Electrochemical characteristics of sulfur composite cathode for reversible lithium storage

The electrochemical characteristics of the sulfur composite cathode for reversible lithium storage were investigated. The sulfur composites showed novel electrochemical characteristics as well as high specific capacity and good cycleability. The sulfur composite presented the average discharge voltage of 1.9 V, which was just the half of conventional LiCoO₂ cathode materials, indicating that the double cells in series presented the same working voltage as conventional LiCoO₂ cells and meaning that the sulfur composite cells will have good interchangeability with conventional LiCoO₂ cells. The overcharge test showed that the sulfur composite cell cannot be charged over 5.0 V, indicating that the sulfur composite cell presented the intrinsic safety for overcharge. Overcharge can cause serious problems for the conventional Li ion cells. The overcharge test also showed that the sulfur composite cell was destroyed when the cell was charged over 4.0 V, resulting in that the cell cannot normally be discharged again. It is found, however, that the sulfur composite cell can be discharged again at very low current density of a 0.002-C rate after the cell was overcharged. Being much safer than lithium metal anode, the graphite anode was used to fabricate sulfur composite/graphite lithium ion cells with a prelithiated sulfur composite cathode, which was produced by electrochemical lithiation. The charge/discharge and cycling characteristics of the sulfur composite/graphite cell was investigated. The result showed that the sulfur composite/graphite cells can be normally cycled and showed the different voltages from that of the cell with the lithium metal anode. This paves the effective way to fabricate safer sulfur composite/graphite lithium ion cells.     

Yb:Y3Al5O12/Y3Al5O12复合晶体的制作和光谱性能

采用热键合技术,制作中运用不同的工艺参量制作出12片Yb:Y3Al5O12/Y3Al5O12(Yb:YAG/YAG)复合.晶体.利用偏光显微镜对其键合界面进行了观察,研究了样品的透射光谱,从而确定出复合晶体合适的制作工艺.通过透射光谱的形状和透射率来表征复合晶体键合界面的质量.研究表明Yb:YAG/YAG复合晶体键合质量较好,可实现一体化.     

碳纳米管增强镍磷基复合镀层研究

对CVD方法制备的碳纳米管进行表面改性处理，然后在液相中分散，利用化学共沉积方法形成碳纳米管镍磷基复合镀层，研究了碳纳米管表面改性后的红外谱、碳纳米管复合镀层的表面形貌、硬度及摩擦学行为.结果表明：碳纳米管的加入明显地提高镍磷复合镀层的硬度和改善了镍磷复合镀层的摩擦性能.硬度达到946HV，20N载荷时摩擦系数为0.7，增至80N时降为0.6；相同条件下与传统耐磨材料SiC增强的镍磷基复合镀层相比，具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损量. 关键词： 碳纳米管 表面改性 复合镀层 摩擦行为     

Wear Performance and Mechanisms of Polyphenylene Sulfide/Polytetrafluoroethylene Wax Composite Coatings Reinforced by Graphene

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite coatings reinforced by graphene were prepared through a spraying method. Wear performance of the composite coatings were evaluated using a block-on-ring test rig, and the results showed that the wear life of the composite coatings were over seven times higher than that of a pure PPS coating. Wear mechanisms of PPS composite coatings reinforced by graphene are discussed. It was concluded that adhesive wear was the major wear mechanism of the pure PPS coating but the wear form of the composite coatings was dominated by abrasive wear due to the graphene filler that has high mechanical strength. In addition, fatigue wear appeared for composite coatings with higher content of graphene. The formation of a uniform thin transfer film on the counterpart ring and fine wear debris for the composites coatings during abrasion were consistent with the improvement of wear performance. The 3D morphology of the surface of the counterpart ring was also used to discuss the wear mechanism of PPS composite coatings.     

