新型染料敏化剂三苯基咪唑丙烯酸的合成及其光电性能

以苯偶姻、苯甲醛和丙二酸为原料经3步反应合成了新型三苯基咪唑系染料敏化剂(TPIA),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和MS表征,并分析了咪唑的环化反应机理。将TPIA用于染料敏化太阳能电池染料敏化剂,表明TPIA具有良好的光电转换性能,TPIA的乙醇饱和溶液吸附敏化光阳极24 h的DSSC光电转换效率为1.90%,填充因子为74.5%。     

染料敏化太阳电池钌系敏化剂

钌系敏化剂是染料敏化太阳电池（DSSC）研究最早也最成功的敏化剂类型之一,最高光电转换效率已达到11%以上。研究总结钌系敏化剂的结构、谱学性质、电化学性质与其光电转换性能之间的构效关系,对于设计合成新的具有更高性能的敏化剂、推进DSSC的实用化进程具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了钌系敏化剂的研究进展,将这类敏化剂按结构和性质进行分类,讨论了其分子结构、电子结构、谱学性质、电化学性质对其光吸收能力、电子注入效能、电荷传输与复合等因素的影响,并对其光电转换性能进行了详细评述,总结了其结构与光电转换性能之间的构效关系,概括了高效钌系敏化剂的结构特征,为更高效敏化剂的设计合成提供了有价值的参考。     

染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池中敏化剂的研究进展

染料敏化剂是染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池(DSSC)的重要组成部分,对电池性能有着重要的影响。本文将染料敏化剂分为有机金属配合物和纯有机化合物两大类,综述了这两类敏化剂的研究现状,同时讨论了其结构对光电转化效率的影响机理。     

上转换发光在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

以水热和高温煅烧相结合的方法制备了掺Er³⁺的TiO₂上转换发光层,并将其组装在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中。通过XRD﹑荧光光谱﹑UV-Vis和电池的光电性能测试,分析了上转换发光层的发光机理及其加入后对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响。结果表明,上转换发光层的引入有效地提高了DSSC的光电性能,在80 mW·cm^-2红外光照射下最高光电转换效率达到了0.14‰,比未加上转换发光层的DSSC提高了160%。     

以苯并噻二唑为辅助受体的N-苯基咔唑类染料敏化剂的合成及光伏性能

以N-苯基咔唑为电子给体,苯并噻二唑为辅助电子受体,噻吩或苯为π桥,氰乙酸或罗丹宁乙酸为键合受体,设计合成了四个N-苯基咔唑类染料敏化剂.对所合成的染料敏化剂的光谱性能和光电转换性能进行了研究.以氰乙酸为受体的染料敏化剂尽管最大吸收波长和摩尔吸光系数较以罗丹宁乙酸为受体的染料敏化剂低,但由于其电子注入效率高,导致其光电流和光电压均较优.以苯环为桥键的染料敏化剂较以噻吩环为桥键的染料敏化剂具有更好的光电流和光电压,因此四种染料敏化剂中,以苯基作为桥键,氰基乙酸作为受体的染料敏化剂获得较佳的光电转换效率5.28%(J_(SC)=9.14 mA/cm~2,V_(OC)=0.74 V,FF=0.78).     

染料敏化太阳能电池中meso-D-π-A卟啉分子设计的研究进展

与已经商业化的硅太阳能电池相比,染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)因制备工艺简单、成本低和较高的光电转换效率而成为研究的热点。本文从设计D-π-A卟啉染料的思路出发,阐述了DSSC中meso-卟啉染料的给体、取代基、π桥及受体对其性能的影响。     

