分子的焓变为59.86kJ/mol,此二聚化反应是放热反应,说明二聚化过程在能量上是有利的.     

Structural and spectroscopic effects of vibronic coupling in the C2F radical

The lowest three (1²A^′,2²A^′,1²A^′′) potential energy surfaces of the C₂F radical have been studied at the ab initio level, using Multi Reference Configuration Interaction techniques. For linear geometries, the three surfaces correlate with a ²Π and a ²Σ⁺ state, which are very close in energy. Only the X²A^′ ground state was found to be bent, with R_CC=1.271 Å; R_CF=1.276 Å; CCF=165°, and a barrier to linearity of 275 cm⁻¹. The spin–rovibronic energy levels up to J=7/2 have been calculated using a recently developed method [Carter et al., Mol. Phys. 98 (2000) 1967]. Almost all of the resulting levels arise from a strong mixture of two out of three electronic states and their assignment is intrinsically ambiguous. A partial characterization, based on the shape of the vibronic wavefunctions, has been made.     

Autoionization spectra of Li2 and the XΣg ground state of Li2: Experimental and theoretical investigations

Autoionizing Rydberg levels of Li₂ molecules in a supersonic molecular beam are populated by stepwise excitation with two tunable pulsed dye lasers. The observed autoionization spectra show severe perturbations. Based on calculations of quantum defects and a perturbation treatment of l-uncoupling a tentative assignment of Rydberg series up to n = 32 is proposed. The convergence limits of these series yield a value of IP = 41475 cm⁻¹ for the adiabatic ionization potential and a vibrational constant ω_e = 263 cm⁻¹ for the X²Σ⁺_g ground state of Li⁺₂. The experimental results are compared with ab initio calculations combined with a core polarization potential, which yield the potential curve. the dissociation energy, the quadrupole moment and the vibrational frequency for the X²Σ⁺_g ground state of Li⁺₂, in the excellent agreement with experimental findings.     

Geometries and molecular properties of phosphaethyne cations

Franck-Condon analyses were carried out on vibrational intensity distributions of the first two photoelectron bands of phosphaethyne (HCP). The CH and CP bond lengths of HCP⁺ were found to be respectively 1.073 Å and 1.600 A in the X²π state and 1.077 Å and 1.572 Å in the A²Σ⁺ state. The calculated structural parameters were compared with those from experimental work and molecular orbital calculations. In addition, force constants for the first two lowest energy ionic states were determined from observed vibrational frequencies. Bonding properties of the ions are discussed in the light of the molecular parameters obtained.     

Electronic states and radiative transitions in LiAr

Ab initio MRD-CI calculations have been carried out on the ground and the eight lowest excited electronic states of LiAr, correlating with excited Li atom states up to 3d ²D. The ground (X²∑⁺ (2s)) and 2 ²Σ⁺ (2p) electronic states are repulsive while the higher excited states show shallow Rydberg minima. Rates of radiative bound-bound and bound-free transitions have been also calculated.     

Ab initio calculations on the multipole moments and dipole polarisabilities of the PO molecular ion (XΣ)

The potential energy, dipole, quadrupole and octopole moments and dipole polarisabilities have been calculated at CASSCF level for the ground X¹Σ⁺ state of the PO⁺ molecular ion as a function of internuclear distance. Most of the electrical properties have not previously been calculated and show rapid variations around 5 a.u. due to a perturbation. The calculated vibrational frequency of 1410.4 cm⁻¹ and the integrated IR absorption intensity of 984 cm² mol⁻¹ should lead towards the first observation of the vibrational spectrum.     

Size Dependence of Electronic Excitation Energy in Linear C2nH and C2n－1N

The geometries, bondings, and vibrational frequencies of C2nH (n = 3—9) and C2n-1N(n= 3—9) were in-vestigated by means of density functional theory (DFT). The vertical excitation energies for the X^2Ⅱ→^2Ⅱ transitions of C2nH(n= 3—9) and for the X2∑→^2Ⅱ and the X^2Ⅱ→^2Ⅱ transitions of C2n-1N (n= 3—9) have been calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT) approach. On the basis of present calculations, the explicit expression for the wavelengths of the excitation energies in linear carbon chains is suggested, namely, λ0 = [1240. 6A/(2 √-3n 6 - √-3n 3）] (1 — Be^Cn), where A = 3. 24463, B =0. 90742, and C=0. 07862 for C2nH, and A=2. 94714, B=0. 83929, and C=0. 08539 for C2n-1N. In consid-eration of a comparison of the theory with the experiment, both the expressions are modified as λ1 = 0. 92 (λ0 100) and λ1 =0. 95(λ0-90) for C2nH and C2n-1N, respectively.