基于太赫兹时域光谱技术与PCA-BPN网络的转基因大豆鉴别（英文）

基于太赫兹波段内的光谱分析技术以及主成分特性分析与反向前馈神经网络建模,提出了一种转基因大豆鉴别方法.从光谱数据中提取累计方差贡献率达到97.582%的前8种主成分因子,并将其作为输入源导入神经网络模型,通过剔除冗余数据、降低数据维数,所建立的神经网络模型能准确识别校验集.该方法可以实现转基因大豆的快速、无损检测,在农业安全领域有广泛的应用前景.     

近红外光谱结合主成分分析和BP神经网络的转基因大豆无损鉴别研究

为探究无损鉴别转基因大豆的可行性,利用近红外光谱分析仪对大豆扫描得到反射光谱,应用主成分分析结合BP神经网络方法进行分析鉴别。首先应用主成分分析法,得到包含大豆99.03%的光谱信息的6个主成分,再将其作为BP神经网络的输入,对应的大豆种类作为输出,建立一个三层BP神经网络模型。该模型对于转基因大豆的正确识别率为100%,说明近红外光谱结合主成分分析和BP神经网络的方法能无损快速准确地鉴别转基因大豆。     

基于太赫兹时域光谱系统的转基因棉花种子主成分特性分析

运用太赫兹时域光谱技术对8种转基因棉花种子进行了探测研究.测量了转基因棉花种子在0.3~1.5THz频率范围的特征吸收谱,基于光谱分析,对比了8种转基因棉花种子吸收光谱的异同,并采用主成分分析法对其做了定性分析,得到了光谱分析的相关数据.提取了三种主成分因子,前三种主成分的累计方差贡献率达到了71.537%,从主成分得分图中可以明显区分不同类别的转基因棉花种子.太赫兹时域光谱技术能够实现对转基因棉花种子的无损检测,在农业选种、农业安全等领域将有广阔的应用价值.     

基于中红外光谱技术鉴别转基因大豆的方法研究

转基因技术对于实现粮食增产,保护生物多样性,减少化学农药使用量等方面有着重大意义,但也可能存在一定的安全隐患。因此,转基因作物检测鉴别技术的研究愈发受到重视。本文采用中红外光谱分析技术,研究对不同品种的转基因大豆及其亲本进行鉴别的可行性。实验采集了三种不同的非转基因大豆亲本(HC6, JACK和W82)及其转基因大豆品种在3 818～734 cm-1范围内的光谱信息。采用偏最小二乘-判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)进行判别分析,三种大豆的建模集的判别正确率分别为96.67%, 96.67%和83.33%,预测集的判别正确率分别为83.33%, 85%和85%。研究中采用X-loading weights、变量投影重要性(variable importance in the projection,VIP)和二阶导数(second derivative,2-Der)三种特征波数选择方法对光谱数据进行处理,并根据得到的特征波数分别建立PLS-DA模型进行判别分析,三种大豆的建模集和预测集的判别正确率均超过76.67%和75%。采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和独立组分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)两种特征信息提取方法对光谱数据进行处理,分别建立PCA-PLS-DA和ICA-PLS-DA模型进行判别分析,三种大豆的建模集和预测集的判别正确率均超过80%和75%。研究表明中红外光谱分析技术可以较为准确地鉴别非转基因亲本与转基因品种,为转基因大豆的无损鉴别提供新的思路。同时结合特征波数选择方法与特征信息提取方法可以有效地降低模型复杂度,减少程序运算量。     

大豆叶面积指数的高光谱估算方法比较

叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是重要的生物物理参数,亦是各种生态模型、生产力模型以及碳循环研究等的重要生物物理参量,因此具有重要的研究意义。通过分析大量实测数据,选用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)和比值植被指数(ratio vegetation index,RVI)、主成分分析(principcal component analysis, PCA)、神经网络(neural network NN)三种方法对大豆使LAI进行了估算,比较分析了三种方法的估算结果。研究结果表明,植被指数法(NDVI,RVI),主成分分析,神经网络方法LAI都取得了较为理想的结果,验证模型的确定性系数分别达0.758和0.753, 0.954, 0.899,其中主成分分析方法和神经网络方法精度较高,主成分分析方法验证模型的稳定性更好,其验证模型的RMSE为0.267,明显低于两个植被指数(NDVI和RVI的RMSE分别为0.594和0.616)和神经网络(RMSE=0.413)。当叶面积指数较小时,植被指数能够较好地去除土壤、大气等条件影响,并精确估算LAI;当叶面积指数较大时,主成分分析能够弥补植被指数饱和的缺陷,得到很好的LAI估算效果。神经网络受LAI大小的影响效果居中,其对叶面积指数较小和较大时具有一致的估算效果,具有较好的应用潜力。     

