桥位二级胺基取代的苝二酰亚胺的合成及其能级结构研究

通过简易的乌尔曼反应, 合成出了一系列桥位二级胺基取代的苝二酰亚胺衍生物2a～2d, 并对其能级结构进行了表征. 紫外-可见光吸收光谱表明, 桥位经过二级胺基取代后苝二酰亚胺的带隙变窄, 最大吸收峰出现了100 nm以上的红移, 从而使吸收范围覆盖到了近红外区. 循环伏安测试表明, 桥位经过二级胺基取代后的苝二酰亚胺同时呈现出可逆的还原峰和氧化峰, HOMO能级大幅上升, 具有双极性半导体特性. 初步探讨了桥位吗啡啉基团取代的苝二酰亚胺2d在有机光伏器件中的应用, 证明其既可以用作电子受体, 也可以用作电子给体.     

受体型有机光伏材料苝二酰亚胺*

苝二酰亚胺作为一种典型的n型材料,具有可见光区强吸收、光和热稳定性较高等突出优点,近年来应用到有机光伏达电池中。本文介绍了苝二酰亚胺及其各种衍生物的结构和性质,综述了其用作有机光伏受体材料（包括小分子型苝二酰亚胺材料、含苝二酰亚胺受体单元的给体-受体双功能分子和含苝二酰亚胺受体单元的给体-受体双缆型聚合物材料）的最新研究进展。     

不同氟取代基对苝酰亚胺电子迁移率的影响

利用空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)法测试了二种氟代苝酰亚胺的电子迁移率, 一种是N,N'-二(五氟代苯基)-3,4,9,10-苝四羧基二酰亚胺(1), 另一种是N,N'-二(1,1-二氢十五氟代辛基)-3,4,9,10-苝四羧基二酰亚胺(2). 结果发现, 化合物2的电子迁移率要比1高1～2个数量级. UV-Vis, XRD, SEM和AFM等表征手段证明, 这一现象可以用不同的氟取代基导致不同的聚集态结构来解释: 对于化合物1而言, 苯环平面与苝环平面之间存在大的夹角, 破坏了苝酰亚胺分子的平面性, 再加上刚性的氟代苯环大的空间位阻作用, 化合物1分子无法依靠相邻苝环之间的重叠排列而结晶, 只能无序堆积形成非晶膜; 与之相反, 在化合物2分子中苝环上的端基是柔性的锯齿状氟代烷基链, 空间位阻小, 化合物2分子能通过相邻苝环之间相互接近而形成的π-π偶合作用而结晶, 因此有利于电子在苝酰亚胺分子间的跳跃传输.     

苝二酰亚胺衍生物/三联吡啶铂配合物超分子在G-四链体检测中的应用

合成了3种三联吡啶铂(Ⅱ)配合物(Pt1、Pt2、Pt3)和两种苝二酰亚胺衍生物(PDI1、PDI2),构建了三联吡啶铂配合物/苝二酰亚胺衍生物超分子体系。所得超分子体系可作为"turn-on"型荧光传感器用于检测c-myc G-四链体。三联吡啶铂配合物可通过电子转移作用猝灭苝二酰亚胺的荧光,利用最小二乘法求得三联吡啶铂配合物与PDIs的结合常数为5.57×104~5.28×106 L/mol。加入G-四链体后,三联吡啶铂配合物/苝二酰亚胺超分子发生解离,苝二酰亚胺衍生物的荧光得到恢复。在Pt2/PDI2体系中加入1.5μmol/L c-myc G-四链体可使其荧光增强63倍。在c-myc的浓度为25nmol/L~1.0μmol/L范围内,Pt2/PDI2超分子体系荧光增强(F/F0)与c-myc的浓度呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.995),检测限为1.37nmol/L,表明Pt2/PDI2超分子体系可用于检测c-myc序列DNA。     

可溶性苝四羧酸二酰亚胺发光材料的合成及表征

以苝四酸酐为原料合成了1,7-二溴-3,4,9,10-苝四酸酐(PeryBr₂)、N,N′-二(十二烷基)-1,7-二溴-3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺(DD-PeryBr₂)和N,N′-二(十二烷基)-1,7-二对叔丁基苯氧基-3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺(DD-PeryBp₂) 3种苝四羧酸二酰亚胺类化合物,并对其结构和性能利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、傅立叶红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱、热分析和荧光光谱测试技术进行了表征和测试。 结果表明,DD-PeryBp₂能很好的溶于甲苯、氯仿、四氢呋喃等常用有机溶剂。 紫外可见最大吸收波长和荧光最大发射波长分别为548和576 nm。 DD-PeryBp₂具有很好的热稳定性,质量损失5%时的温度为433 ℃。     

