高比表面积蠕虫状介孔SnO2的合成与表征

 以聚乙二醇 (PEG) 为模板剂, 氯化锡为锡源, 尿素为沉淀剂, 采用水热法合成出高比表面积的蠕虫状介孔四方相金红石型 SnO2. 考察了 PEG 分子量及其浓度、水热温度和焙烧温度对 SnO2 孔结构和形貌的影响. 采用 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附-脱附、透射电镜、红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 模板剂可被水洗除去, PEG 分子量对介孔 SnO2 的比表面积影响不大, 而 PEG 浓度、水热温度和焙烧温度的影响较大. 在以分子量为 6000 的 PEG 与 Sn 的摩尔比为 0.01 的条件下, 于 120 oC 水热处理 29 h 后可合成出比表面积高达 161 m2/g 和平均孔径为 2.6 nm 的蠕虫状介孔 SnO2. 所制得样品具有较好的紫外光吸收性能, 适宜用作催化剂、载体和气体传感器等.     

以MCM-22为原料合成高水热稳定性的介孔材料

以合成的微孔分子筛MCM-22为原料,将其与表面活性剂及氢氧化钠一起回流溶解,再调节溶液的pH值至7～9, 使MCM-22转化为高水热稳定性的介孔材料. 所得介孔材料具有蠕虫状的均匀孔道,骨架中不含有MCM-22的微观结构单元. 该介孔材料至少含有18%的表面活性剂,经823 K焙烧脱除表面活性剂后,其孔径为2 2 nm, 比表面积为 1 038 m2/g, 孔容为0 97 cm3/g. 焙烧后的介孔材料具有非常高的水热稳定性,经沸水回流100 h后其比表面积为896 m2/g, 孔容为0 90 cm3/g, 孔径为2 1 nm, 即使经过300 h的回流,该材料仍能保持698 m2/g的比表面积和0 90 cm3/g的孔容. 固体 29Si MAS NMR结果表明,该介孔材料的高水热稳定性与其高表面缩合度有关.     

具有低SO_2氧化活性的Pt/Zr_xTi_(1-x)O_2柴油车氧化催化剂的制备及性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列ZrxTi1-xO2(x=0.0,0.1,0.5,0.9,1.0)复合氧化物,并以此为载体,用等孔体积浸渍H2PtCl6制得Pt/ZrxTi1-xO2柴油车氧化催化剂.运用N2吸附-脱附,X射线多晶粉末衍射,X射线光电子能谱,H2程序升温还原和NH3程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在系列催化剂样品中,Zr0.1Ti0.9O2复合氧化物主要以锐钛矿形式存在,具有较好的织构性能,样品的比表面积达94m2/g,孔体积为0.33cm3/g.相应地,Pt/Zr0.1Ti0.9O2催化剂表现出优异的催化氧化性能,HC和CO的起燃温度(T50)分别为185和174oC,完全转化温度(T90)分别为197和201oC;且具有较低的SO2氧化活性,350oC时SO2仅转化25.5%.     

不同碳源制备的介孔碳分子筛的性能研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为模板剂,分别采用蔗糖、糠醇和酚醛树脂作为碳源制备介孔碳分子筛.用TGA、XRD、N2吸附-脱附和TEM对制备的样品进行了表征和比较.结果表明,三种碳源制备的介孔碳分子筛的结构有序性明显不同.用蔗糖为碳源能够得到结构高度有序的介孔碳分子筛,其比表面积和孔容最大,分别为1 422 m2·g和1.15 cm3·g;用糠醇为碳源制备的样品次之;用普通酚醛树脂为碳源制备的样品其结构有序性最差.     

新型晶须状氧化钛担载Au的CO催化氧化性能

从钛钾比较高的二钛酸钾晶须出发,通过离子交换和热处理等步骤制备了具有不同微观结构的晶须状TiO2,然后通过均相沉积-沉淀法在制得的TiO2上担载1%的Au.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、低温N2吸附-脱附及透射电镜等技术对催化剂样品进行了表征,并测定了其催化CO氧化反应性能.结果表明,600℃处理所得晶须状TiO2载体(T(600))具有丰富的介孔结构,比表面积为59 m2/g,平均孔径为11 nm,担载Au后其孔道结构保持良好,而800℃处理所得晶须状TiO2样品(T(800))孔结构完全坍塌,但仍保持纯锐钛矿晶型.在相同担载条件下Au/T(800)上的Au颗粒尺寸明显小于Au/T(600)上的,但两者催化CO氧化反应活性相差不大,CO完全转化温度分别为80和70℃,活性均比Au/P25的高.     

