Two Typical Examples of Scaling Ionic Partition Scheme for Estimating Correlation Energy of A2 Type Molecules

Based on the calculation results of pair correlation energy contributions of the various electron pairs in Na2 and H2NNH2 systems and the application of the scaling ionic partition scheme for symmetrical A2 type systems, the total correlation energies of Na2 and H2NNH2 have been reproduced by using this simple scheme. The two results show that the absolute deviations are within an acceptable range of error, however, in this way, more than 90% of computational work can be saved. The most attractive result in present paper is that, in these two molecules the coefficients c1 and c2 in the estimation equation can be obtained by the proportion of correlation energy of A^- to that of A^ singlet system. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed ionic partition scheme for symmetrical A2 molecules would be very useful to estimate the correlation energies of large symmetrical molecules.     

Ab initio study on structures and stabilities of OLi n hyperlithiated compounds

The geometries of hyperlithiated compounds OLi_n were optimized by means of HF, MP2 and DFT methods with 6-31G basis set. The dissociation energies of those optimized stable geometries of OLi_n were calculated, the results are in good agreement with experimental values; and moreover, the dissociation energy of OLi_6 is predicted. In addition, the fundamental vibrational frequencies were also predicted.     

Estimation of Intramolecular Hydrogen- bonding Energy via the Substitution Method

The intramolecular hydrogen-bonding energies for eighteen molecules were calculated based on the substitution method, and compared with those predicted by the cis-trans method. The energy values obtained from two methods are close to each other with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Furthermore, the hydrogen-bonding energies based on the substitution method are consistent with the geometrical features of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Both of them demonstrate that the substitution method is capable of providing a good estimation of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding energy.     

Ab Initio and Density Functional Study on the First Hyperpolarizabilities of Squaric Acid Homologues

The first hyperpolarizabilities of four squaric acid homologues: squaric acid, 1,2-dithiosquaric acid,1,2-diselenosquaric acid and 1,2-ditellurosquaric acid have been calculated using ab initio and DFT methods. The effects of equilibrium geometries, basis set and electron correlation on the first hyperpolarizabilties of these molecules were investigated. The frequency dispersion effect and solvent effect, which are essential to get reliable outputs in comparison to the experimental results, have also been explored. On the basis of these investigations, it is worthy to point out that the heavy atom effect takes effect for these squaric acid homologues.     

Theoretical Investigations on the Interaction Nature of Br2 with HF, H2O and NH3

The interactions of HF, H2O and NH3 with Br2 are investigated at the MP2(full)/ aug-cc-pVDZ level. It is found that two kinds of stable complexes, halogen-bonded and hydrogen- bonded complexes, exist between Br2 and HF and between Br2 and H2O. The interaction energy analysis and natural population analysis (NPA) are conducted to these two kinds of complexes, indicating the halogen-bonded complexes are more stable than the corresponding hydrogen-bonded ones, and the binding energies of the former increase in the order HFH2O for the latter.     

The Structures and Stability of HNOS Isomers

Potential energy surface of HNOS system is investigated by means of MP2 method with 6-311 G(d,p) basis set.The energy for each minimum and saddle point on the potential energy surface is corrected at the QCISD(T)/6-311 G(3df,2p) level of theory with zero-point vibrational energy included.As a result ,eighteen isomers are theoretically predicted and cis-HNSO is found to be global minimum on the potential energy surface,Wherein,fourteen isomers are considered as kinetically stable species,and should be experimentally observed.Comparisons are made for HNOS system with its analogues,HNO2 and NHS2.The nature of bonding and isomers‘ stability of HNOS system are similar to HNS2.The obvious similarities and discrepancies among HNOS,HNO2 and HNS2 are attributed to the hypervalent capacity of sulfur,oxygen and nitrogen atoms.     