部分相干涡旋光束叠加场中的合成相干涡旋及其动态传输

对由两束平行、离轴部分相干平顶涡旋光束叠加形成的合成相干涡旋做了详细研究.结果表明:合成相干涡旋的数目和位置与光束阶数、相对离轴距离、相干参数以及相对传输距离有关.在部分相干范畴内“隐藏”的合成相干涡旋对应于完全相干范畴中的合成光涡旋.并且证明在相干极限下合成相干涡旋就演化为合成光涡旋. 关键词： 相关奇点光学 合成相干涡旋 部分相干平顶光束 离轴合成     

Superposition rule for light scattering by a composite particle

A superposition rule for light scattering by composite particles is presented that expresses the scattering amplitude of a composite particle as a superposition of that of the host particle and those of the shadowed inclusions. The superposition rule is derived for a soft composite particle but also provides insight into light scattering by a general composite scatterer. Favorable comparison with an exact numerical method demonstrates the usefulness of the rule in analyzing light scattering by composite particles such as biological cells.     

Transverse tensile properties of spun-type carbon fabric/phenolic composites

The transverse tensile properties of phenolic composites reinforced with spun-type carbon fabrics (spun C/P composites) have been investigated in order to evaluate the adherent failure behavior of composites in the transverse (90°) direction due to tension. The transverse tensile strength of the spun C/P composite is about 3.4 times higher than that of the conventional composite reinforced with filament type carbon fabrics (filament C/P composites). It is found from stress–strain curve of composites that it exhibits above 4 times higher failure strain than the filament C/P composite. However, the transverse tensile modulus of the spun C/P composite is similar to that of the filament C/P composite. The results indicate that the protruded fibers of spun yarns between the interlaminar layers in the spun C/P composite play an important role in improving the transverse tensile properties by the effects of fiber bridging. Consequently, this result suggests that use of spun yarn type carbon fabrics as reinforcement in a phenolic composite may significantly contribute to improving the interfacial properties of carbon/phenolic composites.     

Injection Molding of Wood–Fiber/Plastic Composite Foams

This paper investigates the feasibility of injection-molded wood–fiber/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite foams that can replace injection-molded HDPE solids in industrial applications. The study applies injection foam molding technology using a physical blowing agent to a wood–fiber/HDPE composite, and examines the effects of the processing parameters on the dimensional and mechanical properties and cell density of the composite foams. In addition, the physical properties and cost of wood–fiber/HDPE composite foams are compared with those of solid HDPE. The experimental results show that wood–fiber/HDPE composite foams that have a 20% weight reduction have superior physical properties, such as density, dimensional properties (68% decrease of shrinkage and 91% decrease of warpage) and mechanical properties (28% increase of Young's modulus). Furthermore, the cost analysis confirms that wood–fiber/HDPE composite foams are much less expensive (by 40%) than HDPE. Therefore, it is concluded that wood–fiber/HDPE composite foams are strong candidates for replacing current injection-molded HDPE products.     

聚邻甲基丙烯酰胺基苯甲酸/纳米ZnO复合物的制备及其荧光性能研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法对合成的新单体邻甲基丙烯酰胺基苯甲酸(o-MAABA)进行聚合,通过核磁验证得到符合预先设计的、结构明确的聚合物,聚合物分子量为7900;将纳米ZnO引入到该聚合物P(o-MAABA)中,得到聚合物/纳米ZnO粒子复合物.用红外光谱和差热分析方法对聚合物和复合物进行了表征,并采用透射电镜(TEM)观察了复合物粒子的形貌.红外光谱表明纳米ZnO确实被引入到聚合物链中,并且与聚合物中的某些官能团发生了一定的相互作用;差热分析表明P(o-MAABA)/纳米ZnO复合物的热稳定性较原来聚合物P(o-MAABA)有所提高;TEM观察表明复合物粒子基本为球状,表面较为光滑.P(o-MAABA)/纳米ZnO复合物表现出特殊的荧光性能,与聚合物相比荧光光谱发生红移,并且复合物溶解性较好,能成膜,可望在发光材料方面得到应用.     