改进型溶胶-凝胶法制备粒径可调高染料吸附量TiO2微球及其在染敏电池光散射层中的应用

利用改进型的溶胶-凝胶法,制得了由锐钛矿相纳米颗粒组成的TiO2多孔微纳小球。通过调节前驱物浓度,合成出粒径可控的尺寸分别为100,175,225,475 nm的TiO2微纳小球,并通过电泳沉积法将合成出的小球作为光散射层引入到染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)中。由于这种微纳小球在具备良好的光散射性能的同时也具备较高的染料吸附量,因此相较于基于纳米颗粒的单层结构的DSSC拥有更高的光电转换效率。通过比较分析,粒径尺寸为475 nm的微球作为光散射层的DSSC光电转换效率可以达到6.3%,较之于基于纳米颗粒的DSSC提高了30%。     

卟啉/二氧化钛多孔电极的光电转换效应研究

有机染料用作光能转换的敏化剂,国内外已有不少报道。将这些有机染料敏化剂载于金属或半导体基片上制成电极,可组成半导体(金属)/染料/电解液类型的光电化学电池。然而,这些电池的光电转换效率都不理想,一个重要的原因是染料不能有效地吸收入射光子。研究表明,在一个平滑的电极表面,单层染料分子仅能吸收不到1%的入射光;采用多层染料能吸收更多的光子,但同时却因为电阻增大而使光电转换效率降低。为了克服这些困难,Gratzel等人采用由二氧化钦TiO₂超微粒组成的电极吸附染料,取得了较好的效果。     

过氧化钛配合物(PTC)体系在柔性染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

本文利用水性过氧化钛配合物(peoxotitanium complex:PTC)前驱体可低温合成锐钛矿TiO₂溶胶的特性,将其用作柔性染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中的光阳极材料的成膜助剂.研究发现:加入基于PTC制得的TiO₂溶胶可以明显提高DSSC的光电转换性能,在制备DSSC的浆料中加入10%(体积分数)的基于PTC制得的TiO₂溶胶后,电池的光电效率可以提升50%.我们进一步研究了光电转换效率的影响因素,结果表明,溶胶的加入量和反应时间均有一最佳值,当基于PTC的TiO₂溶胶添加量为10%,反应时间为9h,所得到电池的光电性能最好.     

改进型溶胶-凝胶法制备粒径可调高染料吸附量TiO2微球及其在染敏电池光散射层中的应用

利用改进型的溶胶-凝胶法, 制得了由锐钛矿相纳米颗粒组成的TiO₂多孔微纳小球。通过调节前驱物浓度, 合成出粒径可控的尺寸分别为100, 175, 225, 475 nm的TiO₂微纳小球, 并通过电泳沉积法将合成出的小球作为光散射层引入到染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)中。由于这种微纳小球在具备良好的光散射性能的同时也具备较高的染料吸附量, 因此相较于基于纳米颗粒的单层结构的DSSC拥有更高的光电转换效率。通过比较分析, 粒径尺寸为475 nm的微球作为光散射层的DSSC光电转换效率可以达到6.3%, 较之于基于纳米颗粒的DSSC提高了30%。     

Utilization of natural pigment extracted from pomegranate fruits as sensitizer in solid-state solar cells

The juice extracted from pomegranate fruits containing cyanin (flavylium) is utilized as the light-harvesting analog in a dye sensitized solid-state photovoltaic cell. Strong chelation of flavylium with TiO₂ changes it to quinonoidal form. A higher incident photon to current conversion efficiency is observed in solid-state TiO₂|pomegranate piment|CuI solar cell compare to that of the cells (TiO₂|dye|CuI type) sensitized with other natural pigments.     

Design of an organic chromophore for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

A successful model for the design of efficient dyes for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is presented. As an example, a novel and efficient organic dye containing a triphenylamine chromophore has been synthesized and successfully applied in a p-type DSSC. The highest incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 18% in the visible region has been obtained, which is the highest value so far in p-type DSSCs. This is remarkably high, considering that only 600 nm thin NiO mesoporous films were used as p-type DSSC electrodes.     

