导电水凝胶基柔性电子传感系统——柔性电子创新实验设计

导电水凝胶兼具生物医用材料和导电材料特征,可应用于医疗康复、运动监测和人机交互等领域。为提高柔性电子学专业本科生的创新意识与实验技能,本实验设计了一种纳米凝胶材料交联的导电水凝胶,通过探索加聚型水凝胶聚合过程中引发剂浓度和交联机制,阐明材料结构组分对水凝胶基柔性电子器件使用耐久性能及传感性能的影响。通过创新实验设计,柔性电子学专业本科生可以学习到高分子乳液聚合、水凝胶制备以及应力应变传感性能表征等知识点,深入理解交联剂结构设计对材料功能性的影响。此外,本实验还设计了基于水凝胶柔性电子传感器的可穿戴传感系统,通过集成可控制小车移动的智能手套,以及用于控制电脑游戏的水凝胶控制器,将前沿科研与本科实验教学任务紧密结合,有利于激发柔性电子、材料、电子信息等专业本科生对于科研的兴趣和创新探索的科研精神。     

基于天然高分子的导电材料制备及其在柔性传感器件中的应用

天然高分子材料具有来源广泛、化学成分多样、生物相容性和生物降解性良好等优势,是一类绿色可持续再生资源.近年来,基于天然高分子的绿色柔性传感器件研究受到了国内外学者的广泛关注,并取得了长足的进展.本文以天然高分子导电材料为主线,总结了基于天然高分子制备导电材料的模板法和掺杂法.模板法直接以天然高分子材料的天然骨架结构作为基质,而掺杂法以天然高分子材料处理后的产物或衍生物作为基质.归纳了基于天然高分子的柔性导电材料在湿度、温度、应变、气流/气体、光、生物传感器件中应用的研究进展,最后展望了基于天然高分子的柔性导电材料在设计和组装柔性传感器方面的前景,为高效发展绿色柔性电子和天然高分子材料的高值化利用提供新思路.     

聚合物加工中微纳导电网络构筑及其传感器应用研究进展

设计和构筑有序微纳结构导电网络是聚合物基导电复合材料(CPC)加工中的关键问题,对于降低复合材料的逾渗阈值,提高其电导率和电阻响应灵敏性具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来CPC材料加工中利用双逾渗网络构筑法、隔离结构构筑法、气凝胶模板法、乳液模板法、3D打印法在聚合物基体中构建微纳导电网络及其在柔性传感器中的应用研究进展,并对未来CPC材料及其柔性传感器制备的加工新方法进行了展望。     

高分子基导电复合材料气敏响应机理研究

高分子基气敏导电材料是近年来发展起来的一种新型功能高分子复合材料.本文介绍了以炭黑(CB)为导电填充剂的复合传感材料的气敏响应机理的体积膨胀模型、结晶模型和氢键模型,并讨论了逾渗阀值、CB及聚合物微观结构与性能、以及CB与聚合物和溶剂三者之间相互作用等因素对该类材料气敏响应性的影响.     

具有隔离结构的导电高分子复合材料的研究进展

导电高分子复合材料(Conductive Polymer Composites,CPCs)研究的重点和热点之一是如何控制导电粒子的分布,有效降低CPCs逾渗值,提高CPCs综合性能,其中具有隔离结构的CPCs因能大大降低复合材料的逾渗值而受到研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了制备隔离结构CPCs的方法,包括机械共混法、溶液共混法、乳液法等,分析了此类材料具有较低逾渗值的机理,总结了此类材料对温度、溶剂等外场的响应规律。根据复合材料微观结构指出提高此类材料力学性能是推进此类材料应用的关键。     

高分子基金属复合材料的前沿应用

高分子基金属复合材料作为一种具有独特物理属性的功能材料,兼具金属的高导电导热性以及加工便利性。近年来,高分子基金属复合材料成为科技前沿热点。复合材料不仅在芯片堆叠、集成电路和系统集成等高精度封装中实现技术突破,而且为医疗传感装置、柔性显示屏和软体机器人的开发提供了新思路。本文系统介绍了高分子基金属复合材料,从工作性能、应用概况及市场分析等方面总结其在电子封装、柔性显示、医疗传感和电磁屏蔽领域的的研究现状。     