溶胶-凝胶辅助水热双模板法制备球形介孔TiO_2

以聚乙二醇和共嵌段化合物F127为双模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶辅助水热法制备了球形介孔TiO2(MS-TiO2).采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、热重分析和低温N2吸附-脱附对样品进行了结构表征,并以苯酚为降解模型物在紫外光下对其活性进行了评价.结果表明,所得TiO2为球形介孔结构,孔径为6.5～12.6nm,比表面积最高可达106.9m2/g,孔体积0.21cm3/g,球形颗粒直径200～300nm,由粒径为15～20nm的小晶粒组成.随着焙烧温度的升高,TiO2的比表面积和孔体积减小,孔径增大.双模板剂的使用比单一模板剂更能形成稳定的立体网状球形胶束,并有效抑制TiO2前驱体的团聚,诱导其形成球形介孔结构.其中,在500oC下焙烧所制MS-TiO2样品表现最高的光催化活性,苯酚降解率达86.4%,为TiO2的1.3倍.     

酚醛树脂基球形微-介双阶多孔炭的软模板法制备

将苯酚和甲醛在碱性条件下聚合,然后在酸性条件下与软模板剂F127自组装形成中间相,经高温煅烧合成球形微-介双阶多孔炭。 通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、氮气吸附-脱附和热重分析技术对样品进行了形貌观察和性能测试。 结果表明,pH值、软模板剂用量和活化温度对样品形貌有调控作用。 当软模板剂F127的质量分数为20%、pH值为0.5和活化温度为700 ℃时,可制备出直径为100～200 nm的球形炭,球形粒子分散均匀,排列规整,呈明显蠕虫状排列的孔隙结构,比表面积为503 m2/g,孔容积0.416 cm3/g,介孔孔径集中分布在2.9 nm,微孔主要分布在1.3 nm。 随着活化温度升高,炭球的比表面积和孔容积增大,平均孔径减小。 F127的热解形成介孔结构,碳前驱体高温下的径向收缩形成微孔结构。     

Ag担载介孔Pb3Nb2O8光催化剂的制备及其增强的可见光催化活性表征

光催化技术在环境净化方面,尤其是降解有机污染物应用上表现出潜在价值.可见光响应型光催化剂具有优异的光吸收特性和高的光催化活性,因而备受人们关注并被大量研究.Pb3Nb2O8光催化剂由于其自身的稳定性以及对可见光响应的能力是一种潜在的高效光催化材料.但是,有报道表明Pb3Nb2O8光催化剂对可见光降解有机物活性较低,这主要归因于它较小的比表面积以及较高的电子-空穴复合率.为了解决这个问题,本文采用蒸发自组装技术制备了大比表面积的介孔Pb3Nb2O8,采用光沉积方式在介孔Pb3Nb2O8上负载了均匀分散的纳米Ag颗粒,并对不同焙烧温度、载Ag量以及进一步的热处理对光催化活性的影响作了深入研究.XRD结果表明,在400℃和500℃焙烧条件下获得的样品属于Pb3Nb2O8相,600℃焙烧使得介孔Pb3Nb2O8发生相变.氮气吸附-脱附表征表明,升高焙烧温度使样品比表面积从最大69 m2/g(400℃)减小到19 m2/g(600℃).透射电子显微镜分析结果表明,所获得样品具有蠕虫状介孔孔道结构,并且Ag纳米颗粒均匀分散在介孔Pb3Nb2O8表面.紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,介孔Pb3Nb2O8的吸收边拖尾到530-550 nm,担载Ag之后光吸收发生显著变化,光吸收拓展到700 nm.光催化活性测试采用可见光催化氧化脱氢异丙醇气体至丙酮反应.结果表明,在420 nm以上可见光照射下,1 h内的光催化反应过程中,采用高温固态反应制备的Pb3Nb2O8上丙酮生成速率为2.9 ppm/min,而介孔Pb3Nb2O8催化剂上最高可达55.5 ppm/min.介孔Pb3Nb2O8负载Ag之后,400℃焙烧的介孔Pb3Nb2O8光催化活性显著提高,降解速率达120.7 ppm/min.通过介孔Pb3Nb2O8和固相合成Pb3Nb2O8的光催化活性对比发现,大比表面积样品的光催化活性显著提高.这可归结为大的比表面积提供了大量的催化反应活性位点,从而提高了光催化反应活性,此外介孔材料的孔壁结构为纳米结构,有利于光生电子-空穴传输到表面参加反应.担载Ag后介孔Pb3Nb2O8的光催化活性进一步提高,主要是因为助催化剂Ag纳米颗粒促进了光生电子-空穴分离,延长了载流子寿命,从而提高了光催化活性.     