Structure–Performance Correlations of Organic Dyes with an Electron‐Deficient Diphenylquinoxaline Moiety for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

The high performances of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on seven new dyes are disclosed. Herein, the synthesis and electrochemical and photophysical properties of a series of intentionally designed dipolar organic dyes and their application in DSSCs are reported. The molecular structures of the seven organic dyes are composed of a triphenylamine group as an electron donor, a cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor, and an electron‐deficient diphenylquinoxaline moiety integrated in the π‐conjugated spacer between the electron donor and acceptor moieties. The DSSCs based on the dye DJ104 gave the best overall cell performance of 8.06 %; the efficiency of the DSSC based on the standard N719 dye under the same experimental conditions was 8.82 %. The spectral coverage of incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiencies extends to the onset at the near‐infrared region due to strong internal charge‐transfer transition as well as the effect of electron‐deficient diphenylquinoxaline to lower the energy gap in these organic dyes. A combined tetraphenyl segment as a hydrophobic barrier in these organic dyes effectively slows down the charge recombination from TiO₂ to the electrolyte and boosts the photovoltage, comparable to their Ru^II counterparts. Detailed spectroscopic studies have revealed the dye structure–cell performance correlations, to allow future design of efficient light‐harvesting organic dyes.     

Effect of organic dye on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing TiO2 nanostructure films synthesized via CTAB-assisted liquid phase deposition technique

This work is concerned with the growth of TiO₂ nanostructures as photovoltaic materials of dyesensitized solar cell (DSSC) via phase liquid deposition technique treated with CTAB surfactant. This work investigates the influence of organic dyes, N719, N3 and Z907 as photosensitizer on the photovoltaic parameters of TiO₂ nanostructures dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It also highlights the effect of the concentration of the best dye, N719 on the performance of the cell. The platinum films as counter electrode of the DSSC were prepared by sputtering platinum pellet on ITO substrate. The redox couple of the electrolyte utilized in the DSSC was iodide/triiodide. The cell sensitized with N719 dye demonstrated the best performance compared with the cell sensitized with another two dyes, N3 and Z907. This is due to N719 dye possess the highest optical absorption in visible region. The cell sensitized with 0.8 mM N719 dye performs the highest short-circuit current density, J _sc and power conversion efficiency, η since it posses the highest absorption in visible region. The DSSC utilizing 0.8 mM N719 dye demonstrated the highest J _sc and η of 6.48 mA cm^?2 and 1.69%, respectively.     

金属配合物Cd（phen）2（NO3）（NO2）对ZnO光阳极的敏化特性

采用具有紫外光区吸收的金属配合物Cd(phen)2(NO3)(NO2)和N719对ZnO光阳极进行共敏化.结果表明,配合物能够对ZnO光阳极进行共敏化,同时被电解液还原再生,共敏化增加电池对光的吸收,电池光电流密度增加63%,共敏化降低了电池各个界面电阻,有利于电子在界面的传输,电池的光电转换效率提高了37%.     

Functionalized organic dyes containing a phenanthroimidazole donor for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Five functionalized organic dyes (H6-10) containing a phenanthroimidazole unit as an electron donor were synthesized and characterized for use in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the DSSCs based on dye H6 displayed the best performance, with an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) exceeding 70% at wavelengths of 400–530 nm, a short-circuit photocurrent density of 10.98 mA cm^?2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.68 V, a fill factor of 0.69, and an overall conversion efficiency of 5.12%. This efficiency is ～94% of that for JK2 cells (5.46%) and ～72% of that for N719 cells (7.07%) under the same conditions.     