基于微纳结构的高灵敏度柔性压力传感器

近年来,随着互联网和人工智能的发展和普及,轻薄便捷、电子性能优异的柔性压力传感器作为可穿戴电子设备的核心器件,拥有了越来越广阔的市场。柔性压力传感器具有灵活柔韧、可折叠、传感性能优异等优点,因而在电子皮肤、运动检测、医疗监测和人机界面等方面已引起广泛的关注。构筑微纳结构是提高压力传感器灵敏度和传感性能的关键。基于此,本文首先总结了高灵敏度压力传感器的传感机制(压阻式、电容式、压电式和摩擦电式)和关键性能参数(灵敏度、压力检测范围、检测限、响应/恢复时间、循环稳定性和线性度等),然后归纳了利用基材构建表面微纳结构(微凸结构、荆棘结构和褶皱结构)和利用导电材料构建微纳结构(微球结构、海胆状结构、蜂窝状结构)的柔性压力传感器的研究进展及其优缺点,总结了基于微纳结构的高灵敏度柔性压力传感器在脉搏监测、电子皮肤、运动检测和人机界面等方面的应用现状。最后,从今后应用的角度出发,概述了高灵敏度柔性压力传感器即将面临的挑战及未来发展方向。     

基于3D导电材料的柔性应力/应变传感器

柔性应力/应变传感器作为智能可穿戴设备的重要组成部分,在人体运动检测、健康监测、机器人和电子皮肤等方面得到了广泛应用。其中,3D导电材料(如气凝胶、海绵和泡沫等)不仅拥有3D互连微结构,还具有优异的可压缩性和导电性,在一定程度上解决了传感器同时拥有高灵敏度和宽检测限的难题。本文根据制备3D导电材料的原材料将其划分为生物质材料、碳材料、聚合物材料、金属纳米材料以及MXene材料五种类型;并总结了3D导电材料的制备方法及其在传感器应用领域的创新与发展;最后讨论了基于3D导电材料的柔性应力/应变传感器的发展前景。     

具有隔离结构的聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电磁屏蔽性能

通过共挤出包覆-热压法制备了具有隔离结构的聚丙烯(PP)/碳纳米管(CNTs)电磁屏蔽复合材料。 其中,CNTs随机分布于PP基体中形成导电相,该导电复合物作为包覆层包敷在纯PP颗粒表面,形成包覆复合粒子,经热压后形成隔离导电网络。 结果表明,所制备的隔离结构复合材料呈现良好的导电性能,可获得较低的导电逾渗值0.28%(体积分数);在CNTs质量分数为5.6%时,该复合材料电磁屏蔽性能达到25.6 dB,同时具有良好的力学性能。 本文结果表明,共挤出包覆-热压法制备隔离结构导电复合材料方法简单可控、绿色环保,对开发高性能电磁屏蔽复合材料具有重要指导意义。     

复合材料柔软性对倒金字塔微结构阵列传感器性能的影响

采用模压成型方法制备了2种柔软性不同的热塑性聚氨酯/短切碳纤维/碳纳米管(TPU/SCF-CNT)复合材料复制物, 其表面上具有倒金字塔微结构阵列, 内部有SCF与CNT共同构成的导电通路. 将复合材料复制物和相应的复合材料平整片封装成柔性传感器. 结果表明, 压力作用下传感器内复制物和平整片之间的接触电阻因倒金字塔底棱的形变而显著降低. 对使用柔软性较高的复合材料封装的传感器, 虽然其相对迟滞稍大, 但压力作用下倒金字塔底棱形变量较大, 且复制物和平整片内导电通路增加量较大, 因此其在0~2.5 kPa的线性区内具有较高的灵敏度(0.32 kPa^?1). 制备的2种传感器均具有快速响应特性, 且能在500 s(约1580次)的循环压缩/释放测试(峰值压力约3 kPa)中保持较稳定的电阻响应. 研究表明, 利用模压成型的表面倒金字塔结构复合材料复制物封装成的柔性压力传感器具有良好的传感性能.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.