苝二酰亚胺聚合物受体设计及在全聚合物太阳能电池中的应用

二元或多元聚合物组成的本体异质结具备高度稳定的微相分离形貌,带来潜在的器件寿命和稳定性方面的巨大优势,全聚合物活性层器件因而成为有机太阳能电池的重要发展方向和研究内容.本文系统介绍近年来苝二酰亚胺类聚合物受体的研究进展,以及将这类聚合物受体应用于全聚合物太阳能电池所取得的重要成果.通过多种不同共聚单元结构的设计和筛选、主链和侧链化学结构的调控和优化,获得了一系列性能优越的苝二酰亚胺聚合物受体,这些材料的运用大幅度地提升了全聚合物太阳能电池的能量转化效率.相关的研究数据和结果也为后续酰亚胺类聚合物受体的设计开发、全聚合物本体异质结活性层的形貌特征和光电转化机制的分析和研究,以及全聚合物太阳能电池器件性能的优化和提升提供了良好的实验基础.     

酰胺与酰亚胺类n型有机半导体材料的研究进展

有机半导体材料具有来源丰富、化学结构可裁剪、柔韧性较高、器件制备温度低和塑料衬底兼容性好等优点, 极大地拓展了电子器件的功能与应用. 然而, 电子传输型(n型)有机半导体在分子多样性、载流子迁移率和空气稳定性方面远远落后于空穴传输型(p型)半导体, 从而阻碍了双极晶体管、p-n结和有机互补电路的发展. 酰胺或酰亚胺功能化能显著提高有机材料的电子亲和势, 是构建高性能n型有机半导体的重要策略. 本综述总结了近年来萘二酰亚胺类、苝二酰亚胺类、吡咯并吡咯二酮类、异靛蓝类和其他酰胺/酰亚胺类小分子和聚合物n型有机半导体材料的研究进展, 从分子设计角度出发, 深入讨论了分子结构如何改变分子前线轨道能级、分子间相互作用力、聚集态结构、器件稳定性和电学性能, 最后对其未来的发展方向和面临的挑战进行了展望.     

芳基桥联的二薁二酰亚胺的设计合成及场效应晶体管性能研究

在本工作中,发展了一种新的合成策略,利用薁各位点的反应活性差异选择性地在薁的1-位进行官能团化,合成了由苯环（B）或噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩基团（TT）桥联的二薁二酰亚胺化合物AzAzBDI-1、AzAzBDI-2和AzAzTTDI.AzAzBDI-2的单晶结构显示其具有扭曲的共轭骨架,相邻的两个分子通过分子间薁的七元环和五元环的π-π相互作用形成二聚体,二聚体与二聚体之间通过强的π-π相互作用形成滑移的一维堆积.用紫外-可见光吸收光谱和循环伏安法对三个化合物的光谱和电化学性质进行表征,计算出各分子的轨道能级和带隙.基于三个化合物的有机场效应晶体管器件（OFET）均表现出n-型主导的双极性有机半导体特性.其中AzAzTTDI表现出最优的OFET性能,其电子和空穴迁移率分别为0.087 cm²·V^－1·s^－1和8.8×10^－3 cm²·V^－1·s^－1.     

非富勒烯类有机小分子受体材料

富勒烯及其衍生物因具有多维电荷传输特性和与给体材料形成独特的相分离结构等特点,在有机光伏领域占据主导地位。然而,富勒烯类受体材料本身也有一些难以克服的缺点,如可见光范围内吸收能力弱、修饰困难、成本高等,进而限制了器件性能的提高和规模化使用。非富勒烯类小分子受体材料的研究引起越来越多的重视。研究者可借助丰富的化学手段,设计合成出具有特定聚集态形貌和优异性能的有机小分子及其寡聚物。本文总结了近几年关于苝四甲酰二亚胺类、吡咯并吡咯二酮类、苯并噻二唑类等几类性能相对优异的非富勒烯类有机小分子受体材料的最新研究进展,从分子结构上对其性能进行了剖析,对高性能受体材料的设计合成具有一定的指导意义。最后,讨论了提高非富勒烯类有机小分子受体材料器件性能的主要因素及其研究前景。     

氟代位置对苝酰亚胺聚集态结构和电子传输性能的影响

合成了三种新型的有机电子受体: N,N'-二(2-氟代苯基)-3,4,9,10-苝四羧基二酰亚胺(D2MFPP)、N,N'-二(3-氟代苯基)-3,4,9,10-苝四羧基二酰亚胺(D3MFPP)和N,N'-二(4-氟代苯基)-3,4,9,10-苝四羧基二酰亚胺(D4MFPP). 利用元素分析、傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)等方法表征了它们的分子结构, 用紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等手段研究了氟代位置对苝酰亚胺薄膜聚集态结构的影响, 发现氟代使苝酰亚胺的聚集态发生变化, 且不同位置的氟代对其影响也不一样. 除了分子结构的影响, 外场条件也会产生很大的作用. 通过制备场效应晶体管研究了其电子传输性能, 发现氟代后器件的空气稳定性有明显提高.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.