敏化染料分子长径比对太阳能电池性能的影响

采用同一系列但分子长径比不同的3种染料:2-氰基-3-[2-[4-{2-[4-N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)氨基苯基]乙烯基}-苯基氨基)-嘧啶-5-取代基]-丙烯酸(MTPA-Pyc)、2-氰基-3-(4-{2-[4-N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)氨基苯基]乙烯基}-苯基)-丙烯酸(MTPAcc)和2-氰基-3-[4-N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)氨基苯基]-丙烯酸(MTPAc),研究了在不同吸附溶剂中3种染料分子在Ti O2上的吸附量和聚集态,探讨了敏化染料分子长径比对染料敏化太阳电池性能的影响.结果表明,MTPAcc具有最合适的分子长径比,其在Ti O2表面的吸附量及应用的光电性能最高;吸附溶剂的极性增大有利于提高染料的吸附量,但也会影响染料分子的聚集态.当以四氢呋喃为吸附溶剂时,MTPAcc在Ti O2表面的吸附量大且不发生聚集,对应的敏化太阳能电池器件在所有结果中表现最好,在490 nm处的单色光光电转化效率(IPCE)极值达到84%,总光电转化效率(η)达到5.72%.     

Mini review on the performance of Schiff base and their metal complexes as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

For the requirement of clean and efficient energy, research toward the improvement of solar energy is increased because it directly converts the sunlight into electrical energy leaving no harmful effect on the environment. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one of the best alternative approaches to conventional solar cells. The photosensitizer is one of the important components in DSSC and plays a key role to initiate the electrochemical process for electricity production by harvesting visible light. The power conversion efficiency of DSSC is typically based on the dye/sensitizer which is coated on the porous semiconductor TiO₂ film. Schiff base metal complexes have potential photosensitizing behavior, due to their photophysical properties. This article presents the current development attained in the designing and synthesis of Schiff base metal complexes and their application as photosensitizers and also co-sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, and recent developments on the DSSC using Schiff based metal complexes.     

Energy Relay from an Unconventional Yellow Dye to CdS/CdSe Quantum Dots for Enhanced Solar Cell Performance

A new design for a quasi‐solid‐state Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) enabled solar cell with unattached Lucifer yellow (LY) dye molecules as donors and CdS/CdSe quantum dots (QDs) tethered to titania (TiO₂) as acceptors is presented. The Forster radius is experimentally determined to be 5.29 nm. Sequential energy transfer from the LY dye to the QDs and electron transfer from the QDs to TiO₂ is followed by fluorescence quenching and electron lifetime studies. Cells with a donor–acceptor architecture (TiO₂/CdS/CdSe/ZnS‐LY/S^2?‐multi‐walled carbon nanotubes) show a maximum incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency of 53 % at 530 nm. This is the highest efficiency among Ru‐dye free FRET‐enabled quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), and is much higher than the donor or acceptor‐only cells. The FRET‐enhanced solar cell performance over the majority of the visible spectrum paves the way to harnessing the untapped potential of the LY dye as an energy relay fluorophore for the entire gamut of dye sensitized, organic, or hybrid solar cells.     

基于TiO2纳米管阵列的高效正面透光型染料敏化太阳能电池的制备及其光电性能

报道了一种基于TiO2纳米管(TNT)阵列正面透光型光阳极的高效染料敏化太阳能电池.将TNTs在450°C烧结后能避免其有序结构在HF处理过程中被破坏,使膜内高速电子传输通道被保留,有利于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)实现高速电荷传输.再用HF、TiCl4、HF和TiCl4混合等溶剂对TNTs进行处理,提高其表面粗糙度以吸附更多染料.染料吸附量的增加能提高光阳极在300-570 nm波段光子捕获效率,该波段是染料吸收光子的主要区域.然而,在染料吸收光子较弱的长波段区域(570-800 nm)光子捕获效率的增加主要源于光阳极光散射率的提高.光阳极光子捕获效率的提高使DSSC的内外量子效率在全波段(300-800 nm)均有所增加,从而使短路电流明显提高.从电化学阻抗数据可知,与电子传输性能密切相关的电化学参数如电荷传输电阻、界面电荷复合电阻、电容、电子寿命、电子扩散长度和电子收集效率等在含处理过的TNTs光阳极DSSC中均有所改善,从而提高电池光电转换效率.含HF和TiCl4混合溶剂处理TNTs光阳极的DSSC最高光电转换效率能达到7.30%,比未处理的DSSC(5.38%)提高35.69%.