阿苯达唑的微波-循环伏安法测定

以玻碳电极为工作电极,在微波作用下采用循环伏安法研究了阿苯达唑的电化学特性,结果表明微波可以增大阿苯达唑的氧化峰电流,据此建立了一种新型检测阿苯达唑的电化学方法。在优化实验条件下,无微波作用时,响应电流与阿苯达唑的浓度在4.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为Ip(μA)=8.303 6c(mmol/L)+0.727 1(r=0.999 3,n=7),检出限为1.78×10-5mol/L;在80 W微波作用下,阿苯达唑的峰电流增大近1倍,响应电流与阿苯达唑的浓度在2.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为Ip(μA)=15.41c(mmol/L)+1.435 9(r=0.998 9,n=8),检出限为1.01×10-5mol/L。研究表明,微波-循环伏安法测定阿苯达唑具有较高的选择性和灵敏度,且样品处理简单快速,用于阿苯达唑片的测定,结果满意。     

聚天青I/磁珠-纳米金修饰电极的制备及其对盐酸克林霉素的测定

制备了聚天青I/磁珠-纳米金修饰电极。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,盐酸克林霉素在修饰电极上产生了灵敏的方波伏安氧化峰,峰电流与盐酸克林霉素浓度在一定的范围呈线性关系,线性回归方程为Ip=-3.0363×10-6-0.00255c,相关系数为0.9957,检出限8.5×10-6mol/L。     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极检测盐酸氯丙嗪的研究

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了盐酸氯丙嗪在修饰电极上的电化学特性,发展了一种新的检测盐酸氯丙嗪的电化学分析方法。在最佳实验条件下,用循环伏安法检测盐酸氯丙嗪,其响应电流与盐酸氯丙嗪的浓度在8.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol/L范围内有很好的线性关系,线性方程为Ip(A)=0.0106c(mol/L)-8×10-8(R2=0.999,n=6),检出限为6.2×10-6mol/L(S/N=3)。方法可用于盐酸氯丙嗪片的测定。     

双氯芬酸钠在石墨烯和室温离子液体复合修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

运用循环伏安法研究了双氯芬酸钠(DS)在石墨烯(Gene)和室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMIMPF6)复合修饰电极上的电化学行为。DS在该复合电极上于0.65V处有一不可逆氧化峰。在40～200 mV/s范围内,其氧化峰电流与扫描速率平方根(v1/2)呈良好线性关系,表明电极过程是受扩散控制。测定了部分电极过程参数,优化了方波溶出伏安法(SWSV)的实验参数,DS浓度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内与峰电流Ipa呈良好线性关系,检出限为8.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3),加标回收率为95.7%～101.7%。     

抗菌素痢菌净的电化学分析

采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和方波伏安法(SWV)在玻碳电极(GCE)上对痢菌净进行了电化学研究.实验表明:在pH=6.6的B-R缓冲底液中,痢菌净在-0.85伏左右有一个明显的可逆氧化还原峰,考察了不同底液及pH值、扫描速度、富集时间和静止时间的影响.DPV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6mol/L～2.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L;SWV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6 mol/L～1.0×10-3 mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L.并对痢菌净的电极反应机理进行了初步探讨,该方法操作简单、灵敏,可用于实际药品测定.     

硫唑嘌呤在聚合L-丝氨酸修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

本文研究了硫唑嘌呤在聚L-丝氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,硫唑嘌呤在该修饰电极上呈现2个还原峰和1个氧化峰,其峰电位都随着pH值的增加而负移。采用线性扫描伏安法测定硫唑嘌呤,对于Ep=-0.65 V处还原峰,峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-7~5.0×10-5mol/L范围呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为ip(μA)=0.9632 0.8371c(μmol/L),检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L。该方法用于尿样中硫唑嘌呤的测定,结果满意。     

铋膜修饰电极测定蕃茄制品中苏丹红Ⅰ

采用预镀法将Bi 3+还原成金属铋固定在玻碳电极表面,制成稳定的铋膜修饰玻碳电极(BFE),利用循环伏安法(CV)、方波伏安法(SWV)研究了苏丹红Ⅰ在该电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在pH=2.0的B-R缓冲溶液、乙醇溶液中,苏丹红Ⅰ在-380mV附近产生一灵敏的还原峰,在优化的实验条件下,苏丹红Ⅰ的峰电流iP与其浓度在1.0×10-7～1.6×10-5 mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,R=0.9987,检出限为3.3×10-8 mol/L。铋膜电极无毒、无污染,灵敏度高,为检测苏丹红Ⅰ提供了一种安全有效的新方法。     

单层碳纳米管修饰电极上盐酸曲普利啶的电化学行为及其应用研究

应用循环伏安法研究了盐酸曲普利啶在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明:在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.9)中,盐酸曲普利啶产生一灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电位为0.81 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),峰电流与盐酸曲普利啶在1.0×10-6～1.3×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-7mol/L,已用于片剂中盐酸曲普利啶的测定.     

聚邻苯二胺修饰电极应用于硝基苯的测定

研制了聚邻苯二胺薄膜修饰石墨电极,发现其对硝基苯的电化学还原具有明显的催化作用。据此建立了循环伏安法测定硝基苯的新方法。在pH 10.00的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,硝基苯在-0.83 V处产生一个灵敏的还原峰,在2.00×10-7～1.00×10-5mol/L范围内,硝基苯的还原峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ipc(μA)=1.19×107c(mol/L)+9.79(相关系数r=0.997),检出限为5.00×10-8mol/L。将该方法应用于模拟工业废水中硝基苯的测定,加标回收率为94.0%～99.0%。     

盐酸克伦特罗在玻碳电极上的伏安行为研究

采用电化学技术研究了盐酸克伦特罗(CLB)在玻碳电极上的电化学还原行为。在pH4.54的Britton Robinson缓冲液中,CLB于 0.38V(vs.Ag AgCl)左右处出现一个明显的方波溶出伏安还原峰,峰电流与CLB的浓度在3.0×10-7～1.0×10-5mol L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.1×10-8mol L。该法可应用于模拟兔血清及尿样中CLB的测定。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。