Ab initio Studies on Intermolecular Interaction of Formamide and Hydroxyacetonitrile Dimers

The structures, the binding energies and the thermodynamic properties of formamide and hydroxyacetonitrile(HAN) dimers have been studied by means of the self-consistent ab initio Hartree-Fock and the second-order Mφller-Plesset correlation energy correction methods. The counterpoise procedure was used to check the basis set superposition error(BSSE) of the binding energies. There exist cyclic structures in a formamide dimer(Ⅰ), a HAN dimer(Ⅱ) and their heterodimer(Ⅲ). The corrected binding energies for dimers Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ are respectively -45.53, -45.83 and -43.89 kJ/mol at the MP2/aug-cc-p VDZ//HF/aug-cc-p VDZ level. The change of the Gibbs free energies(ΔG) in the process of Ⅰ Ⅱ→2Ⅲ was predicted to be -2.74 kJ/mol at 298.15 K. Dimer Ⅲ can be spontaneously produced in the mixture of formamide and HAN, which is in agreement with the experimental fact that most cyanohydrins are capable of interacting with dipeptide cyclo-His-Phe(CHP).     

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE ab initio CALCULATION OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION——NON-BONDED INTERACTION IN THE HYDROGEN BOND COMPLEX (HF)_2

An ab initio calculation of the hydrogen bond complex (HF)_2 is given with the 6-311 G~(**) basis set, according to which the potential surface around the balance point of the distancès and the orientations between two HF molecules is obtained. The atomic charges in the system are calculated with the PD/LSF method (potential-derived/least-square-fitting method) and then an analysis of the hydrogen bond interaction between two HF molecules is given with the (exp-6-1) potential function, by means of which it is shown that the main interaction between them is not an electro-static but a charge transfer one. The potential curve between two HF molecules is like a Morse function.     

Rapid Evaluation of Individual Hydrogen Bonding Energies in Linear Water Chains

A model is proposed to rapidly evaluate the individual hydrogen bonding energies in linear water chains. We regarded the two O--H bonds of a water molecule as two dipoles. The magnitude of the O--H bond dipole mo- ment can be varied due to the other water molecules＇ presence. An analytic potential energy function, which explicitly contains the permanent dipole-dipole interactions, the polarization interactions, the van der Waals interactions and the covalent interactions, was therefore established. The individual hydrogen bonding energies in a series of linear water chains were evaluated via the analytic potential energy function and compared with those obtained from the CP-corrected MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations. The results show that the analytic potential energy function not only can produce the individual hydrogen bonding energies as accurately as the CP-corrected MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ method, but is very efficient as well, demonstrating the model proposed is reasonable and useful. Based on the individual hy- drogen bonding energies obtained, the hydrogen bonding cooperativity in the linear water chains was explored and the natures of the hydrogen bonding in these water chains were discussed.     

强离子键体系电子相关能简捷计算方案的应用

The calculation results of electron correlation energies of KF and （KF）2 were reported. The transferability of 1s^2 K , 1s^2 F and the inner core correlation effects of K and F in both K, K^＋, KF and F, F^-, KF systems were investigated respectively. The correlation energy contributions of K and F component to KF system were calculated. By applying the simple estimation scheme to the calculation of the correlation energy of the strong ionic compound KF and （KF）2, it was shown that such a powerful scheme could not only reach the chemical accuracy but also need little computational work.     

Enhanced second‐order treatment of electron pair correlation

Ab initio calculations have been performed for F₂, HCCH, H₂O, HF, (HF)₂, and (H₂O)₂, comparing certain electron pair correlation methods, or methods for doubly substituted configurations. In these model systems, the reweighting of substituted configurations that occurs beyond a second‐order perturbative treatment of electron correlation can be partly built into the second‐order analysis in a computationally trivial step. Specific means for doing this are explored, and they offer improvement in certain cases or else very little change. A consistent improvement in the correlation energy when judged against treatment with double substitution coupled cluster theory for the test species is obtained through one of these schemes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 78: 226–236, 2000     

