二羟丙茶碱的极谱测定法研究

本文提出了一个测定二羟丙茶碱的单扫描极谱法。在用溴水氧化后,加入适量的甲酸除去过量的溴,在0.05mol/L硫酸介质中,在-0.63V处出现导数波。测定的浓度范围为5×10~(-6)～1.6×10~(-4)mol/L,检出下限7×10~(-7)mol/L,相对标准偏差1.44％,平均回收率96.3％。方法简便、迅速。我们还进行了溴与被测物的氧化反应、极谱波性质及反应机理的研究。     

丙酸睾丸素的单扫描示波极谱测定及其电极反应机理研究

本文研究了丙酸睾丸素的单扫描示波极谱测定法及其电极反应机理。在pH6.5的B-R缓冲溶液中,丙酸睾丸素于电位-1.40V(vs.SCE)处产生一个灵敏的极谱还原峰,峰电流与浓度在2.7×10~(-7)～4.5×10~(-5)mol/L范围内成线性关系。检测限达1.0×10~(-7)mol/L。方法用于分析注射液样品结果满意。     

结晶紫极谱行为研究

研究了在HOAc-NaOAc(pH 5.6)缓冲溶液中,结晶紫的极谱行为和极谱波的性质。结晶紫在-0.92 V(vs.SCE)处产生良好的极谱波,并记录了Ip″对电极电位的极谱图。研究结果显示I″p与结晶紫浓度在1.0×10-6~1.6×10-5mol.L-1之间呈线性关系,反应的最佳pH范围为5.3~5.8,采用单扫描极谱方法研究了结晶紫的极谱行为,证明了该波为不可逆还原吸附波,电子转移数和质子转移数均为2,探讨了电极反应机理。     

铕(Ⅲ)-钙试剂络合物吸附波及其应用研究

用线性扫描极谱法研究了在氨-氯化铵缓冲体系中Eu(Ⅲ)-钙试剂络合物的极谱行为。在pH10.2的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲介质中,Eu(Ⅲ)-钙试剂络合物在-0.82V(vs.SCE)处有一灵敏的导数极谱波,其峰电流与Eu(Ⅲ)的浓度在1.0×10-7~8.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为9.0×10-8mol/L。方法可用于试样中痕量铕的测定。本文还研究了极谱波的性质。     

复方枳术丸的化学研究——(Ⅳ)白术中羟基苍术内酯的极谱测定

本文报道一种测定中药白术中羟基苍术内酯(Ⅰ)的单扫描示波极谱方法。在0.2mol/LNH_4Cl-4%乙醇溶液(pH5±1)中,Ⅰ有一灵敏的极谱还原波,峰电位为-0.90V(vs.SCE),峰高与Ⅰ浓度在8×10~(-8)～1.6×10~(-6)mol/L范围内有线性关系。应用本方法测定生,炒白术中Ⅰ的含量,结果令人满意。该波是由于Ⅰ中丁烯羟酸内酯环还原所致,其电极反应为四电子不可逆过程。     

胆绿素在甲醇—水混合溶液中的电化学行为研究

在甲醇-水混和溶液中。胆绿素可在-0.90 V(vs.SCE)左右产生一灵敏的极谱波,该波波高与胆绿素在8×10~(-8)～1×10~(-6)mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其检出限为4×10~(-8)mol/L。因此,该波可用于胆绿素的测定。本文采用多种电化学方法对胆绿素的极谱波性质进行了研究,发现此波为一与氧有关的吸附催化波。     

稀土-偶氮硝羧的极谱络合吸附波

本文研究了钕-偶氮硝羧的示波极谱络合吸附波和镧-偶氮硝羧的微分脉冲极谱波。示波极谱络合吸附波可测5×10~(-7)—8×10~(-6)M的钕,微分脉冲极谱波可测1×10~(-8)—1×10~(-6)M的镧,测定了水培黄瓜叶中镧的含量。实验证明了偶氮硝羧及钕-偶氮硝羧络合物的吸附性质,讨论了络合物吸附波的电极还原机理。     

硫化物的极谱分析

本文对硫化物的极谱分析进行了回顾。在氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、二乙胺和乙二胺碱性溶液中,在硫离子存在下套出现灵敏的吸附波。采用单扫描极谱法、极谱沉淀膜吸附波、导数脉冲极谱法和阴极溶出伏安法等方法能够测定3×10~(-3)至1.9×10~(-9)mol的硫离子。这些方去已被应用于废水、河水、血清、纯金属和化学试剂中硫离子的测定。本文收集参考文献42篇。     

锑(Ⅲ)-5-Br-PADAP极谱络合吸附波研究

在0.20mol/L甲酸盐缓冲溶液(pH3.8)中,Sb(Ⅲ)-5-Br-PADAP络合物在单扫示波极谱仪上产生一良好的极谱波,峰电位-0.53V(vs.SCE),峰电流与锑浓度在4.1×10~(-8)～8.2×10~(-6)mol/L范围内呈线性关系。实验表明,该波属于络合吸附波。方法已应用于铜合金中锑的测定。     

催化极谱法测定痕量钴[丁二酮肟-NaNO_2-NH_4Cl(pH7-8)体系]

在丁二酮肟、亚硝酸钠及氯化铵的微氨性(pH7—8)溶液中,钴能产生一个高灵敏度的极谱催化波(E_p=-1.2伏)。峰电流与钴浓度在一定范围内成正比。在单扫描示波极谱仪上可测定钴1×10~(?)—1×10~(?)M;普通极谱仪上可     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.