基于紫外拉曼光谱的转基因大豆油快速识别方法研究

转基因技术对实现作物增产增质,降低农药使用量,降低生产成本等具有重要作用,但对生态环境也存在一定的潜在威胁。为了防止转基因大豆在食品化中的滥用,对转基因产品快速鉴别技术的研究尤为迫切。紫外拉曼光谱检测技术具备外场远距离无损遥测检测,简单高效,快速准确等优点,可有效用于物质遥测鉴别领域。基于紫外拉曼光谱的转基因/非转基因大豆油以及与其他类别食用油鉴别方法,采集了五种不同食用油(两种品牌转基因/非转基因大豆油各500组样本和一种稻米油100组样本,共2 100组样本)在3 500~400 cm-1(268~293 nm)范围内的日盲紫外拉曼光谱信息,为提高光谱数据的信噪比并保证分类识别的准确性,对上述光谱数据采用Savitzky-Golay滤波降噪、基于自适应迭代加权惩罚最小二乘法(airPLS)的基线校正以及多元散射校正(MSC)的光谱数据修正等预处理。根据大豆油的紫外拉曼指纹图谱,分析出主要化学成分包含脂肪类、蛋白质类、酰胺类。将每种大豆油样本按1∶1划分为训练集和测试集,输入训练集数据至支持向量机(SVM)进行训练,采用10折交叉验证建立最佳模型,识别准确率达99.81%,对转基因大豆油的判别效果显著;采用主成分分析法(PCA)进行数据降维处理,提取出8个主成分,累计贡献率为74.84%,可代表大部分原始数据特征。在此基础上,将预处理后的光谱数据按4∶1划分为训练集和测试集,采用偏最小二乘回归判别分析方法(PLS-DA),结合10折交叉验证法建立全谱的最佳PLS-DA模型(判别阈值设置为0.5),判别准确率达到70.95%。研究表明,紫外拉曼光谱分析方法可较为准确地鉴别非转基因/转基因大豆油,同时可鉴别大豆油与稻米油,实现对转基因大豆食品的快速无损鉴别,可望成为转基因大豆油及其食品的现场检测新的技术途径,对推动转基因产品遥测鉴别技术的发展具有进步意义。     

一种新的线性神经网络多组分分析法及其在VC银翘片NIR定量分析中的应用

用红外光谱仪测量了VC银翘片的近红外谱图,然后将主成分分析法(PCA)和线性神经网络结合,分析VC银翘片中的对乙酰氨基酚和维生素C的含量。讨论了主成分数的选择及影响神经网络的各参数。为了比较算法的性能,作者又分别采用了偏最小二乘法、主成分分析结合BP神经网络进行数据处理。实验及数据处理结果表明,在3种多组分分析方法中,主成分分析结合线性神经网络的方法具有最高的预测精度。     

可见/近红外光谱分析技术快速鉴别航天育种番茄

提出了利用可见/近红外光谱技术快速无损鉴别航天育种番茄品种的方法,采用偏最小二乘法对光谱特征信息进行提取,与神经网络结合建立番茄品种的鉴别模型.该模型将提取后的主成分作为神经网络的输入,加速了神经网络的训练速度.同时采用小波变换对大量光谱数据进行压缩,并结合神经网络建立番茄品种鉴别模型,该模型将压缩后的数据作为神经网络...     

基于可见-近红外光谱技术的葡萄酒真伪鉴别的研究

研究收集了不同品牌的90个葡萄酒样品,为了消除各光谱基线不同带来的影响,对所有光谱曲线都进行了一阶求导,以一阶导数谱线作为有效数据,通过独立主成分(PC)分析可知,前两个主成分的贡献率达到80%以上,主成分聚类使得真伪葡萄酒样品明显分为两类;以前四个主成分作为BP神经网络的输入建立了一个三层人工神经网络的识别模型,该模型对葡萄酒样品的预测识别率达到100%。研究表明,可见-近红外透射光谱结合主成分分析建立的BP神经网络模型能为快速、无损鉴别葡萄酒真伪提供一种准确可靠的新方法。     

应用可见-近红外光谱技术进行白醋品牌和pH值的快速检测

提出了一种基于可见-近红外透射光谱技术快速判别白醋品牌和测定pH值的方法。应用可见-近红外透射光谱获取不同品牌白醋的透射光谱曲线,并对获得的原始光谱数据进行平滑、变量标准化以及一阶导数等预处理,然后利用主成分分析对原始光谱数据进行聚类分析,根据主成分的累计贡献率选取主成分数,并将所选取的主成分作为三层BP神经网络的输入。通过定标集样本对BP神经网络进行训练,得到三层优化神经网络结构：5输入层节点,6隐含层节点和2输出层节点,各层传递函数均采用Sigmoid函数。利用该模型对预测集样本进行预测。实验结果表明在阈值设定为±0.1的情况下该模型对预测集样本品牌鉴别准确率达到了100%,pH预测值与实际测量值偏差小于5%,得到了理想的结果。所以利用可见-近红外光谱技术结合主成分分析和神经网络算法能够快速准确的判定白醋品牌和pH值。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.