有机薄膜电致发光器件失效过程的动态观测及分析

对有机薄膜电致发光器件失效的全过程进行了显微动态观察，发现器件工作时，有机层／金属界面形成的气泡逐渐变大变多，最终导致器件完全失效，气泡不仅含有水汽，还存在大量有机气体。     

多重分形谱研究溶胶-凝胶SiO2疏水减反膜的激光预处理作用

采用溶胶-凝胶提拉技术制备了SiO2疏水减反膜.使用Nd:YAG激光(波长为1064 nm,脉宽为7.5ns)采用"R on 1"方式对所得膜层进行了激光预处理.在预处理前后采用"1 on 1"方式考察了薄膜的激光损伤阈值的变化,使用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了薄膜的表面形貌的变化,并使用多重分形谱(MFS)方法分析了薄膜分形结构的变化.结果 表明经过激光预处理后薄膜的抗激光损伤阈值有了明显提高,均方根表面粗糙度(Rq)稍有减小,膜面变平整,多重分形谱宽度收缩,分形区间的分布均匀性改善.这说明经过激光预处理后薄膜表面微结构趋向规整,使之能够承受更强的激光的辐照.同时也说明借助多重分形谱可以获得更多薄膜表面结构变化的信息,多重分形谱是探索强激光对光学薄膜辐照作用机理的一个十分有用的方法.     

多重分形谱研究溶胶-凝胶SiO2疏水减反膜的激光预处理作用

采用溶胶-凝胶提拉技术制备了SiO₂疏水减反膜.使用Nd：YAG激光（波长为1064nm,脉宽为7.5ns）采用“R on 1”方式对所得膜层进行了激光预处理.在预处理前后采用“1 on 1”方式考察了薄膜的激光损伤阈值的变化,使用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了薄膜的表面形貌的变化,并使用多重分形谱（MFS）方法分析了薄膜分形结构的变化.结果表明经过激光预处理后薄膜的抗激光损伤阈值有了明显提高,均方根表面粗糙度（R_q）稍有减小,膜面变平整,多重分形谱宽度收缩,分形区间的分布均匀性改善.这说明经过激光预处理后薄膜表面微结构趋向规整,使之能够承受更强的激光的辐照.同时也说明借助多重分形谱可以获得更多薄膜表面结构变化的信息,多重分形谱是探索强激光对光学薄膜辐照作用机理的一个十分有用的方法. 关键词： 2疏水减反膜')" href="#">SiO₂疏水减反膜 激光预处理 多重分形谱 激光损伤阈值     

有机薄膜电致发光器件工艺检测的一种简便方法——覆膜加热观测法

提出了一种简便易行、并与有机薄膜电致发光器件制备工艺完全兼容的工艺检测方法－－覆膜加热观测法。这种方法是在器件的制备工艺过程中,同时在铟锡氧化物（ITO）电极的各层有机薄膜上覆盖一层不透气的薄膜（如金属Al膜等）,接着进行快速加热,最后对器件表面进行形貌观测。采用这种方法,观察了器件表面气泡的形成过程,观察了加热温度、ITO表面处理以及有机物纯度对敢泡形成的影响。实验表明,覆膜加热观测法能有效地对工艺进行对比检测,从而达到改进工艺、提高器件质量的目的。     

掺铒硫化锌薄膜电致发光的动态特性

报道了用分舟热蒸发研制的掺饵硫化锌薄膜器件电致发光的动态特性.运用多段式指数衰减公式与高斯函数的乘积来描述薄膜发光的瞬态过程,理论结果与实验数据十分接近,表明薄膜的陷阱能级对器件发光的弛豫效应产生了影响. 关键词：     

8-羟基喹啉铝电致发光薄膜的电学特性

用真空蒸发沉积方法制备了一种由8-羟基@4铝(发射层)/二胺(空穴输运层)双层有机膜构成的直流薄膜电致发光(EL)器件。获得了发射峰位于520um的绿色EL.EL光谱极相似于8-羟基喹啉铝粉末的光致发光(PL)光谱。发现当首次对该器件结构施加正向偏压激发电致发光时,出现一个形成过程。实验发现与电致发光形成过程相对应的转变电压可能同有机薄膜的品质及电极蒸发条件有关。     

薄膜生长的多重分形谱的计算

规则分形具有理想的标度不变性,而随机分形(如薄膜生长)概率分布曲线及标度不变性的范围与计算方法有关:以偏离平均高度的方差值求概率,标度不变性不好,多重分形谱也不光滑;而以薄膜平均底面为基准面求概率得到的标度不变性可延伸到3个数量级,多重分形谱光滑.采用外延的方法修正灰度设置的偏移可以对多重分形谱有所改善.另外,讨论了权重因子q取值范围的影响,确定了q的取值范围.     

