耦合器分光比的精确控制

利用矩形近似理论对用熔锥法制作的耦合器分光比进行了分析。结果表明,影响分光比的主要因素为耦合区长度。给出了两者间变化的理论公式,并在实验中得到了证实。CorningSMF28光纤耦合器分光比随耦合区长度变化的实验值为0 04%/μm,实验值与理论值基本一致。通过调节耦合区长度,得到了精确的50∶50分光比的光纤耦合器。     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析EI北大核心CSCD

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

1×7锥形混合棒塑料光纤耦合器

利用光线追迹法进行数值仿真得到了锥形混合棒塑料光纤耦合器的分光比与其长度的关系.数值仿真表明:这种耦合器的分光比随锥形光波导长度增加,在0.143(即均分处)上下呈振荡型变化.选择一均分且分光比变化平缓的区域作为制作光波导的长度,通过拉伸粗的光波导棒成锥形且达到所需的长度,并采用精密的机械连接,制作出了1×7塑料光纤耦合器.测试数据表明:这种塑料光纤耦合器具有很高的均匀性.     

保偏光纤2×2定向耦合器

介绍一种已研制成的低损耗、宽带、结构紧凑的保偏光纤定向耦合器(PPFDC),它可用于今后的相干纤维光学传输系统或陀螺仪上。这种耦合器由两块直径为200μm蓝宝石球透镜、一块3dB分光器和四根锥形氧化铝陶瓷套管组成,套管上的基准扁平面用于使光纤在接点保持偏振。由于直管内光纤只有很短一段经过抛光,故光纤的固有热应力变化最小。光轴和机械轴成一定角度,因而光纤端面或透镜表面不会出现串扰光。耦合器的光学方向性大于50dB,在1.3μm波长区的反射损耗大于40dB。在1.2到1.4μm内的过量损耗小于1dB。消光比大于25dB。耦合器耦合区的长度包括两块球透镜和分光器在内约1mm,光纤端面分布反馈激光二极管的谱线宽度用耦合器由延迟自零检测系统测量。采用调相耦合器的新型保偏光纤陀螺仪的实验结果表明,灵敏度和稳定度均是适用的。这些实验结果证实耦合器的上述各种特性均是正确的。     

分光比可调的光子晶体光纤耦合器

实验研究了一种磁流体包覆的光子晶体光纤耦合器,其分光比可由磁场在线调节。实验结果表明,耦合器耦合区的尺寸越小,其分光比随磁场的变化越敏感。在外磁场强度为0~14mT时,耦合区尺寸为27μm的耦合器分光比随磁场强度线性变化的灵敏度为0.0289mT~(-1)。耦合器耦合区尺寸越小,环境温度对分光比的影响越强。对于实际应用的耦合器,应综合考虑分光比的磁场调谐特性及温度响应特性,选择合适参数的光子晶体光纤耦合器。     

平面光波导型单纤三向器的研究

利用光束传输法,分析设计了一种只由两个定向耦合器构成、能直接与单模光纤相耦合、易于集成的平面光波导（Planar Lightwave Circuit,PLC）型1.31/1.49/1.55 μm单纤三向器.该器件的输入输出弯曲波导和耦合区平行波导均采用光束传输法进行优化设计,并对器件的折射率进行了容差分析,获得了当两个定向耦合器的耦合长度分别为6 578 μm、3953 μm时,器件对各波长的隔离度均在47 dB以上,且插入损耗小于0.05 dB.     

可调谐集成光学Ti:LiNbO3光波导定向耦合滤波器

波分复用技术是当今光纤通信系统中的关键技术之一。具有增加光纤通信系统容量的巨大潜力,集成光学复用技术对于单模光纤通信系统特别重要本文给出了一种集成光学复用器件的设计和制作,这种集成光学滤波器是在之切LiNbO₃衬底上用非对称钛扩散条波导定向耦合器构成,它适于1.32μm和1.55μm波长耦合滤波。为了使单模光纤和条波导有效耦合,我们研制出了硅V型槽,并给出了一种光纤与波导的连接结构。提供了一种切实可行的途径。     

用于波导阵列——光纤阵列自动对接的多目标演化算法的研究

开发设计了一种新的列阵自动对接方法,该方法将多目标演化法导入光纤—光波导列阵—光纤列阵的自动对接,并行操作次数较常规遗传法大幅减少.数值仿真表明,对于模场非对称因子为0.4%的单模波导列阵与光纤列阵的双芯对接,能实现0.04 dB的平均端面耦合损耗.用于1×8波导分支耦合器与通道间距误差在0.35 μm以内的光纤列阵对接,自动耦合仿真达到了小于0.1 dB的平均端面耦合损耗,最大值与最小值的差小于0.06 dB.     