Sono-assisted preparation of magnetic magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides and their application for removing fluoride

A simple ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation method in combination with a calcination treatment was developed to prepare magnetic Mg-Al layered double hydroxides composite as an adsorbent material to remove fluoride ions from aqueous solutions. The application of ultrasound in the preparation process promoted the formation of the hydrotalcite-like phase and drastically shortened the time being required for preparation of the crystalline composite. It was found that the ultrasound irradiation assistance decreased the size of the composite particles and increased the specific surface area, being favorable to the improvement of the adsorption capacity. The composite prepared under the ultrasound irradiation exhibited fairly high maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride (47.7 mg g(-1)), which was 60% higher than that of the composite prepared without the ultrasound irradiation assistance with the same aging time. The thermodynamic and kinetic studies demonstrated that the adsorption of fluoride ions involved the reconstruction of the layered structure in the composite. In addition, the magnetic composite can be effectively and simply separated by using an external magnetic field, and then regenerated by desorption and calcination.     

爆炸载荷作用下钢-混凝土-钢组合板的动态响应数值模拟

钢-混凝土组合结构的抗爆性能已成为防护工程和反恐防爆等领域的研究热点。以钢-混凝土-钢组合板为例,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对爆炸载荷作用(爆距为2.5~7.5 m,TNT炸药量为50~100 kg)下该结构的破坏形态和动力学性能进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明,组合板的破坏形态与炸药量和爆距有关。炸药量越大,爆距越小,组合板的破坏程度越明显。当TNT炸药量为100 kg、爆距为2.5 m时,组合板发生明显的翘曲,出现了塑性铰。钢板的存在有效地抑制了核心混凝土的剥落。在爆距相同的条件下,炸药量越大,组合板的变形越明显,跨中挠度和峰值速度也越大。当炸药量相同(100 kg)时,与爆距为7.5 m相比,爆距为5.0 m时组合板的跨中挠度为其1.53倍,爆距为2.5 m时组合板的跨中挠度为其5.01倍。     

Fabrication of diarylide yellow pigments/modified SiO2 core-shell hybrid composite particles for electrophoretic displays

Diarylide yellow pigments/modified SiO₂ core-shell hybrid composite particles were fabricated via a newly developed two-step procedure. The surface of diarylide yellow pigments was coated with SiO₂ by the hydrolysis of Na₂SiO₃. The obtained particles were then modified with in situ generated 3-aminopropylsilanetriol or succinic acid to form composite particles containing amino or carboxyl groups. The FT-IR spectra, TGA and TEM showed that the particles had a core-shell structure, the SEM suggested that the surface morphology of the composite particles was smooth, and the XPS and zeta potential measurement indicated that the composite particles had a high charge load. The obtained composite particles have been applied as electrophoretic particles in the electronic paper, which demonstrated that the newly developed procedure is an effective way to produce various organic/inorganic composite particles used for electrophoretic displays.     

多孔硅／激光染料复合体的发光

将激光染料分子有效地嵌入多孔硅中，获得多孔硅／染料分子复合体，嵌入微量梁料分子时，复合体的发光兼有多孔硅和激光染料两者的发光特征，增加染料分子的嵌入量，复合体的发光增强，荧光的时间响应快、脉宽窄，主要表面为激光染料的发光特性。     

Study on the Compatibility of SMA and Composite Materials by Holographic Interferometry

With the help of holographic interferometry a study is conducted on the compatibility of SMA (shape memory alloy) and epoxy resin composite material. The paper gives experiment results and analysis which show that after coupling SMA with the composite material, the flexural rigidity of composite material is somewhat reinforced. Under certain conditions, SMA and the epoxy resin composite material are compatible.     