SCF-CI studies of correlation effects on hydrogen bonding and ion hydration

Previous single-determinant Hartree-Fock studies on the equilibrium structures and stabilities of H₂ O, H₃ O⁺ as well as of the monohydrated ionic systems Li⁺ · H₂O, F^? · H₂O and the hydrogen bonded water dimer, H₂ O · HOH, are extended by large scale configuration interaction calculations including all the possible single and double excitations arising from the canonical set of Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals. The correlation energy effects on the equilibrium geometrical parameters of the systems under consideration are found to be quite small. The contributions of the correlation energy to the total binding energies of the weakly interacting composed systems are obtained to be of the order of 1 kcal/mole, leading to a considerable increase of the hydrogen bond strength in F^? · H₂O and H₂O · HOH and to a small decrease of the binding energy in Li⁺ · H₂ O. The observed strengthening of the hydrogen bonding interaction due to correlation is shown to be partly compensated by the change in the vibrational zero-point energy of the composed systems compared to the non-interacting subsystems. Approximate force constants corresponding to the intersystem vibrations in Li⁺ · H₂O, F^? · H₂ O, and H₂O · HOH are deduced from the calculated potential curve data on the SCF and the CI level of accuracy.     

Simple estimation of electron correlation energy for multi-atomic strong ionic compounds KX and (KX)2 (X=OH, NC)

On the basis of the calculations and analyses of the intrapair and interpair correlation energy of KX (X = OH, NC) molecules and the results of the transferability of both the innermost intrapair correlation energy and the inner core effect of K and X in KX molecules, we defined and calculated the K^δ+ and X^δ-correlation contributions to the total correlation energy of KX molecules. With the comparison of the pair correlation energy of K⁺, X^- and KX systems, we present a simple estimation method to estimate the electron correlation energy of strong ionic compound by summarizing the correlation energy of its constituent ion and ionic group. By using this simple method, the reasonable estimation results of the correlation energy of (KOH)₂ and (KNC)₂ have been obtained at mp2/6-311++G(d) level with Gaussian98 program, and the deviations are very small. Applying the scheme of “Separate Large System into Smaller Ones” to the calculation of electron correlation energy of large ionic compounds, it can not only save lot of computation work but also reach the chemical accuracy.     

Theoretical Study of the Reactions M++CH3F (M=Ge,As, Se,Sb)

CASSCF–MRMP2 calculations have been carried out to analyze the reactions of the methyl fluoride molecule with the atomic ions Ge⁺, As⁺, Se⁺ and Sb⁺. For these interactions, potential energy curves for the low‐lying electronic states were calculated for different approaching modes of the fragments. Particularly, those channels leading to C? H and C? F oxidative addition products, H₂FC? M? H⁺ and H₃C? M? F⁺, respectively were explored, as well as the paths which evolve to the abstraction (M? F⁺+CH₃) and the elimination (CH₂M⁺+HF) asymptotes. For the reaction Ge⁺+CH₃F the only favorable channel leads to fluorine abstraction by the ion. As⁺ and Sb⁺ can react with CH₃F along pathways yielding stable addition products. However, a viable path joining the oxidative addition product H₃C? M? F⁺ with the elimination asymptote CH₂M⁺+HF was found for the reaction of the fluorocarbon compound with As⁺. No favorable channels were detected for the interaction of fluoromethane with Se⁺. The results discussed herein allow rationalizing some of the experimental data found for these interactions through gas‐phase mass spectrometry.     

HF,Ne等电子体系对内对间电子相关能的比较研究

采用MELD程序ROHF－OPT1方法在MP2/6-311++G(d)水平上,计算了HF分子基态1^∑和Ne原子基态1^S的对内对间电子相关能,并对两等电子体系的对相关能进行了分析和比较,深入研究两等电子体系对内对间相关能所具有的共同规律和存在的差异性,通过比较说明分子内的化学键是影响电子相关能的重要因素之一。HF分子和Ne原子两体系三重激发和四重激发对体系电子相关能的贡献的计算结果表明高激发项对电子相关能的贡献在精确量子化学计算中是不可以忽略的。     

Ab initio valence bond calculations. VII. HF,HF+, and H2F+

Ab initio valence bond calculations for the ground and excited states of HF and HF⁺ are presented. Total energies, equilibrium geometries, dissociation energies, dipole moments, and spectroscopic constants for HF and HF⁺ have been calculated. The photoelectron spectrum of HF has been examined and interpreted by means of the valence bond formalism. The ground state of the protonated species H₂F⁺ has been investigated.     