采用光纤消光法检测脉冲激光测距仪消光比的研究

阐述了光纤消光法检测脉冲激光测距仪消光比的测试原理,采用光纤消光法分析了光纤对大功率脉冲激光的耦合与传输等关键技术问题,提出了0．22NA、400μm大功率传能光纤方案,并设计了耦合器和光学系统,分析了聚焦透镜的损耗、光纤端面的损耗、光纤耦合器与光纤的对准误差等影响耦合效率的因素,计算了光学系统弥散斑数据,接收光学系统和发射光学系统在1ω视场的弥散斑分别为9．03μm和10．6μm。设计分析结果对光纤消光法的工程应用具有一定的研究价值。     

BPM Simulation and Comparison of 1 × 2 Directional Waveguide Coupling and Y-Junction Coupling Silicon-on-Insulator Optical Couplers

For developing large area opto-electronic silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices, the optical coupler is a basic key device. In this article, the authors design and simulate 1 2 2 directional waveguide coupling and Y-branch coupling optical couplers based on Unibond SOI rib waveguides. The beam propagation method (BPM) is used for light propagation analysis. The simulation results and comparisons of the two kinds of optical couplers are reported. The S-bend waveguide for attaching to the two kinds of SOI optical coupler is also analyzed by BPM. We find that the directional coupler has lower power loss, but the Y-junction coupler is more wavelength insensitive with the same device size and splitting angle. The fabrication tolerance analysis shows Y-junction coupler has better fabrication characteristics.     

Design and Evaluation of an N:N Optical Coupler Using an Integrated Waveguide Mirror

We proposed and fabricated an N:N optical coupler using an integrated waveguide mirror. Optical circuits can be miniaturized with small bending by reflecting mirrors. The parabolic curve was applied to the mirror shape because it was necessary to collimate the reflected beam so as to distribute the input light to the output waveguides. We fabricated the 8:8 optical coupler using silica waveguide. The chip size was about 7mm x 15mm. The excess loss of the device was about 8 dB larger than simulation results calculated using beam propagation method. The dependence on the wavelength and polarization was about 0.4 and 0.15 dB, respectively. The excess loss was mainly attributed to the mirror tilt and will be reduced by optimizing the etching conditions to decrease the mirror tilt angle.     

基于光子集成芯片的可穿戴光纤光栅解调研究

为了实现光纤光栅传感器在可穿戴系统中的应用,提出了一种基于硅基光子集成芯片的可穿戴光纤光栅传感解调系统。基于比利时iSiPP50G工艺的光子集成芯片由4×1长波长VCSEL阵列、1×8阵列波导光栅、2×2 MMI耦合器、4×1光纤光栅耦合器阵列、Ge-on-Si波导光电探测器、直波导和弯曲波导等组成。在完成对VCSEL光源金线键合和光子集成芯片光纤耦合封装的基础上,设计了手环式解调电路,对人体温度和心音信号进行了实时测量。实验结果表明:解调系统的动态波长检测范围为1 540 nm～1 560 nm,波长分辨率为0.08 pm,解调精度为5 pm,温度监测范围为35℃～42℃,误差为±0.1℃;可检测50 Hz～100 Hz频率范围内的心音信号,可识别出第一心音和第二心音,并计算出心动周期、心率、第一心音时限、第二心音时限和心力等特征参数。     

Fiber grating couplers for silicon nanophotonic circuits: Design modeling methodology and fabrication tolerances

Silicon nanophotonic circuits can exhibit a very high level of functional integration due to the very small cross sections of the silicon waveguides. However, to be implemented in data transmission networks, such circuits still must be interfaced with optical fibers having much larger dimensions. Due to this mismatch in size, a coupling structure is required in order to minimize the coupling loss. Diffraction grating coupler structures are one of the best candidates to perform this mode size conversion with good performances. However, they are also very sensitive to fabrication tolerances that may require an adaptation of the coupling conditions. In this paper, we present an iterative numerical method to optimize the design of a grating coupler by analyzing the out coupled beam from the waveguide towards the fiber. Using this method we show in details the sensitivity of the grating couplers to the principal fabrication variabilities in order to maximize the robustness of the design. A grating with 53% fiber to waveguide coupling efficiency is designed. Considering the dispersion of the modern CMOS fabrication processing, it appears that the optimal fiber coupling ratio remains rather constant but the optimal coupling angle at a given wavelength may vary by as much as ±10°.     