非晶Ni-Cu-P合金化学沉积过程的多重分形谱研究

用原子力显微镜测定了SiTiNPd基体,经不同沉积时间得到的非晶Ni13.1wt%Cu9.3wt%P薄膜的表面形貌,得到了AFM图像的多重分形谱.结果表明:随着沉积时间的增加,多重分形谱的宽度增加,Δf(Δf=f(αmin)-f(αmax))增大.说明沉积表面高度分布随着沉积时间的增加,不均匀性显著增加,镀层在水平和垂直方向生长并逐渐形成连续致密的镀层.这与对AFM图的观察是一致的 关键词： 多重分形谱 Ni-Cu-P合金 化学沉积 AFM图像     

基于多个无标度区的多重分形分析方法

用计算机模拟生成了多重分形结构,通过对比分析结构的解析多重分形谱和配分函数法计算得到的多重分形谱,总结出多重分形谱可以描述结构在某一无标度区内生长规律的特性,发现结构的各个无标度区都具有研究价值,针对传统方法不能充分利用数据的缺陷,提出了基于多个无标度区的多重分形谱计算方法.     

基于多重分形谱的高光谱数据特征提取

针对单一分形维数在高光谱数据处理中的不足,提出了一种基于多重分形谱的光谱信号奇异性特征提取方法,引入多重分形谱表征光谱曲线的奇异性特征.该方法根据分形测度将光谱曲线进行划分,用光谱概率测度计算配分函数,通过尺度指数的Legendre变换实现光谱曲线多重分形谱的提取,根据各类地物间的类别可分性准则Bhattacharyya距离选择有效特征,最后利用地物分类实验来验证该方法的有效性.实验结果表明,多重分形谱用于分类时分类精度达95.2%,当其维数为原数据波段数的10%时,总体分类精度仍可达82.2 %.多重分形谱表征了具有相同奇异性的波段子集的分形维数,准确的描述了光谱曲线的奇异性和分布特点,该方法能够有效地实现高光谱数据的特征提取.     

尺度效应对脉动热管启动和运行的影响

建立了脉动热管启动和运行的物理和数学模型,关联了新汽泡的产生条件和毛细管内已有汽泡之问的关系,从而发现了尺度效应如何影响脉动热管启动和运行的规律.已有汽泡的形状强烈影响脉动热管的启动和运行,小汽泡更利于新汽泡的产生.脉动热管的优化设计可以通过对壁面粗糙度的加工、形成的汽泡尺度的控制和工质的匹配选择等来实现.结果对于脉动热管的设计具有重要参考价值.     

舰船远程尾流的散射光能量分布特性

为探索光尾流的探测和自导模式,研究了舰船远程尾流中气泡群的散射光能量分布特性.根据米氏理论推导了舰船尾流气泡群的光散射能量分布函数的计算公式,基于此公式对干净的尾流气泡群和覆盖着两种典型有机膜的脏尾流气泡群的能量分布函数进行了数值计算,得到了它们的能量分布特性.计算和分析结果表明,气泡群的前向光散射能量远大于后向散射,前向散射能量占总散射能量的90%以上;散射能量分布函数在小于1°的前向小角度散射角范围内迅速增加到40%以上,然后随散射角的增加缓慢增加;气泡表面附着的有机膜会较显著的增强气泡群的后向散射能量.但由于后向散射能量占总散射能量的比例很小,有机膜对前向散射能量的减小幅度不大.     

Ultrasonic detection of resonant cavitation bubbles in a flow tube by their second-harmonic emissions

During low-power exposures, biophysical effects of ultrasonic cavitation are induced primarily by resonant bubbles, and there is a need for a new method of detecting these small bubbles. Bubble pulsation theory indicates that second-harmonic emissions emanate from resonant bubbles even at low amplitudes. A device was constructed to detect resonant bubbles passing through it in a flowing liquid by monitoring second-harmonic responses to a low amplitude, 1.64 MHz ultrasonic field. During testing, 4.2 μm diameter resonant bubbles produced signals 40 times larger than 500 μm diameter bubbles, and this technique was much better than a first-harmonic scattering technique for counting resonant bubbles.     

Theoretical estimation of sonochemical yield in bubble cluster in acoustic field

In order to learn more about the physical phenomena occurring in cloud cavitation, the nonlinear dynamics of a spherical cluster of cavitation bubbles and cavitation bubbles in cluster in an acoustic field excited by a square pressure wave are numerically investigated by considering viscosity, surface tension, and the weak compressibility of the liquid.The theoretical prediction of the yield of oxidants produced inside bubbles during the strong collapse stage of cavitation bubbles is also investigated. The effects of acoustic frequency, acoustic pressure amplitude, and the number of bubbles in cluster on bubble temperature and the quantity of oxidants produced inside bubbles are analyzed. The results show that the change of acoustic frequency, acoustic pressure amplitude, and the number of bubbles in cluster have an effect not only on temperature and the quantity of oxidants inside the bubble, but also on the degradation types of pollutants, which provides a guidance in improving the sonochemical degradation of organic pollutants.     