Intermolecular exchange-induction energies without overlap expansion

An approach to evaluate the second-order exchange-induction energies of symmetry-adapted intermolecular perturbation theory (SAPT) for single-determinant ground-state monomer wavefunctions has been derived. This approach is correct to all orders of the intermonomer overlap, that is, it takes multiple electron exchange between the monomers into account. The resulting formulae can be written in a compact way and implemented efficiently. Here, the method is employed to investigate the performance of the S ²- or single-exchange approximation at the Hartree-Fock-SAPT level. The list of test systems comprises the prototypical van der Waals- and hydrogen-bridge complexes Ne₂, Ar–HF, and (H₂O)₂, but also the systems HeCl^?, NeNa⁺ and Li⁺F^? involving closed-shell ions. It was found that the errors introduced by the S ²-approximation are more pronounced for the second-order exchange-induction energy than for the first-order exchange energy. While these errors tend to be negligible throughout the well region of complexes such as the neon dimer, they start to be significant in the repulsive part of the well regions of systems such as the water dimer, and in particular for the ionic lithium fluoride molecule. The consequences of these findings for the Hartree-Fock level estimate of higher-order induction plus exchange-induction energies, which is frequently employed in SAPT are also discussed.     

Computational study of structures and proton transfer in hydrogen‐bonded ammonia complexes using semiempirical valence‐bond approach

In this study, the seGVB method was implemented for the N H bonding system, specifically for hydrogen‐bonded ammonia complexes, and the model well reproduces the MP2 geometries and energetics. A comparison between the ammonia dimer and water dimer is given from the viewpoint of valance‐bond structures in terms of the calculated bond energies and pair–pair interactions. The linear hydrogen bond is found to be stronger than the bent bonds in both cases, with the difference in energy between the linear and cyclic structures being comparable in both cases although the NH bonds are generally weaker. The energy decomposition clearly demonstrates that the changes in electronic energy are quite different in the two cases due to the presence of an additional lone pair on the water molecule, and it is this effect which leads to the net stabilization of the cyclic structure for the ammonia dimer. Proton‐transfer profiles for hydrogen‐bonded ammonia complexes [NH₂ H NH₂]⁻ and [NH₃ H NH₃]⁺ were calculated. The barrier for proton transfer in [NH₃ H NH₃]⁺ is larger than that in [NH₂ H NH₂]⁻, but smaller than that in the protonated water dimer. The different bonding structures substantially affect the barrier to proton transfer, even though they are isoelectronic systems. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 73: 357–367, 1999     

Theoretical study in [C2H4–Tl]+ and [C2H2–Tl]+ complexes

We studied the attraction between [C₂H_n] and Tl(I) in the hypothetical [C₂H_n–Tl]⁺ complexes (n = 2,4) using ab initio methodology. We found that the changes around the equilibrium distance C–Tl and in the interaction energies are sensitive to the electron correlation potential. We evaluated these effects using several levels of theory, including Hartree–Fock (HF), second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2), MP4, coupled cluster singles and doubles CCSD(T), and local density approximation augmented by nonlocal corrections for exchange and correlation due to Becke and Perdew (LDA/BP). The obtained interaction energies differences at the equilibrium distance R_e (C–Tl) range from 33 and 46 kJ/mol at the different levels used. These results indicate that the interaction between olefinic systems and Tl(I) are a real minimum on the potential energy surfaces (PES). We can predict that these new complexes are viable for synthesizing. At long distances, the behavior of the [C₂H_n]–Tl⁺ interaction may be related mainly to charge‐induced dipole and dispersion terms, both involving the individual properties of the olefinic π‐system and thallium ion. However, the charge‐induced dipole term (R^?4) is found as the principal contribution in the stability at long and short distances. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007