Estimation of the performance of a 3-dB Y-junction optical coupler with a channel profile of proton-exchanged lithium niobate

A 3-dB optical coupler (power splitter) based on a Y-junction waveguide with a channel profile of proton-exchanged lithium niobate has been modeled. Finite difference beam propagation method has been used to investigate light wave propagation in axially varying waveguides. It is found that the structure splits the input power equally at the Y-junction with an efficiency of 99% and an average excess loss ?0.04 dB. The novelty of the coupling structure proposed is its capability to function as a wavelength-independent 3-dB coupler while maintaining very low-power imbalance for widespread optical communication wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 µm.     

跑道型结构光子晶体波导定向耦合器

鉴于波导定向耦合器在集成光路以及光电集成方面的广泛应用,提出了一种基于光子晶体波导间高效耦合的光子晶体定向耦合器。通过主波导和耦合波导间的耦合,可以实现对波长为1 490 nm和1 550 nm电磁波的高效分光。在将器件长度控制在30 μm左右的同时,其总效率高达93.05%。另外,发现主波导和耦合波导间介质柱结构参数对电磁波的耦合周期有着极大的影响。并通过将介质柱沿z方向拉伸0.1a(a为晶格周期),设计了工作波长为1 530 nm和1 540 nm的光子晶体定向耦合器,器件长度仅为60 μm。通过拉伸介质柱的纵向长度,可以大幅减小耦合周期,这对缩小器件体积以及实现更为密集的波分复用有着重要的意义。     

基于达曼光栅的动态光耦合器

提出了一种基于达曼光栅的动态光耦合器,通过控制装置中达曼光栅位移参量,可实现入射光束的分束或合束以及两者之间的动态转换。适当选择达曼光栅类型可实现任意N×M的动态光耦合。实验中以1550 nm光波长为例,对1×8达曼动态光耦合器进行测量,测得其实现光开关功能时插入损耗为0.43 dB,实现光分束功能时均匀性达到0.03,单路插入损耗均值为10.5 dB。该实验装置易于调节、体积小、能耗低,且关键元件达曼光栅制作工艺成熟,易于批量化生产。特别是在实现中大规模光交换阵列时,该方案就具有更明显的优越性,有实用意义。     

Hybrid vertical directional coupling between a long range surface plasmon polariton waveguide and a dielectric waveguide

To investigate light coupling between a long range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) waveguide and a conventional integrated optical component, a hybrid vertical directional coupler consisting of a LRSPP waveguides and a dielectric waveguide is investigated and fabricated. In the proposed coupler the dielectric waveguide and LRSPP waveguide are vertically configured for dense integration and strong coupling. The characteristics of the even and odd super-modes of the coupler are also analyzed to design the device. The fabricated device exhibits damped sinusoidal behavior along the coupling length due to propagation loss of the LRSPP waveguide. The maximum power transfer of 86% from the LRSPP waveguide to the dielectric waveguide is achieved at the coupling length of 600 μm. The measured characteristics of the device are in relatively good agreement with a theoretical analysis.     

High efficiency,small size,and large bandwidth vertical interlayer waveguide coupler

Since the advent of three-dimensional photonic integrated circuits,the realization of efficient and compact optical interconnection between layers has become an important development direction.A vertical interlayer coupler between two silicon layers is presented in this paper.The coupling principle of the directional coupler is analyzed,and the traditional method of using a pair of vertically overlapping inverse taper structures is improved.For the coupling of two rectangular waveguide layers,a pair of nonlinear tapers with offset along the transmission direction is demonstrated.For the coupling of two ridge waveguide layers,a nonlinear taper in each layer is used to achieve high coupling efficiency.The simulation results show that the coupling efficiency of the two structures can reach more than 90%in a wavelength range from 1500 nm to 1650 nm.Moreover,the crosstalk is reduced to less than-50 d B by using multimode waveguides at intersections.The vertical interlayer coupler with a nonlinear taper is expected to realize the miniaturization and dense integration of photonic integrated chips.