Elastic composite materials having a negative stiffness phase can be stable

We prove that composite materials containing an isotropic phase having negative bulk and Young's moduli (hence being unstable by itself) can be stable overall, under merely applied traction boundary conditions, if the stable encapsulating phase is sufficiently stiff. We derive specific quantitative requirements on the elastic moduli of the constituent materials that ensure composite stability for two fundamental composite geometries. These results legitimize the concept of negative-stiffness-phase composites, thus dramatically expanding the parameter landscape in which novel and optimal overall material properties may be sought.     

Study on the Compatibility of SMA and Composite Materials by Holographic Interferometry

With the help of holographic interferometry a study is conducted on the compatibility of SMA (shape memory alloy) and epoxy resin composite material. The paper gives experiment results and analysis which show that after coupling SMA with the composite material, the flexural rigidity of composite material is somewhat reinforced. Under certain conditions, SMA and the epoxy resin composite material are compatible.     

Investigation of the microstructure and tribological behavior of cold-sprayed tin-bronze-based composite coatings

In this paper, tin-bronze/TiN and tin-bronze/quasicrystal (AlCuFeB) composite coatings were fabricated by cold spray process. Microstructure and microhardness of the prepared coatings were investigated. Ball-on-disc dry sliding wear tests were conducted in an ambient condition to examine the tribological behavior of the composite coatings. The results show that the microhardness and the density of composite coatings increase significantly compared to the pure tin-bronze coating. The friction coefficient of composite coating decreases when reinforcing particles were introduced. Furthermore, the bronze/quasicrystal composite coating has a lower friction coefficient and wear rate than the bronze/TiN coating. Tribological mechanisms of the composite coatings were discussed.     

采用阶梯形弹性基底的磁致伸缩/压电复合结构磁电响应研究

利用阶梯形变幅杆的应变放大作用,构造了磁致伸缩/阶梯形弹性基底/压电复合结构. 采用等效电路法分析了沿长度方向振动复合结构的一阶磁电响应. 计算了Terfenol-D/阶梯形铍青铜基底/PZT-5H复合结构的磁电响应,并与实际结构的磁电响应进行了比较,由于理论分析中忽略了胶层产生的损耗,理论值和实验结果的变化规律相似,但是谐振频率点和磁电电压转换系数有一定的差异. 同时比较了阶梯形基底和等截面杆基底复合结构,分析表明前者具有更高的磁电电压转换系数. 研究了阶梯形弹性基底长度比及层厚比对复合结构纵振动一阶模 关键词： 磁电效应 磁致伸缩/压电复合结构 磁电响应     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde on platinum well-dispersed into single-wall carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)/polyaniline (PANI) composite films with good uniformity and dispersion were prepared by electrochemical polymerization of aniline containing well-dissolved SWNTs. The composite films were dispersed Pt by electrodeposition technique. The presence of SWNTs and platinum in the composite film was confirmed by XRD analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Four-point probe investigation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the well arrangement of PANI coated SWNTs in these films enhanced electric conductivity and facilitated the charge-transfer of the composite films. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) and chronoamperogram showed that Pt-modified SWNT/PANI composite film performs higher electrocatalytic activity and better long-term stability than Pt-modified pure PANI film toward formaldehyde oxidation. The results imply that the SWNT/PANI composite film as a promising support material improves the electrocatalytic activity for formaldehyde oxidation greatly.     

A comparative study on radiation reliability of composite channel InP high electron mobility transistors

This paper proposes a reasonable radiation-resistant composite channel structure for In P HEMTs. The simulation results show that the composite channel structure has excellent electrical properties due to increased modulation doping efficiency and carrier confinement. Moreover, the direct current(DC) and radio frequency(RF) characteristics and their reliability between the single channel structure and the composite channel structure after 75-ke V proton irradiation are compared in detail. The results show that the composite channel structure has excellent radiation tolerance. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the composite channel structure weakens the carrier removal effect. This phenomenon can account for the increase of native carrier and the decrease of defect capture rate.