介孔硅铝分子筛的合成、表征及其作为固体酸催化苯酚与1-辛烯的烷基化反应

以异丙醇铝、硅酸四乙酯和十六烷基三甲基溴化胺为原料,以乙酰丙酮为螯合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了硅铝比分别为25,50,100和150的介孔硅铝分子筛,并用其催化苯酚与1-辛烯的液相烷基化反应.X射线衍射、N2吸附、高分辨透射电镜及27Al核磁共振光谱表征结果表明,该介孔分子筛具有蠕虫状骨架结构.在160℃时,硅铝比为25的介孔硅铝分子筛催化剂上苯酚可以完全转化为单烷基苯酚.     

高比表面积介孔氧化镍制备及表征

采用硝酸镍和草酸为原料,采用固态热分解法制备得到高比表面积的介孔Ni O纳米粒子,考察了原料的用量,热处理的温度,热处理的时间对孔结构的影响。用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和N2吸附-脱附技术对材料的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明:硝酸镍和草酸1∶1混合均匀、400℃灼烧4 h得到的介孔Ni O粒子的孔结构为最发达的蠕虫状介孔结构,比表面积和孔容分别达到236 m2·g-1和0.42 cm3·g-1。     

(La0.8A0.2)MnO3 (A = Sr,K) perovskite catalysts for NO and C10H22 oxidation and selective reduction of NO by C10H22

In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO₃ and (La_0.8A_0.2)MnO₃ (A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C₁₀H₂₂ and selective reduction of NO by C₁₀H₂₂. The catalytic performances of these perovskites were compared with that of a 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst. The La site substitution increased the catalytic properties for NO or C₁₀H₂₂ oxidation compared with the non-substituted LaMnO₃ sample. For the most efficient perovskite catalyst, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃, the results showed the presence of two temperature domains for NO adsorption: (1) a domain corresponding to weakly adsorbed NO, desorbing at temperatures lower than 270 ℃ and (2) a second domain corresponding to NO adsorbed on the surface as nitrate species, desorbing at temperatures higher than 330 ℃. For the Sr-substituted perovskite, the maximum NO₂ yield of 80% was observed in the intermediate temperature domain (around 285 ℃). In the reactant mixture of NO/C₁₀H₂₂/O₂/H₂O/He, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite showed better performance than the 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst： NO₂ yields reaching 50% and 36% at 290 and 370 ℃, respectively. This activity improvement was found to be because of atomic scale interactions between the A and B active sites, Sr²⁺ cation and Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺ redox couple. Thus, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite could be an alternative free noble metal catalyst for exhaust gas after treatment.     

Catalytic toluene oxidation over the three-dimensionally ordered macroporous EuFeO3 catalysts fabricated by the sucrose-assisted polymethyl methacrylate-templating method

Three-dimensionally macroporous perovskite-type oxides EuFeO₃ (EFO-3DOM, EFO-sucrose-1, EFO-sucrose-2, and EFO-sucrose-3, respectively) have been prepared using the polymethyl methacrylate-templating method in the absence or presence of sucrose. Physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by means of a number of analytical techniques, and their catalytic activities were evaluated for the total oxidation of toluene. It is shown that all of the EFO samples were of single-phase orthorhombic crystal structure with a 3DOM architecture. The sucrose addition during the preparation process had a great effect on the surface area and porous structure of the final product. A clear correlation of surface area, surface oxygen species concentration, and low-temperature reducibility with the catalytic performance was observed. The EFO-sucrose-1 catalyst performed the best, giving the T_50% and T_90% of 312 and 347 °C at space velocity = 20,000 mL/(g h), respectively. The apparent activation energies of the 3DOM-structured EFO samples were in the range of 82–97 kJ/mol. It is concluded that the higher surface area and oxygen adspecies concentration and better low-temperature reducibility account for the good catalytic activity of EFO-sucrose-1.     