Influence of bubble clustering on multibubble sonoluminescence

Influence of clustering of cavitation bubbles on multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) in standing wave fields is studied through measurement of MBSL intensity with a photomultiplier tube and observation of corresponding bubble behavior with a high-speed video camera and an intensified charge-coupled device one. It is clarified that, when the SL is quenched suddenly at excessive ultrasonic power, the behavior of bubbles clearly changes; the bubbles which form dendritic branches of filaments change into clusters due to the secondary Bjerknes force. The cluster is composed of several bubbles surrounded by many tiny bubbles, in which bubbles repeatedly coalesce and fragment, and run away from pressure antinodes. When the clusters are broken up by forced fluid motion, the quenching of MBSL is suppressed.     

Sonochemical reaction of selected cyclic C6Hx hydrocarbons in organic solvents

The rates and products of the sonochemical reactions of benzene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, cyclohexene, and cyclohexane in selected organic solvents have been investigated. The sonochemical reactions of these educts in the investigated organic solvents follow first-order kinetics. Generally, they are sonicated more rapidly in polar than in non-polar solvent; higher volatility of the solute results in faster sonolysis in the organic solvents. However, the sonication of cyclohexane in n-decane and the sonication of benzene in n-propanol are exceptional cases. Since cyclohexane exhibits a much higher lipophilicity and benzene a much higher hydrophilicity than other educts, it might be more difficult to transfer either educt from the bulk liquid into the cavitation bubbles. In tetrachloroethylene, the reactivity of the tested educts with in situ generated chlorine as well as chlorine-containing radical intermediates can accelerate the rate of sonochemical reactions under the employed conditions. In n-propanol and n-decane, the pyrolysis during the collapse of the cavitation bubbles is the only reaction pathway of sonolysis. In tetrachloroethylene, the pyrolysis during the collapse of the cavitation bubbles and the free radical reaction in the bulk liquid may occur simultaneously. Except for the products generated from sonolysis, products formed from chlorine transformations (substitution or addition reactions) are detected. Benzene is hardly decomposed in tetrachloroethylene. However, when FeCl3 is added into the reaction system, benzene is sonoconverted rapidly, and the product chlorobenzene was detected. In organic solvents, the sonoreaction rates and the sonoproducts are dependent on the physicochemical properties of the solvents used, as well as the volatility, the polarity and the reactivity of educts.     

Diagnostics of spatial structure of vortex multiplets in a swirl flow

Results on investigation of vortex unstable breakdown are presented. The structure of vortex multiplets was visualized in a vertical cylindrical container made of transparent organic glass of the optic quality with the inner diameter of 288 mm and rotating upper lid. Visualization was performed for different heights of this cylinder. The working liquid was 80-percent water-glycerin mixture, and small air bubbles were used as the tracers. The lid was rotated with a constant angular velocity under the studied conditions, and air was accumulated in the zones of decreased pressure on axes of vortices. Visualization of flow structure for unstable swirl flows and cylinder aspect ratios from 3.2 to 5.5 allowed first identification of these regimes as multispiral breakdowns with formation of helical-like vortex duplets, triplets, and quadruplets.     

Numerical simulation on dynamic behaviors of bubbles flowing through bifurcate T-junction in microfluidic device

Based on the volume of fluid(VOF) method, a numerical model of bubbles splitting in a microfluidic device with T-junction is developed and solved numerically. Various flow patterns are distinguished and the effects of bubble length,capillary number, and diameter ratio between the mother channel and branch are discussed. The break-up mechanism is explored in particular. The results indicate that the behaviors of the bubbles can be classified into two categories: break-up and non-break. Under the condition of slug flowing, the branches are obstructed by the bubbles that the pressure difference drives the bubbles into break-up state, while the bubbles that retain non-break state flow into an arbitrary branch under bubbling flow condition. The break-up of the short bubbles only occurs when the viscous force from the continuous phase overcomes the interfacial tension. The behavior of the bubbles transits from non-break to break-up with the increase of capillary number. In addition, the increasing of the diameter ratio is beneficial to the symmetrical break-up of the bubbles.     

脉冲偏场作用下硬磁泡的形成

对低频脉冲偏场产生磁泡的过程中硬磁泡的形成条件进行了实验研究。发现硬磁泡的百分比p随着脉冲偏场强度的增加而迅速减小,同时发现存在一临界脉冲偏场强度H_po,当H_p≥H_po时,所产生的磁泡都是软磁泡。 关键词：     

HCFC22替代工质的吸收制冷特性

1引言随着人类生存环境的日益恶化和全球能源危机的日益加剧,吸收式制冷以及吸收制冷工质正越来越受到人们的关注。氟利昂与有机溶剂组成的工质对是当前人们研究得较多一种工质对,其中R22／DMF（二甲基甲酸胺）体系曾被认为是较有前途的一种新型制冷一吸收工质对［‘］。然而,随着蒙特利尔议定书所规定HCFC禁用日期的;临近,R22即将被淘汰,因此,研究吸收制冷中R22的替代问题已变得越来越重要。ZI质物性本文涉及的主要计算有：溶液的汽液平衡计算、制冷剂的汽液平衡计算和工质的恰值计算等。本文中制冷剂之间的汽液平衡由改进PT…