Pt/TiO2催化剂上CO氧化反应动力学研究

利用沉积沉淀法制备了Pt/TiO₂催化剂, 将其在不同温度下焙烧, 以得到不同颗粒尺寸的Pt. 并将这些样品用于CO催化氧化反应以及反应动力学研究. 结果表明: 焙烧温度对催化剂有明显影响, Pt 颗粒尺寸随着焙烧温度的升高而增加; 与此同时, CO催化活性随焙烧温度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势, 其中, 400℃焙烧的样品表现出最高的催化活性. 反应动力学结果表明, 催化剂上CO氧化反应表观速率方程为r=5.4×10^-7p_CO^0.17p_O2^0.36,说明在该催化剂上CO氧化遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理. 同时, 对催化剂进行了CO化学吸附红外光谱和O₂化学吸附表征. 结果表明, 随着焙烧温度的升高, 催化剂上CO和O₂吸附量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 这与反应结果和反应动力学方程一致, 说明反应受到催化剂表面上CO和O₂吸附浓度的影响. 而在400℃焙烧的催化剂上, CO和O₂吸附量均最高, 因此其反应活性也最好. 这可能是焙烧过程影响了Pt 和TiO₂之间的相互作用引起的.     

Using the Interaction between Copper and Manganese to Stabilize Copper Single-atom for CO Oxidation.

The interaction between Cu and Mn has been used to immobilize the Cu single-atom on MnO₂ surface by redox-driven hydrolysis. Comprehensive structure and property characterizations demonstrate that the existence of an Cu−Mn interaction on the catalyst surface can effectively restrain the aggregation of Cu single atoms and improve carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation activity. The interaction of forming the Cu−O−Mn entity is beneficial for CO catalytic activity as the migration of reactive oxygen species and the coordination effect of active centers accelerate the reaction. In particular, 3%-Cu₁/MnO₂ shows an oxygen storage capacity (OSC) value (342.75 μmol/g) more than ten times that of pure MnO₂ (27.79 μmol/g) and has high CO catalytic activity (T_90%=80 °C), it can maintain CO conversion of 95 % after 15 cycles. This work offers a reliable method for synthesizing Cu single-atom catalysts and deepens understanding of the interaction effect between single transition metal atoms and supports that can improve the catalytic activity of CO oxidation.     

单双核金属配合物选择性催化氧化对甲氧基苦杏仁酸

制备了以铜、钴、锰为中心离子的三种单核金属配合物L¹Cu、L¹Co、L¹Mn (L¹=N,N'-(2-羟乙基)丙二酰胺)和三种双核金属配合物L²Cu、L²Co、L²Mn (L²=N,N'-{2-(2-羟乙基氨基)乙基}丙二酰胺). 研究发现在缓冲溶液中六种金属配合物能将对甲氧基苦杏仁酸(4-MMA)高选择性地氧化成对甲氧基苯甲醛(AAD)以及少量对甲氧基苯甲酸(4-MBA), AAD的选择性(S)大于96%. 然而不同的催化体系在反应速率上表现了很大的不同: 铜金属配合物的催化活性最好; 双核配合物表现出更高的催化效率. 研究了酒石酸(TA)、磷酸(H₃O₄)、醋酸(HAc)三种缓冲溶液体系对L¹Cu催化H₂O₂氧化4-MMA反应的影响, 结果表明缓冲溶液种类对反应速率和选择性影响很大.研究了35℃时弱酸性条件(pH值从2.5到4.5的范围内)在酒石酸缓冲溶液中六种金属配合物催化H₂O₂氧化4-MMA的动力学, 计算出不同pH值条件下催化反应的表观反应速率常数k_obs, 并且讨论了pH值对催化反应的影响.     

负载型P-Mo-V/SBA-15催化剂上的甲烷选择氧化反应

以磷钼钒杂多酸(H₅PMo₁₀V₂O₄₀)为前驱体、介孔SBA-15为载体, 采用浸渍法制备不同负载量的P-Mo-V氧化物催化剂. 在甲烷选择氧化反应中, 考察了负载量、反应温度、空速等对甲烷转化率和产物选择性的影响. 结果表明, 催化剂对甲烷选择氧化制甲醛具有较高活性, 甲烷转化率随负载量的增大和反应温度的升高而提高, 甲醛的选择性随负载量的增大先升后降. 反应温度为640 ℃、空速为48300 L•kg^－1•h^－1、氧化物负载量w＝2.89%时, 甲醛的时空产率最高(295 g•kg_cat^－1•h^－1). 多种表征表明, 氧化物负载量w≤2.89%时, P-Mo-V氧化物在载体介孔孔道内以高分散形式存在. 催化剂的酸性和氧化还原性质与负载量相关, NH₃-TPD和H₂-TPR的测试结果表明, 较弱的酸性位和较低还原温度的活性组分有利于甲烷选择氧化制甲醛.     

Study of MO2N catalyst activity and stability in CO oxidation

Unsupported molybdenum nitride powder with S_g of 115 m²g⁻¹ (passivated) has been prepared by the temperature-programmed reaction of MoO₃ in H₂/N₂ mixture. It exhibited high catalytic activity in CO oxidation. DTA experiments in the air flow and O₂ temperature-programmed pulse reaction (TPPR) showed that the optimal oxidation temperature for the Mo₂N catalyst was under 450°C because of its instability at high temperature in the presence of O₂.     

[RuIII(EDTA)(H2O)]− catalyzed oxidation of biologically important thiols by H2O2

[Ru^III(EDTA)(H₂O)]^? (EDTA^4? = ethylenediaminetetraacetate) catalyzes the oxidation of biological thiols, RSH (RSH = cysteine, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, penicillamine) using H₂O₂ as precursor oxidant. The kinetics of the oxidation process were studied spectrophotometrically as a function of [Ru^III(EDTA)(H₂O)]^?, [H₂O₂], [RSH], and pH (4–8). Spectral analyses and kinetic data are suggestive of a catalytic pathway in which the RSH reacts with [Ru^III(EDTA)] catalyst complex to form [Ru^III((EDTA)(SR)]^2? intermediate species. In the subsequent reaction step the oxidant, H₂O₂, reacts directly with the coordinated S of the [Ru^III((EDTA)(SR)]^2? intermediate leading to formation of the disulfido (RSSR) oxidation product (identified by HPLC and ESI-MS studies) of thiols (RSH). Based on the experimental results, a working mechanism involving oxo-transfer from H₂O₂ to the coordinated thiols is proposed for the catalytic oxidation.     

Iron Carbonyl Thiourea Hybrid Material Based on Functionalised Silica from Rice Husk Ash for Oxidation of Limonene

Iron carbonyl thiourea, RHACP1Fe was successfully immobilized onto inorganic silica support from rice husk ask via chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) and the resulting catalyst was labelled as RHACP1Fe. This mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid catalyst showed a specific surface area of 245.0 m²g^-1. The ²⁹ Si MAS NMR solid state spectrum showed the presence of Q⁴, Q³, T³ and T² silicon centres in RHACP1Fe. The oxidation of limonene with H₂O₂ was studied using RHACP1Fe. A moderate selectivity to the desired product (limonene peroxide) of 67% and a maximum limonene conversion of 60% was achieved. RHACP1Fe could be reused several times without losing its catalytic activity.     

纳米LiMnPO_4的制备与电化学性能表征

采用两步加热Polyol法制备了纳米LiMnPO4正极材料,详细研究了第一加热平台温度T1(T1=100,110,120,130,140,150°C)对样品物理性质及电化学性能的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及比表面积测试(BET)对样品的晶体结构与微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明,在不同温度T1下得到的样品均为片状结构;T1=100-120°C时合成的样品含有杂相,且比表面积小于15 m2?g-1;在T1=130°C时,得到纯相LiMnPO4样品,且比表面积增至46.3 m2?g-1;随着T1的进一步升高,样品比表面积稍有下降,维持在35-37 m2?g-1之间.纳米LiMnPO4的电化学性能变化趋势与比表面积基本一致,T1=130°C时合成的样品呈现最优的电化学性能,在0.1C倍率下放电容量达到129 mAh?g-1,在5C倍率时达到81 mAh?g-1,这表明LiMnPO4的比表面积是决定其电化学性能的关键因素之一.